Introducing some ILRI and CGIAR activities in Ethiopia

Introducing some ILRI and CGIAR activities in Ethiopia

SDC visit to the ILRI Ethiopia campus 16 July 2015

Siboniso Moyo, Barbara Wieland, Carlo Fadda (Bioversity International), Simon Langan (IWMI), Andrew Mude and Peter Ballantyne

Agenda

Introductions

A CGIAR campus

Research insights • Genetics: boosting rural livelihoods • Healthy animals and people in value chains • Nutrition security • Water and natural resources • Drylands and resilience: public-private and regional actions

Q&A

Addis Ababa – A CGIAR campus

Hosted here:

11 CGIAR centres

1 int. ag research

2 CGIAR investors

Close neighbours:

EIAR

MOA

FAO

Hotspot for CGIAR research programs

• Agriculture for Nutrition and Health

• Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security

• Dryland Systems • Genebanks • Humidtropics • Livestock and Fish • Maize • Policies, Institutions, and

Markets • Water, Land and Ecosystems

ILRI’s roles in the CGIAR

• Livestock are part of many other issues and agendas. Thus ILRI contributes to different CGIAR programs:

• Leads Livestock and Fish CRP

• Humidtropics and Drylands systems

• WLE and CCAFS – livestock and land/water; and climate change

• A4NH – leads on infectious diseases and zoonoses

• PIM – especially value chain development

• Genebanks – we maintain tropical forage crops gene bank

• Addis campus – CGIAR reform process in view

Provides food and nutritional security BUT overconsumption can cause obesity

Powers economic development BUT equitable development can be a challenge

Improves human health BUT animal-human/emerging diseases and unsafe foods

Enhances the environment BUT pollution, land/water degradation, GHG emissions and biodiversity loss

Livestock opportunities and challenges

ILRI strategic objectives

• Develop, test, adapt and promote science-based practices

• Provide compelling scientific evidence for decision-makers

• Increase the capacities of ILRI’s key stakeholders so they can make better use of livestock science and investments for better lives through livestock.

ILRI in Ethiopia – project snapshots

BecA – advanced biosciences research platform in Nairobi

Forage genebank: genetic resource for the world’s tropical livestock

LMP: developing livestock and livestock research priorities for Ethiopia’s 2nd GTP

Feedseed: catalyzing business opportunities in the feed subsector

Africa RISING: sustainable intensification for smallholders in Ethiopia Highlands

LIVES: livestock and irrigated crops value chains and market linkages for smallholders

1. Boni: Livestock serving women and with private sector

2. Barbara: Healthy animals; healthy

people

3. Carlo: Nutrition security

4. Simon: Water a key resource

5. Andrew: IBLI PPP model for dry areas

6. Boni: Horn of Africa resilience

consortium

7. Q&A

research insights

Genetics: boosting rural livelihoods

African Chicken Genetic Gains

• Catalyzes public-private partnerships to increase smallholder chicken production and productivity growth

Key elements

1. High-producing genetics adapted to low-input production systems;

2. Farmer-preferred breeds;

3. Solutions developed along the value chain;

4. Public-private partnership to improve, multiply, and deliver;

5. Women at the centre to ensure success

ACGG: indigenous breeds to empower smallholders; private sector key in delivery

CRP Livestock and Fish: transforming value chains, ‘by and for the poor’

Value Chain Transformation and Scaling

Systems Analysis for Sustainable Innovation

Transforming value chains, ‘by and for the poor’

Animal Health

Genetics

Feeds and forages

Technologies

Livestock CRP: animal health focus

Economic and social impact of

health constraints

Access to services and

products for the poor (PPPs)

Technologies

One Health: healthy animals healthy people

Interventions

• Control of zoonoses

• Meat inspection

• Milk safety (Abergelle, Borana)

• Food safety

• Aflatoxins

Food system biodiversity and nutrition we’ve shown that as diversity in national food supplies increases, % stunting decreases

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Supply Diversity (Shannon diversity)

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Ethiopia: low diversity in food supply, high levels of stunting

• Controlling for # socio-economic factors

• size of bullet = GNI per capita

• Low diet diversity in Ethiopia is also well reported on at individual and household level (e.g. Headey 2014, Hirvonen et al. 2014)

Leverage points to increase biodiversity for healthy diets and sustainable food systems in Ethiopia

Focus areas

Approach

• Whole-diet

approach

• People centered

• Landscape focus

Dietary diversity

Nutrient-rich foods

Sustainable diets

and food systems

Nutrition-sensitive

landscapes

Nutrition-sensitive landscapes

Overall hypotheses

• Changing dietary patterns and food systems is a critical

pathway to environmental restoration and improving

human health

• Environmental restoration and management of

agricultural landscapes is a critical pathway to improve

human nutrition and health

Environment farming & food

systems Human nutrition

& health

Agricultural biodiversity: at the nexus of dietary quality and environment

Agriculture without proper management

Loss of nutrients, soil erosion, biodiversity

Declining

crop productivity and diversity

Environmental

degradation

Inadequate diets and malnutrition (state of well-being)

Declining

labour productivity

(Background framework of WLE project in Ethiopia)

Water and natural resources

Access to water a fundamental constraint for food security and development out of poverty in the region.

