Introduction To Computers

CS2211

Introduction To Computers

Course Objective• Become familiar with the basic concepts of Information

Technology Computer and networks.• Identify the components of Computer.• Identify computer networks, types, its components, its benefits,

disadvantages and to differentiate between different types.• Identify computer viruses their importance, how they work,

types and methods of prevention.• Develop the skills to use the computer.• Practical application on the use of common operating system

Windows.• Practical application of the use of office applications (MS Word,

MS Excel, MS PowerPoint, MS Access (• Practical application on the use of the internet browser (Internet

Explorer) and some important Internet applications.

Grading 5 Weekly Practical (LAB)evaluation15 Midterm1 Theoretical 15 Midterm2 Theoretical 5 Practical (LAB) Midterm40 Final Theoretical 20 Practical (LAB) Final100 Total

How do I get high scores in this Course?

• In the Lecture

know the important things in the lecture. Ask if you do not understand.

• After Lecture

Read lecture, apply practical part. Reference: Book & CS2211 Blog: www.cs2211.wordpress.com

References

The Computer and The Software Packages, Dr. Bilal Al Zoa’aby and others, 2011, V.9

. و الزعبي بالل محمد د ، الجاهزة والبرمجيات الحاسوب ، للنشر وائل دار ، التاسعه الطبعة ، 2011آخرون .

Lecture: 1Chapter1: Introduction To Computers

Course: Introduction To Computers

Outline•What is Computer?•Computer Components•What is IT?•Computer Types•Parts of a Computer

What is Computer?

• It is an electronic machine made of separate component that are connected together and controlled by commands.

• Computers perform three main operations:• Receive input (Data).• Process data to information.• Produce output (Information).

What is Computer?

What is Computer?

Input

Save

Process

Output

Computer Components

1. Hardware: Physical components ex.(Screen, keyboard, ..etc).

2. Software: Set of instructions that tells the computer what to do and how ex.(word, games, ..etc).

3. User: A person who uses the software on the computer.

12

Computer Components

What is IT?

Information Technology (IT)

• A set of tools that are used to: receive, process, store, print and transmit information in an electronic form through computers.

• Forms can be: text, sound, picture or video.

Computer Types

1. 1) Super Computers:

• High capacity, extremely fast.• Cost millions of dollars.• Used for research, weather forecasting, aircraft

design ..etc.

2) Mainframes:

• High speed, powerful, large storage, Room size.• Service hundred of users.• Used in banks, government departments, large

organizations.• Connected to a large number of terminal that can

be:• Dumb terminal: can not operate on their own.• Intelligent terminal: have processing power

(receive, process, produce).

3) 3) Mini Computers:

• Do the same job as a mainframe but in a smaller scale.

• Size of a File cabinet.• Used in medium-sized companies ex.

(universities)

4) Personal Computer (PC): • Small, can set on a desk, not expensive, popular. • PC’s are manufactured under different names:

IBM, Macintosh.

5) Laptops:

• Briefcase-sized.• Portable.• Powerful as PC but More expensive.

6) Palmtop:• Hand-held, called (notepad).• Small screen and keyboard.• Cheap.• Ex. PDA

7) Network Computers:

• Server: • Large PC-type.• Connected to smaller PCs

called (clients)

Parts of a Computer

1) System Case or CPU Box:

• This unit contains the main parts inside it.• Tow types: Tower, Desktop.

2) Input Devices:› The devices that allows people to put data

into the computer.› Ex. Keyboard, mouse.

3) Output Devices:› The devices that translate the information

processed by the computer in a form that human can understand.

› Ex. Monitor

4) Peripherals › Any pieces of hardware that is connected

to a computer to improve its performance.› Ex. Scanner, Printer, Modem

And when we open the case!

System Case (CPU Box)

Motherboard:• The main circuit board in the system unit,

carries the (CPU, memory,..etc).

Power supply:• Provides the electricity that the computer need.

System Case (CPU Box)

Memory:• Can be directly connected to the

motherboard or on a sockets on the motherboard.

Disk Driver:• Device that can read/writes from/on the

hard disk or floppy disk.

Devices Controller:• Circuit boards that allow your CPU work

with different kinds of peripheral devices.

System Case (CPU Box)Ports:

• Sockets outside the system unit.• Connects different devices with your PC.• Types:

• Serial Port: moves one bit at a time• Parallel Port: moves a group of bits at once. • SCSI Port : transferring data at high speed for up

to 15 devices.• USB Port: transferring data at high speed for up to

127 devices.• Plugs that connect the keyboard and mouse.

System Case (CPU Box)Expansion Slots:

• Sockets on the motherboard into which you can plug expansion boards.

• The objective from it is possibility add some terminals then produce the PC power.

• Ex. Graphical Adapter, Sound Card

System Case (CPU Box)System Clock:

• Basic part of a computer, connected directly with the CPU.• Controls the TIME performing all the operations within a

computer.• Uses a fixed vibration from a quartz crystal to deliver a

steady stream of digital pulses to the CPU.• Help speed system clock in determining the speed of

implementation of computer instructions.• Speed measured by number of beats per second

( frequency unit called Hertz).• Therefore CPU processing speeds are expresses in

megahertz (Megahertz).LED Display:

• A small light source that is used to indicate that the PC is switch on/off.

Thank you for Attention