INTRODUCTINON TO INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Module 1 Session: What is Integrated Water Resources Management?

INTRODUCTINON TO INTEGRATED WATER INTRODUCTINON TO INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENTRESOURCES MANAGEMENT

Module 1 Module 1

Session: What is Integrated Water Session: What is Integrated Water Resources Management?Resources Management?

Module ObjectivesModule Objectives

Understand the main elements of an IWRM Understand the main elements of an IWRM approach to sustainable management of approach to sustainable management of water resources.water resources.

Learn the main basic functions for water Learn the main basic functions for water resources management which need to be resources management which need to be performed at the river basin scale to performed at the river basin scale to implement IWRM.implement IWRM.

Discuss institutional arrangements and Discuss institutional arrangements and introduce a process-thinking to conduct the introduce a process-thinking to conduct the water resources management functions.water resources management functions.

Session 1Session 1

IWRM Concept and Focus on Integrated IWRM Concept and Focus on Integrated River Basin PlanningRiver Basin Planning

IWRMIWRM

IWRM is primarily concerned with planning and IWRM is primarily concerned with planning and management of a basin’s shared resources for the management of a basin’s shared resources for the benefit of all of the basin states.benefit of all of the basin states.

Its basis is that the many different uses of water Its basis is that the many different uses of water resources are interdependent. That is evident to us all. resources are interdependent. That is evident to us all. High irrigation demands and polluted drainage flows from High irrigation demands and polluted drainage flows from agriculture mean less freshwater for drinking or industrial agriculture mean less freshwater for drinking or industrial use; contaminated municipal and industrial wastewater use; contaminated municipal and industrial wastewater pollutes rivers and threatens ecosystems; if water has to pollutes rivers and threatens ecosystems; if water has to be left in a river to protect fisheries and ecosystems, less be left in a river to protect fisheries and ecosystems, less can be diverted to grow crops. can be diverted to grow crops.

Key Issues in Water Resource Key Issues in Water Resource ManagementManagement

Water governance crisis Water governance crisis Securing water for people Securing water for people Securing water for food production Securing water for food production Protect vital ecosystems, Protect vital ecosystems, Gender disparitiesGender disparities

Watershed Functions

Economic

• Produce food, timber, fish, hydro power

• Sustain livelihoods

• Support income generation

Ecological

• Ensure water flow and quality within the watershed and further downstream

• Provide erosion control, soil fertility, biodiversity, clean air, carbon sequestration

Social and Cultural

• Support indigenous culture and livelihoods

• Provide recreational opportunities

SustainableDevelop-

ment

The function of watersheds is the sustainable provision of goods and services.

Reference: Tuyll, C. 2007: MRC GTZ Watershed Management Programme – Consultative Meeting. Capacity Building Package 1. Power Point Presentation.

IWRM FrameworkIWRM Framework

Major Components of IWRMMajor Components of IWRM

Enabling EnvironmentEnabling Environment Policies – set goals for water use, protection and conservation. Legislative framework – the rules to follow to achieve policies

and goals. Financing and incentive structures – allocate financial

resources to meet water needs. Management InstrumentsManagement Instruments

the elements and methods that enable and help decision‐makers to make rational and informed choices between alternative actions

Institutional rolesInstitutional roles this is ‘the range of political, social, economic and administrative

systems that are in place

In the context of MRC In the context of MRC

IWRM focuses on transboundary issues IWRM focuses on transboundary issues and issues which have implications for the and issues which have implications for the basin as a wholebasin as a whole

IWRM is built upon a strategic approach to IWRM is built upon a strategic approach to managing shared resources which managing shared resources which maximises the potential for the benefit for maximises the potential for the benefit for all basin states. all basin states.

The Goal of Integrated River Basin Planning

The goal of Integrated River Basin Planning is to The goal of Integrated River Basin Planning is to

plan for the sustainable use and development of plan for the sustainable use and development of

the water and related resources of a river basin.the water and related resources of a river basin.

This goal is consistent with the MRC 1995 This goal is consistent with the MRC 1995

AgreementAgreement

This goal recognises that the sustainable This goal recognises that the sustainable

development development of the peopleof the people is linked to the is linked to the

sustainable sustainable development of the land and waterdevelopment of the land and water

Towns

Wetlands

What is a River Basin ?

Irrigation

Highland areas

Agricultural land

Capture fishery

Dam

Catchments are:

• the land area which collects the rainfall,

• the main stem of the river, the tributaries and groundwater systems that carry the water;

• the floodplain and the wetlands which receive the water

Relationships between Watersheds and Administrative Hierarchies

Reference: Tuyll, C. 2007: MRC GTZ Watershed Management Programme – Consultative Meeting Viet Nam April 2007. Power Point Presentation.

