1.1- INTRODUCTION Before the liberalization of the Indian economy, only a few companies like Kelvinator, Godrej, Alwyn, and Voltas were the major players in the consumer durables market, accounting for no less than 90% of the market. Then, after the liberalization, foreign players like LG, Sony, Samsung, Whirlpool, and Aiwa came into the picture durables Today, these players control the major share of the consumer durables market. Consumer market is expected to grow at 13-18% in 2008-2009. It is growing very fast because of rise in living standards, easy access to consumer finance, and wide range of choice, as many foreign players were entering in the market with the increase in income levels, easy availability of finance, increase in consumer awareness, and introduction of new models, the demand for consumer durables has increased significantly. Products like washing machines, air conditioners, microwave ovens, physical security systems were no longer considered luxury items. However, there were still very few players in categories like vacuum cleaners, and dishwashers Consumer durables sector is characterized by the emergence of MNCs, exchange offers, discounts, and intense competition. The market share of MNCs in consumer durables sector is 65%. MNC's major target is the growing middle class of India. MNCs offer superior technology to the Consumers whereas the Indian companies compete on the basis of firm grasp of the local market, their
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1.1- INTRODUCTION
Before the liberalization of the Indian economy, only a few companies like Kelvinator, Godrej,
Alwyn, and Voltas were the major players in the consumer durables market, accounting for no
less than 90% of the market. Then, after the liberalization, foreign players like LG, Sony,
Samsung, Whirlpool, and Aiwa came into the picture durables Today, these players control the
major share of the consumer durables market. Consumer market is expected to grow at 13-18%
in 2008-2009. It is growing very fast because of rise in living standards, easy access to consumer
finance, and wide range of choice, as many foreign players were entering in the market with the
increase in income levels, easy availability of finance, increase in consumer awareness, and
introduction of new models, the demand for consumer durables has increased significantly.
Products like washing machines, air conditioners, microwave ovens, physical security systems
were no longer considered luxury items. However, there were still very few players in categories
like vacuum cleaners, and dishwashers Consumer durables sector is characterized by the
emergence of MNCs, exchange offers, discounts, and intense competition. The market share of
MNCs in consumer durables sector is 65%. MNC's major target is the growing middle class of
India. MNCs offer superior technology to the Consumers whereas the Indian companies compete
on the basis of firm grasp of the local market, their well-acknowledged brands, and hold over
wide distribution network. However, the penetration
Level of the consumer durables is still low in India
Indian Consumer durables market used to be dominated by few domestic players like Whirlpool,
Voltas, Allwyn and Kelvinator. But post liberalization many foreign companies have entered into
Indian market dethroning the Indian players and dominating Indian market the major categories
being CTV, REFRIGRATOR, MICROWAVE OVEN WASHING MACHINES. And AIR
CONDITION
India being the second largest growing economy with huge consumer class has resulted in
consumer durables as the fastest growing industries in India. LG, SAMSUNG and GODREJ
companies have been maintaining the lead in the market with LG being leader in almost all the
categories.
The rural market is growing faster than the urban market, although the penetration level is much
lower .The CONSUMER segment is expected to the largest contributing segment to the overall
growth of the industry. The rising income levels double-income families and consumer
awareness were the main growth drivers of the industries.
2.1- INDUSTRY PROFILE
The Consumer Durables industry consists of durable goods and appliances for domestic use such
as televisions, refrigerators, air conditioners and washing machines. Instruments such as kitchen
appliances like microwave ovens were also included in this category. The sector has been
witnessing significant growth in recent years, helped by several drivers such as the emerging
retail boom, real estate and housing demand, greater disposable income and an overall increase
in the level of affluence of a significant section of the population. The industry is represented by
major international and local players such as BPL, Videocon, Voltas, Blue Star, MIRC
Electronics, Titan, Whirlpool, etc.
The consumer durables industry can be broadly classified into two segments: Consumer
Electronics and Consumer Appliances. Consumer Appliances can be further categorized into
Brown Goods and White Goods. The key product lines under each segment were as follows.
Industry Size, Growth, Trends
The consumer durables market in India was estimated to be around US$ 5 billion in 2008-09.
More than 7 million units of consumer durable appliances have been sold in the year 2007-08
with industrial forming the bulk of the sales with 30 percent share of volumes. Washing
machine, refrigerators and Air-conditioners together constitute more than 60 percent of the sales
in terms of the number of units sold.
In the refrigerators market, the frost-free category has grown by 8.3 percent while direct cool
segment has grown by 9 per cent. Companies like LG, Whirlpool and Samsung have registered
double-digit growth in the direct cool refrigerator market.
