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1. Essay and Short Answer Questions for Intro to Tourism
Chapter 1,2,4,5
2.
Define tourism.
Tourism may be defined as the processes, activities, and
outcomes arising from the relationships and the interactions among
tourists, tourism suppliers, host governments, host communities,
and surrounding environments that are involved in the attracting
and hosting of visitors.
3.
2. Successful tourism requires positive attitudes and
contributions from several groups. Name these groups and explain
how each group views tourism.
The tourist. Seeks psychic and physical experiences. The type
of satisfactions sought will depend on the destinations and
activities chosen.
The businesses serving tourists. They see tourism as an
opportunity to make a profit by providing the goods and services
demanded by tourists.
The government of the host community. Politicians view tourism
as an opportunity for economic development, for jobs and income for
their citizens, and tax collections.
The host community. They see tourism as a means for employment,
to help pay taxes, and creation of facilities and services that
also benefit them.
4.
Why is the United Nations World Tourism Organization interested
in standard definitions?
UNWTO is a United Nations organization. Thus it is concerned
with how this industry impacts the world economy and world peace.
It must have standardized statistics so that each year can be
compared with previous ones to see how the industry is trending and
progressing, and so that the performance of different countries can
be analyzed in a meaningful way.
5.
Why must a national tourism organization classify tourists and
other visitors?
Many people traveling in a country are not tourists, such as
commuters, transportation crews, temporary workers, migrants, and
students studying at a school of some kind. The national tourism
organization spends money on promotion. Thus, they need to know how
this marketing effort is paying off and must identify bona fide
tourists in order to make such an evaluation.
6.
Why do Goeldner and Ritchie state that the systems approach is
probably the most needed approach to study this subject?
Because tourism is an interdisciplinary approach that
integrates the other approaches into a unified whole. It is
organized to accomplish a set of goals. It is comprehensive and
deals with both micro and macro issues. Also, it operates within
and relates to a countrys other systems such as legal, political,
economic and social.
7.
How can the cost/problems of tourism be reduced and
minimized?
By good planning, intelligent sustained development, and by
making tourism part of an areas overall development plan.
8.
Explain the position of tourism in the United States
economy?
Tourism is ranked as the third largest industry behind food and
automobile sales. In employment this industry is second after
health services with tourism employment totaling over 7.5 million
persons.
9. Chapter 2
10.
Explain the similarities between pleasure travel during Roman
Empire times and now.
The Romans visited famous temples, the monuments of Egypt, the
Olympic Games, seaside resorts and medical baths. They used
guidebooks and left graffiti. Todays travelers enjoy very similar
activities but in modern settings with far superior information,
counseling, guidebooks, transportation facilities and
accommodations.
11.
2.Why was pleasure travel practically eliminated during the
Dark Ages?
When the Roman Empire collapsed in the 4th and 5th centuries,
it spelled disaster for pleasure travel in Europe. Such travel does
require safety, prosperity, leisure, and desire to see new places
and cultures, peace, and desire for recreational activities. All of
these necessary factors were practically eliminated in the wake of
the Roman Empire disintegration. Travel became dangerous and not a
bit pleasurable for those who had to travel. Also inns were
terrible.
12.
Christian churches and monasteries (hospices) played an
important part in early tourism. Provide at least three (3) details
of this.
Monasteries and churches provided shelter, food, even doctors
as well as sometimes loans to travelers. Facilities were quite
adequate. The well off were expected to leave a generous donation
upon departure. Poor people were not expected to pay because a part
of the religious belief was to help those who needed it. Ultimately
these functions became burdensome to the churches, and they
referred travelers to inns and taverns in increasing numbers. The
best known hospice was that of the Great Saint Bernard in the
French Alps with their big rescue dogs.
13. Chapter 4
14. 1. What is the United Nations World Tourism Organization?
Who are the members? What does the organization do? UNWTO is the
only organization representing all national and official interests.
Private commercial interests are allied members. UNWTO recommends
positive measures for UN member countries which are desirous of
expanding and improving their tourism. They also attempt to
harmonize tourism policies of the various countries and to
facilitate the movement of people between countries. Also UNWTO is
a specialized agency of the UN helping to resolve any tourism
problems.
15. 2.Why should a hotel or restaurant be a member of a state
or regional tourism organization? Provide three (3) compelling
reasons. 1.The hotel or restaurant would receive a share of the
increased tourist business due to the promotional efforts of the
organization. 2.Other tourist and non-tourist businesses in the
community would also benefit from the work of the organization. 3.A
regional association works to attract visitors to this particular
destination. It helps to meet competition and receive a larger
share of the tourist business. 4.It involves the management staff
in tourism affairs and thus increases interest in attracting
visitors and making the community more stimulating and
attractive.
16. Chapter 5
17.
1. In what ways has the English Channel rail tunnel stimulated
European tourism?
This highly publicized and amazing technical achievement has
generated widespread interest in travel. It has especially
stimulated travel from Britain to the countries of continental
Europe, especially France, and to Britain from these areas. Also,
the time savings made possible by the Chunnel has increased demand.
The novelty of traveling by high-speed train under the Channel will
further stimulate interest in using this unique route.
18.
Match the identities of the following organizations:
FAA improves airports and hires air controllers.
ABA a group aiding the motor coach industry.
ATA an association of U.S. air carriers.
AAA worlds largest tourism membership group.
CLIA an association of cruise lines.
19.
3. List at least five (5) services you would expect from your
state AAA affiliated automobile club.
1. world-wide travel services similar to a travel agency.
2. emergency road service.
3. auto insurance.
4. tour books (travel guidebooks).
5. group tours.
6. travelers checks.
20. 4.State the meaning of open skies agreements. What effects
are they expected to produce? Open skies agreements are accords
made between two countries that abolish all legal and diplomatic
barriers hindering airlines passenger travel. Such agreements will
increase the efficiency of international airline operations,
increase competition, and greatly improve interconnectedness.
Enacting many such agreements would considerably stimulate global
tourism.