Introduction and history of computers.

Introduction and History of Computers.

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What Is Computer ?

A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information or data according to the programmer’s instruction.

CHARACTARISTICS

• Automatic• Speed• Accurate• Diligence• Versatility• High memory• No I.Q• No feeling

CLASSIFICATOIN OF COMPUTER

According To Work Function :1 . Super Computer

2 .Mainframe computer

3. Mini Computer

4 . Micro Computer

According To The Portability :1.Desktop

2 . Laptop

3 . Palmtop

According To The Technology1.Analog Computer

2 . Digital Computer

3 . Hybrid Computer

According To The Purpose1 . General Purpose Computer

2 . Special Purpose Computer

Worlds Smallest pc

It’s increasingly difficult to envision a time when a single computer weighed 30 tons, took up as much space as a full-sized school bus and was much slower than even a modern pocket calculator.

Now this... the M^3 is believed to be the world’s smallest autonomous computer

Did You Know?

Abacus

The abacus is often wrongly attributed to China. In fact, the oldest surviving abacus was used in 300 B.C. by the Babylonians.

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) made drawings of gear-driven calculating machines but apparently never built any.

Napier’s Bones

Napier published his version in 1617 in Radiology printed in Edinburgh, Scotland, dedicated to his patron Alexander Seton

Slide Rule

Napier's invention led directly to the slide rule, first built in England in 1622 and still in use in the 1960's by the NASA engineers of the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs which landed men on the moon.

Blaise Pascal along with Wilhelm Schickard was one of two inventors of the mechanical calculator in the early 17th century. Pascal designed the machine in 1642

Pascal

Around 1725 Punched cards were first used by Basile Bouchon and Jean-Baptiste Falcon (fr) .

Punched Card

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Charles Babbage 1791-1871

Originated the concept of the programmable computer, and designed one in 1833.

The Analytical Engine was a proposed mechanical general-purpose computer designed by English mathematician Charles Babbage. It was first described in 1837 .

Analytical Engine

Hollerith Desk

Hollerith's technique was successful and the 1890 census was completed in only 3 years at a savings of 5 million dollars.

Lowa State University’s role in the digital computing history began in 1937, when a physics professor and an electrical engineering alumnus began working to develop the world’s first electronic digital computer.

Mark 1 Digital Computer

ABC Computer

Being completed by 1942, the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) was the first electronic computer. It was designed and built by John Vincent Atanasoff and his assistant, Clifford

1951 – UNIVAC

First commercial computer Between 1951 and 1958, 47 UNIVAC I computers were delivered.

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1953 – IBM 701 EDPM Computer

IBM enters the market with its first large scale electronic computer.

It was designed to be incomparable with IBM's existing punch card processing system, so that it would not cut into IBM's existing profit sources.

The Intel 8080 ("eighty-eighty") was the second 8-bit microprocessor designed and manufactured by Intel and was released in April 1974.

1974 a 8080 Processor Pc

The First Computer in Bangladesh

The first computer installed in Bangladesh in 1964

Our journey starts in 1940 with vacuum tube circuitry and goes to the present day -- and beyond -- with artificial intelligence.

First Generation Computer Used vacuum tubes Magnetic drums for

memory Generated a lot of heat Relied on machine

language. Input was based on

punched cards and paper tape.

First Generation Computer

Used vacuum tubes Magnetic drums for














ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer)

ENIAC contained 17,468 vacuum tubes, 7,200 crystal diodes, 1,500 relays, 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors and around 5 million hand-soldered joints.

ENIAC could be programmed to perform complex sequences of operations

The UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer I) UNIVAC I used 5,200

vacuum tubes weighed 29,000 pounds

(13 metric tons)

Mercury delay line memory of UNIVAC I

Second Generation Computer

Transistors replaced vacuum tubes.

become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient .

moved from cryptic (ˈkriptik) binary machine language to symbolic, or assembly, languages.



become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient.




become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient .




Become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient .

Moved from cryptic (ˈkriptik) binary machine language to symbolic, or assembly, languages.

Third Generation of Computers

Integrated circuit Silicon chips Increased the speed

and efficiency of computers

Users interacted through keyboards and monitors

Interfaced with an operating system.


























Fourth Generation of Computers

The microprocessor Thousands of

integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip.

Now fit in the palm of the hand.

Fourth Generation of Computers

The microprocessor Thousands of



Fourth Generation of Computers The microprocessor Thousands of integrated

circuits were built onto a single silicon chip.


Fourth Generation of Computers The microprocessor Thousands of



Intel Compute Stick

Intel 4004 Chip

Developed in 1971 Located all the

components of the computer—from the central processing unit and memory to input/output controls—on a single chip.

Fifth Generation of Computing Based on artificial

intelligence Still in development There are some

applications, such as voice recognition.

Fifth Generation of Computing Based on artificial

intelligence Still in development There are some

applications, such as voice recognition

DID YOU KNOW...?

An integrated circuit (IC) is a small electronic device made out of a semiconductor material. The first integrated circuit was developed in the 1950s by Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce of Fairchild

Jack Kilby Robert Noyce

A computer is divided into two parts.1.Hardware and

2.Software.

Hardware

There has three parts such as:1. CPU 2. Input Device3. Output Device

CPU There has RAM, ROM, Video Display, Sound Card, Network

Card.

Input Devices Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Graphics Tablets, OCR,

OMR, Video Camera, VCR are input devices.

Output Devices Monitors, Printer, Plotter, Speaker, LCD Panel and Video Projector are the example of output devices.

Software There are two kind of software,

1. Application Software &2. System Software / Operating System.

Application SoftwareThere has also two parts.1. Package Software &2. Customized Software

Package Software

Microsoft Office, Firefox are the example of Package software.

Customized Software When a user customized a software to solve

problem then that is customized software.

Operating System Windows, IOS, Android, Linux are illustration of

Operating system.

Operating System Windows, IOS, Android, Linux are illustration of Operating

system.

A computer has two kinds of components: Hardware: its CPU, RAM, Disk(s) Software: its OS, Applications, and User Programs.

Summary

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