In the case of washing machines, the semi-automatic category with a higher base and fully-
automatic categories have grown by 4 percent to 526,000 units and by 8 per cent to 229,000
units, respectively. In the air-conditioners segment, the sales of window ACs have grown by 32
percent and that of split ACs by 97 percent.
Since the penetration in the urban areas for these products is already quite high, the markets for
both air condition and refrigerators were shifting to the semi-urban and rural areas. The growth
across product categories in different segments is assessed in the following sections.
Consumer Electronics
The Industrial products production was 15.10 million units in 2008-09 and air condition is
expected to grow by at least 25 percent. At the disaggregated level, conventional Industrial
products volumes have been falling while washing machine and air condition have grown
strongly. Market sources indicate that most major air condition rest have phased out conventional
and have been instead focusing more on air condition The flat segment of Industrial products
now account for over 60 per cent of the total domestic TV production and is likely to be around
65 percent in 2008-09High-end products such as liquid crystal display (LCD)and plasma display
Industrial products grew by 400 percent respectively in 2009–10 following a sharp decline in
prices of these products and this trend is expected to continue. The audio/video player market has
seen significant growth rates in the domestic market as prices have dropped. This trend is
expected to continue through 2009- 2010, as competition is likely to intensify to scale and
capture the mass market.
SECTARIAL GROWTH OF CNSUMER ELECTRONICS
According to industry estimates, the total market for refrigerators in India is around 3 million
units per annum and is growing at 15 percent annually. However, the entry level refrigerators,
which account for nearly 70 percent of the total market, are available at around Rs 7,500-8,000.
The consumer electronic products division is being looked after by Godrej Appliances which is a
part of Godrej & Boyce. Godrej & Boyce is a privately held company of the group, which
produces security equipment and other such products.
"The segment saw a growth of 7 to 8 percent in 2008, and this year the industry is hopeful of
clocking a growth of 12 to 15 percent," an official from the Consumer Electronics and TV
Manufacturers Association (CETMA) said. The market size, according to CETMA, is estimated
at 4.1 million units for 2009.
INDIAN MARKET OVERVIEW
The washing machine market is valued at Rs. 1500 crore and is growing at the rate of
22% this year (2009-10) compared to last year. The fully automatic and semi-automatic
sub category is growing at the rate of 40% and 17% respectively. Washing machine sales
is cyclical in nature and its sales commences with the onset of monsoon.
Major Players
Some of the major players in the category of washing machine market are:
Whirlpool
LG Electronics India Ltd.
Godrej
Samsung
LG is the leader with 27% of market share
Whirlpool has a market share of 17%
Samsung has a market share of 14%
Godrej has a market share of 13%
2.2-CONSUMER DURABLE
REFRIGETATOR
The "Refrigerator Industry in India" examines the evolution of
the refrigerator industry in India over the years. It examines the
change in the structure of the industry after the liberalization of
the Indian economy.
It also takes a look at the different types of refrigerators available
in India and examines their characteristics. In addition, the note
explores the characteristics of the refrigerator Industry in India
and the major players in the industry. The distribution channels
used by the major players are also discussed in detail. The note
end a description of the future of the refrigerator industry in India.
Refrigerator industry in India; Structure of refrigerator industry; Competition in refrigerator
industry; Characteristics of refrigerator industry; BPL; Electrolux; Whirlpool India; LG
Electronics; Samsung India, Godrej-GE, Kelvinator, Allwyn, Voltas, replacement market,
production bottlenecks, Electrolux, CFC, Market share, Ecofrig Project, distribution channels,
Tata Energy Research Institute, efficiency standards.
Till the 1980s, players like Godrej, Kelvinator, Allwyn and Voltas controlled almost 90% of the
market. Earlier, the white goods sector was categorized as a luxury goods industry and was
subject to oppressive taxation and licensing. The situation changed after the liberalization of the
Indian economy in the early 1990s. The government removed all restrictions, and now there is no
restriction on foreign investment, and licenses are no longer required. Post-liberalization, a
number of foreign companies entered the market and many domestic players also diversified into
refrigerators. BPL and Videocon, who already had a presence in the consumer electronics
market, leveraged their strengths to enter the durables sector.
