Introduction and Orientation Sept. 10, 2009 C. Burns 1
Introduction and Orientation
Sept. 10, 2009 C. Burns 1
Study of structures of organisms and relationships among structures.
Sept. 10, 2009C. Burns 2
Study of structure of human organisms and relationships among structures.
Mammals similar to human Comparison useful to illustrate
functional & evolutionary significance of human structure.◦ Shared features, with differences
vertebral column gluteal muscles frontal lobe of cerebrum
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Study of functional "nature" of organisms
Normal function of an organism or cell.
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Organization Life organized in hierarchy of levels
◦ Smaller levels included within larger◦ Certain phenomena unique to each level
Metabolism◦ Take in & use energy and material◦ Responsiveness to stimuli◦ Movement◦ Growth◦ Reproduction (DNA, RNA)◦ Adaptability
short-term = acclimation, homeostasis long-term = adaptation, evolution
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Levels of Structural Organization Include:
Atoms- tiny blocks of matter that combine to form molecules such as water, sugar and proteins.
Molecules- particle consisting of 2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
Cells- the smallest units of all living things.Tissues- consist of groups of similar cells that have a common
function. Example: muscle tissue.Organ- a structure that is composed of 2 or more tissue types and
performs a specific function for the body. Example: small intestine.Organ System- a group of organs that cooperate to accomplish a
common purpose. Example: digestive system.Organism-the highest level of structural organization, an individual
living thing.
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