Basic Hardware Introduction to Computer
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Basic Hardware
Introduction to Computer
2
What is a Computer ?
3
An electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes
data or which manipulates data according to a list of
instructions and which is composed of hardware and
software.
Basic Definition
Characteristics of Computer
Computers are popular because of following characteristics:
Speed: Computer can perform a task much faster than done manually.
Accuracy: Computer gives accurate results compared to task done manually.
Storage: Computer stores the information in its main memory and the same can be retrieved based on the requirement.
Multitasking: Computer performs multiple tasks simultaneously. For example, one can use the computer to take a printout of an inventory report and at the same time can use it to draft letters.
Communication: Computer can be used to exchange information between two or more computers. Internet is the best example of this.
Application Areas of Computers
Business Area
Entertainment Area
Education Area
Medicinal Area
Finance Area
Basics of Computer Communication
The term “communication” is defined as the act of transmitting,
receiving ideas or exchanging information
Early Communication
Telegraph and Radio Communication
The Language of Computers
Computer being electronic machine it knows only “ON” or “OFF” (‘0’
or ‘1’). Any data that is to be fed, processed or stored should be
converted into combination of 0s and 1s. This is called binary
notation and 0 or 1 is called a Bit.
Bit is a basic memory unit.
Byte is unit of data consists of 8 bits
Kilo Byte (KB) equals 1024 – Bytes
Mega Byte (MB) equals 1024 Kilo Bytes
Giga Byte (GB) equals 1024 Mega Bytes
Data Transfer Inside a Computer
Parallel and Serial Communication
1 0 0 1 1 0 1 110011011
10011011
X Y
1
10011011
10011011
X Y
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
Serial
Parallel
Basic Elements of Computer
Hardware & Software
Operating System
Application Software
How Computer Works
INPUT
Control Unit
STORAGE
OUTPUT
Arithmetic and Logical Unit
Components & Peripherals of Computer
Primary Components of Computer
Motherboard
Processor
CPU Heat sink & Fan
RAM
Floppy Disk Drive
Hard disk
Optical Drive
SMPS
Port
Connector
Add on Cards - Modem, Network card, PCI Express Card etc.
Computer Peripherals
Keyboard & Mouse
Printer
Scanner
Output devices Monitor (CRT/LCD)
Power Supply
Joystick
Microphone
Webcam
Summary
A computer is an electronic machine that accepts input, processes it and
produces the desired result.
A computer is characterized by speed, accuracy, storage, multitasking and
communication.
Computers are used pre-dominantly in most of fields that include business,
entertainment, education, medicine and financial organizations.
The term “communication” is defined as the act of giving, transmitting, or
exchanging information.
The main form of communication between humans is through words. The
human beings can express their thoughts both verbally and written.
Earlier people used items like lanterns, flags, mirrors and drum beats to send
messages.
Thank you
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