Government

Private Sector

NGOs

UserOrganisations

Country

Province

District

Commune

Energy Interior

Agriculture ForestryWater

Resources

Rural Development

PlanningWomen's

AffairsLand

Management

Horizontal consistency

Vert

ical con

sis

ten

cy

NationalRiver Basin Organisation

WatershedCommittee

CatchmentGroup

RegionalRiver Basin Organisation

Institutional consistency

Government

Private Sector

NGOs

UserOrganisations

Government

Private Sector

NGOs

UserOrganisations

Government

Private Sector

NGOs

UserOrganisations

Sectors Involved:

The Mekong Basin is an International River Basin

Each nation makes a contribution to water flow in the Mekong River:

China 16%Myanmar 2%Laos 35%Thailand 18%Cambodia 18%Viet Nam 11%

The Mekong River Basin is an The Mekong River Basin is an international river basininternational river basin

Different governments Different governments are responsible for the are responsible for the planning and planning and management of management of different parts of the different parts of the BasinBasin

River Basin plans must River Basin plans must provide benefits to all provide benefits to all nationsnations

Benefits come from the Benefits come from the use of the water use of the water resources of the Basinresources of the Basin

Benefits come fromBenefits come from

•Water quantity

•Water quality

•Water flow regime

Session 2: Transboundary Session 2: Transboundary ImpactsImpacts

People gain many benefits from the water which flows People gain many benefits from the water which flows across boundaries but can also have impacts on water across boundaries but can also have impacts on water

resourcesresources

1

Table 1.1: Impact of water use sectors on water resources

Positive Impacts Negative Impacts

EnvironmentPurificationStorageHydrological cycle

Agriculture Return flowsIncreased infiltrationDecreased erosionGroundwater rechargeNutrient recycling

DepletionPollutionSalinisationWater loggingErosion

Water supply & sanitation

Nutrient recycling High level of water security requiredSurface and groundwater pollution

Why plan the Mekong River Basin ?Why plan the Mekong River Basin ?

People now have a much greater impact People now have a much greater impact on the quantity, quality and flow regime of on the quantity, quality and flow regime of the Mekong Riverthe Mekong River Population has grown Population has grown The way agriculture is produced is changingThe way agriculture is produced is changing There is increased development on the There is increased development on the

floodplainsfloodplains

Session 3: IWRM Principles and Steps in Session 3: IWRM Principles and Steps in Integrated River Basin PlanningIntegrated River Basin Planning

IWRM Principles: A meeting in Dublin in IWRM Principles: A meeting in Dublin in 19921992

1:1: Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource, essential Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource, essential to sustain life, development and the environment.to sustain life, development and the environment.

2: 2: Water development and management should be based Water development and management should be based on a participatory approach, involving users, planners on a participatory approach, involving users, planners and policymakers at all levels.and policymakers at all levels.

33: Women play a central part in the provision, management : Women play a central part in the provision, management and safeguarding of water.and safeguarding of water.

4: 4: Water has an economic value in all its competing uses Water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should beand should be recognised as an economic good as well recognised as an economic good as well as a social good.as a social good.

The objectives ofThe objectives ofthe Mekong River Integrated River Basin Plan the Mekong River Integrated River Basin Plan

are given in the MRC Agreementare given in the MRC Agreement

Article 2: “promote, support, cooperate and Article 2: “promote, support, cooperate and coordinate in the development of the full coordinate in the development of the full potential of sustainable benefits to all riparian potential of sustainable benefits to all riparian States and the prevention of wasteful use of the States and the prevention of wasteful use of the Mekong River Basin waters, with emphasis on Mekong River Basin waters, with emphasis on joint and/or basin wide development projects….” joint and/or basin wide development projects….”

Key points:Key points: Cooperation and coordination,Cooperation and coordination, Sustainable benefitsSustainable benefits Prevention of wasteful usePrevention of wasteful use Emphasis on joint and/or basin wide development Emphasis on joint and/or basin wide development

projectsprojects

Water & Agriculture

Integrated management

Management instruments Water

Supply and Wastewater

Policy and legal framework

Institutional framework

Infrastructure

Water & Environ-

ment

Water for other uses

Proce sses

Negoti ation

Impact

Information

Management

Mon

itorin

g

Institu

tion

al D

evelo

pm

en

t / Cap

acity

Bu

ildin

g

GovernancePolicies / Rule of Law

/ Decentralisation, etc.

Main

ten

an

ce o

f Wate

rshed

Fun

ction

s

PlanningLand Use Planning,

District/Village Deve-lopment Planning,

Watershed/Catchment Planning , etc.

Sta

ndar

ds

Implementation

Land Mgt, Forestry, Agriculture, etc.

Gu

idelin

es

Lessons Learnt

Watershed Management System

Reference: Tuyll, C. 2005: Watershed Management in the Lower Mekong Basin – Setting the Scene. PPP. 2nd Policy Dialogue. Vientiane.