In India, refrigerators have the highest aspiration value of all consumer durables, with the
exception of televisions. This accounts for the high growth rate of the refrigerator market. The
refrigerator market has been growing at a rate of about 15% per year, while the consumer
durables industry as a whole has grown at almost 8%. The size of the refrigerator market is
estimated to be 3.5- 4 million units approximately, valued at Rs 50 billion. The domestic
penetration rate of refrigerators is about 9%. The penetration of refrigerators is considerably
higher in urban areas, which account for 75% of the demand, with rural areas constituting the
other 25%. The demand is also higher in the northern and western parts of the country than in the
east. The south also has high demand as the warmer weather of the south requires a refrigerator
running throughout the year. The electrical industry covers a wide range of products which
includes white goods i.e. refrigerators, washing machines, air-conditioners, microwave ovens,
washing machines, etc. The existing production capacity is sufficient to meet the domestic
demand as well as exports. The industry has been delicensed.
Household electrical appliances are now widely used in the country and two technical aspects
specific to these products are safety and quality. Steps have also been initiated to ensure adequate
testing facilities and availability of quality raw materials and components to the manufacturers to
help them in conforming to the specified quality standards. Greater consumer awareness about
the quality and safety of these goods is also expected. For safe disposal of lead acid batteries a
notification under environment protection act has also been issued.
The refrigerator industry is highly competitive which implies a high premium on quality of the
product. Manufacturers of refrigerators have, in general, improved the quality of the product,
especially the reliability of the compressor. In so far as new technology is concerned the concept
of "Frost free" refrigerators has been gaining popularity. Non CFC (Non-Chlro-fluro-carbons)
refrigerators are being manufactured in the country but because of their high initial cost the
demand is sluggish.
AIR-CONDITIONERS
But air-conditioner companies are confident that the hot weather will lead to some cool profits.
Traditionally, air-conditioners have been considered to be “luxury” appliances, and therefore, the
demand for air-conditioners have either come from the institutional segment or from affluent
homes in the top metropolitan cities of India. That’s no longer the case. While easy finance
options have made air-conditioners more affordable, companies are also going that extra mile to
make air-conditioners a “must-have” appliance in more and more middle class India homes of
inputs including steel and plastics have been rising steadily while competition too has Price cuts
as a strategy to increase sales volumes is definitely in the cards of appliance companies. Voltas
India Ltd. became the first player in the air-conditioner market to offer consumers an air-
conditioner in the Rs 10,000 (approx. U.S. $220) price range. Keen on roping in the first-time
air-conditioner buyer, Voltas has launched two models—a 0.6-ton air-conditioner priced at Rs
9,990 (approx. $218) and a 0.8-ton model at Rs 11,000 (approx. $242). For a 0.8-ton air-
conditioner with a remote control, a buyer would have to shell out an additional Rs 1,000
(approx. $22). These models are ideal for families who live in the “chawls” (tenements) and
small-size flats of Mumbai, where the average room size can be 70 to 100 sq ft. Since the peak
temperature in the cities of western and southern India hovers around 35°C, the sub 1-ton air-
conditioners would be more than adequate in terms of cooling power. Clearly the company is not
hoping to garner huge margins from the sales of these air-conditioners but is looking at growing
sale volumes. Growing sales volume is crucial for air-conditioner companies. During the last 4
years, the cost become intense. This has led to a squeeze on margins. On the positive side, a
reduction in excise duties has helped the air-conditioner market to grow rapidly. Last year, the
air-conditioner market grew by 15 percent, and this year companies are confident that market
growth will register an increase of nearly 25 to 30 percent from last year. While the key players
in the popular segment of the air-conditioner market are Godrej, LG, Voltas, and Samsung, the
premium segment is dominated by Japanese brands such as Hitachi, Daikin, and National.
As regards air-conditioners, the split air-conditioning is becoming more popular with export
orders from abroad. Manufacturers are also being encouraged to adopt environment friendly
technology, like, production of non-CFC (Non-Chloro-Fluro Carbons) based air-conditioners.
Technologically the Indian window air-conditioner industry has come a long way and is now at
par with international level. The earlier noise levels of 68 db are now down to 58 db for air-
conditioners using reciprocating compressors and even lower for those fitted with rotary
compressors. The energy efficiency ratio (EER) now being offered is 0.90 KW hr/Tone
compared with earlier figures of 1.2 KW hr/tone. Import of capital goods for the manufacture of
non-CFC refrigerator and air conditioners are being allowed duty free.
WASHING MACHINES
Washing Machines demand in India is increasing with the changing status of women. It is now
one of the basic utilities at home. Most of the women in India are working so there is less time
left with them to do this drudgery work with hands. These types of appliances really help her a
lot by providing swift to the work. The leading names in the sector of washing machines in India
have really lowered the prices of their product thus increasing the sale of washing machines in
India. Their sale further increases during the festival seasons as different companies offer
discount rates and gifts along with washing machines and some of the best deals can be made.