Specific issues:

• Natural resource management

• Expanding irrigation - Value Chain

• Climate change

• Water- energy nexus

• Governance and transboundary issues

• Capacity development

Ownership and sustainability of solutions is key; collaboration essential

Water partnerships

Donors: • USAID, DFID, BMGF, EU, IFAD, SDC International (Research and Education): • Universities: (Cornell, Wageningen,

Aberdeen, Tanzania, Uganda) • Agencies: FAO, UNEP • CGIAR centres National: • Ministries (MoWIE, MoA) • ATA, NARS, universities Implementers: • CARE, IDE, Send a Cow, development

agents Swiss (!): • University of Bern, ETH Zurich, WLRC

Drylands and resilience – Index-based livestock insurance (IBLI) for pastoralists

• Helps pastoralists cope with drought by protecting livestock – their greatest ‘living’ asset.

• Research launched in 2008, pilot in N Kenya in 2010 and in S Ethiopia in 2012.

• Combines contract design, monitoring and evaluation and impact assessment with capacity development, extension and implementation support and policy and institutional development

Some outcomes • Over 10,000 pastoralists have purchased IBLI in Kenya and Southern Ethiopia.

• IBLI coverage has led to 36% reduction in likelihood of distress livestock sales; and 25% reduction in likelihood of reducing meals as a coping strategy in times of drought.

• IBLI increases investments in maintaining livestock through vet expenditures; it results in increased milk production and incomes.

IBLI in action

IBLI components

• Contract design: Data demands (long term series, reliable, non-manipulable). Contract precision (minimizing “basis risk”, maximizing value)

• Evidence of value and impact: Household level: Welfare improvements, behavioural change. National level: Operational and fiscal efficiency

• Establish informed effective demand: Clientele with little experience with any insurance. Extension, capacity development, marketing.

Low cost delivery mechanisms (supply chain): Build critical mass of clients/recipients. Sales transactions platforms, information and extension, indemnity payments

Policy and institutional development: Regulations, oversight, effective public provision etc.

IBLI partners

• With sales since 2012 in Borana, Ethiopia, IBLI has insured 2,613

pastoralists with livestock valued at $1.15M (15 x/r) and has paid out

$31K in indemnities through Oromia Insurance Co. Looking to expand to

other pastoral regions of Ethiopia

• With sales since 2010 in Kenya, IBLI has insured 7,454 pastoralists

with livestock valued at $3.5M (75 x/r) and has paid out $141K in

indemnities through TIA, APA, and UAP. IBLI is present in 5

counties and expanding to more in late 2015.

• With the World Bank and the Government of Kenya, the Kenya

Livestock Insurance Program will launch in August/September 2015.

• It will offer limited IBLI 5000 contracts to targeted individuals in

Northern Kenya with possible subsidies to the general public in later

years.

Drylands and resilience – Technical Consortium for Building Resilience in the Horn of Africa

• ILRI-hosted; a project of the CGIAR to provide technical support to IGAD member states to help implement their Arid and Semi-Arid Lands’ (ASAL) investment plans.

• Provides tools, analytical frameworks, datasets and decision support so donors, NGOs, development partners and national governments can improve TARGETING, monitor progress, and measure the IMPACT of their investments and interventions to enhance resilience in the Horn of Africa

• Multiple partners from academia, international research organizations, international development consultancy and NGOs.

TC partners: serving IGAD member states

Key points

• Strong and evolving partnerships – national, with government at all levels; CGIAR

• Growing opportunities with private sector - input supplies, processing and post-harvest, service delivery, using ICT, insurance, cooperatives …

• Farmers themselves, in Ethiopia, becoming more and more market oriented

• Scope to cooperate more with Swiss expertise

AGREEMENT ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL LIVESTOCK RESEARCH

INSTITUTE

Q&A

• Boni Moyo, ILRI Director General’s representative in Ethiopia

• Barbara Wieland, ILRI

• Carlo Fadda, Country Director, Bioversity International

• Simon Langan, Head of Office Nile Basin and East Africa, International Water Management Institute

• Andrew Mude, ILRI

• Peter Ballantyne, ILRI

Science for a

food-secure future