From a very crude look in the beginning it has transformed into very stylish one. Now it ranges
from washing machine to washer dryers with front loading, top loading etc. In earlier times
market for washing machines in India was not very lucrative. But with the introduction of the
Japanese product in the country this sector has got boost. Videocon introduced India's first
washing machine in 1988 in collaboration with Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd, Japan.
Now there are many brands operating at present in India covering almost all the segments of the
society.
Godrej is one of the leading brands that has fully automatic and semi automatic washing
machines with different capacities. Godrej prides in having fully automatic, semi automatic and
front-loading washing machine for the cleanest wash. Along with these Hitachi, IFB, Ken star
are also giving the best possible washing machines in India. Most of the machines now have the
facility of both washing and dyers. They wash your clothes and also make them dry. Online
reviews on different types of washing machine help customer to select the best possible product.
Every brand has its service centers in almost all the major cities in India. Service centers are
generally located by keeping in mind the number of consumers in a particular area. They provide
full help in case the appliance does not work well. They contain spare parts of their respective
brand. Washing machine prices vary with different brand and model. Almost all the companies
have the facility to take payment in installments. Loans are also available from different banks to
buy washing machines in India
During the last few years, the market for consumer durables has grown tremendously. It is a fully
automatic segment, which in recent times has been getting the attention of both the
manufacturers as well as the buyers. The customer has now a plethora of world class brands to
choose from. The trends have also indicated a shift from three to four kg capacity machines to
larger ones.
The emerging new technologies in the washing machines are aero power, triple cascade tornado
wash, digital intelligence, unique optical sensor etc. Gradually these new concepts are being
introduced by the companies.
2.3-HISTORY OF FURNITURE INDUSTRY
Example of ancient furniture are extremely rare but there is considerable knowledge of the price
made by craftsmen in china ,India Egypt Mesoptamia,Grece and Rome from pictorial
representation .Bed Tables Chair Stools and other pieces were nearly always made of nature
wood, though veneering was knowing in Egypt,where it was use to produces coffin case of great
durability. To Roman too use veneers, though chiefly for decorative purpose. Bronze was also
use in Roman table, stool, and couch frames. Pompeian wall painting show that plain
undecorated wooden table and benches were standard in kitchens and workshops and that
paneled cupboards were common. Chests for valuable were covered with plates or bound with
iron.
The early Middle age were much poorer in household furnishing of every kind than the Roman
world but in the 14th and 15th century an growing affluence brought a major revival of furniture
making with many new types of cupboards box with compartment and various sorts desk
appearing. The religious house in particular were well supplied with furniture
The growing sophistication in technique brought revolutionary change in the men who made
furniture. Where previously carpenter and joiner had made furniture along with every kind of
building construction in wood ,several circumstance combined to create a new profession that of
cabinetmaker. The most of important technical factor was the introduction ,or reintroduction, of
veneering, first in western Europe, then in Britain ,North America and elsewhere.
India is a land of wonderful and marvelous artistic work of wood. The rich handicraft and
beautiful traditional attributes of art and design have established a reputation of Indian Furniture
Industry in the nation and worldwide. The exceptional designs, rich, compact, and luxurious
trends and, not the least, the supreme quality have given elegance to the furniture segment in the
traditional as well as modern aspect.
The fast emerging concept of standard lifestyle, interior designing, sense of comfort and
architecture has given Furniture Industry an essential ever growing platform and thus
empowering the industry to be termed as great manufacturers and exporters of grand quality
furniture in terms of art, style, technology and beauty. And of course, globalization and media
are also strong factors to give rise to the industry. The strongest factor for this upraise is the huge
investment done by the foreign manufacturers and the credit definitely goes to versatile range of
products by the industry.
The Indian wooden furniture industry is generating approximately a turnover of Rs 3,500 crore
annually. The market of wooden furniture solely owns the share of nearly Rs 60 crore. And as
per one of the survey done recently, the industry is expected to grow by 20 percent in coming
times.
The market development of the industry has enhanced the leading foreign brands to budget in
their confidence and money in Indian Furniture Industry. The world market now feels pleasure
and confident to join hands with Indian Furniture brands, to name few are Godrej & Boyce
Manufacturing Co. Ltd., Furniturewala, Zuari, Yantra, Renaissance, N R Jasani & Company,