K. Lakshmi Kalpana Roy
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K. Lakshmi Kalpana Roy
Session 1 – Focal areaSession 1 – Focal area
• Network• Internet– The History– Terminologies– Services
• Facilities for communication over internet– Tools for Communication over internet• Synchronous Tools Chat, Videoconference• Asynchronous Tools Email, Blog, News group
NetworkNetwork
• A group of computers and associated devices that are connected by communications facilities
More about networksMore about networks
• Involve permanent connections or temporary connections.
• centralized network – a central computer a server– other computers nodes
• Small or large• Provide the means of communicating and
transferring information electronically• Communication simple user-to-user
messages or distributed processes
InternetInternet
• network of networks that are– interconnected physically;– capable of communicating and sharing data with
each other; and– able to act together as a single network
• largest network communication can take place even though computers are physically apart.
Internet – Its HistoryInternet – Its History
• 1969 U.S. Department of Defense ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency NETwork)
• Next two decades Academic institutions, Scientists, the Govt. for research and communications
• 1992 commercial entities offered Internet to general public
Internet TerminologiesInternet Terminologies
1. Website2. Web Page3. Browsing4. Web Server5. Web Browser6. URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
Internet Terminologies - continues
7. ISP (Internet Service Provider)8. Modem (MOdulator - DEModulator)9. Protocol10.HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) -
http://www.yahoo.com11.TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/
Internet Protocol)
Services offered by the Internet
Services offered by the Internet
• E-mail (Electronic mail)• WWW (World Wide Web)• Gopher• FTP (File Transfer Protocol)• Usenet• Telnet
Facilities for Communication over
the Internet
Facilities for Communication over
the Internet
CommunicationCommunication
• A process of exchanging information, ideas, thoughts, opinion and emotions through speech, signals, writing or behavior
ChannelChannel
Encodes Encodes informationinformation
Decodes Decodes informationinformation
• Real time communication; same time but different places
• Advantage engage people directly at same time.
• Disadvantages – requires same time participation.– Conflict in time schedule; different time zone– Costly– Significant bandwidth
ChatChat
• any kind of communication over internet• offers an instantaneous transmission of text-
based messages from sender to receiver.
More about ChatMore about Chat
• a service offered by some ISPs & some internet sites
• Sets space in which two or more users can meet in a real time
• point-to-point communications or multicast communications
• Public and private chat rooms multiple participants
• Some chat rooms use both text and voice simultaneously
Instant Messaging (IM) Instant Messaging (IM)
• another form of chat.• one-to-one communication • started when the users are simultaneously
online
• Google Talk • Skype • Windows Live Messenger • Yahoo! Messenger
Software for ChattingSoftware for Chatting
Graphical multi-user environments
Graphical multi-user environments
• add graphical background 2D or 3D (employing virtual reality technology)
• users to create or build their own spaces• visual chat rooms audio and video
communications
TeleconferencingTeleconferencing
• use of electronic transmission to permit same time, different place meeting.
• live exchange of information • persons and machines linked by a
telecommunications system• Teleconferencing Audio conferencing,
Video Conferencing and Audio graphic Conferencing
VideoconferencingVideoconferencing
• The conduct of a videoconference (also known as video teleconference) by a set of telecommunication technologies which allow two or more locations to communicate by simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions.
• interactive meeting • two or more groups of people see using
television screens• simulates a face-to-face meeting • no travel• Saves time and energy
The Hardware for VideoconferenceThe Hardware for Videoconference
• A camera• A headset• Network• Screen• Projector
What are possible through video conference?
What are possible through video conference?
• Conducting interview• Organising meeting and lectures• Business marketing• Teaching• Discussion
Video Conferencing in Education
Video Conferencing in Education
• connects remote students to teachers• leads students on virtual tours• Video conferencing lessons ignite interest
and enthusiasm for learning
• Different time- different place mode• User’s own convenience and schedule• Advantage involve people from multiple time
zones. • Disadvantages – No immediate feedback is possible.– Difficult to keep track of collaboration– Technology can be costly.– Information must be organized and searchable or it
is lost.
E-mail (Electronic mail)E-mail (Electronic mail)
• One of the first services offered by internet• Allows sending information from one person
to another, or to many others through computer.
• Login name network user• Electronic mail box with that name• E-mail standards
Discussion on e-mailDiscussion on e-mail
• Group e-mail account create collaborative groups
• Reflectors/ exploders• Redistribute mail automatically• Any user can join the mailing list• Receive announcement/ advertisements/ e-
journals/ newsletters
• Rich learning experience• Communicate with tutor• Interact and explore on topics• Feedback mechanism
Advantages of E-mailAdvantages of E-mail
• Fast and cheap • compose & review message before sending • Ideal for international communications • check from anywhere in the world; • include all or part of previous messages.• send same message to predefined.• include attached files• paste from other applications directly
Disadvantages of e-mailDisadvantages of e-mail
• don't know when/if your message has been read
• Privacy issues • Easy to get swamped
E-mail for EducationE-mail for Education
• feedback and communication tool• Case Study: The Open University, UK– Faster assignment return; immediate feedback– Robust model for queries, with greater reliability– Increased interaction with tutor and students;– Extending learning experiences beyond tutorial– Communication
• Student-Student• Student-Teacher• Teacher-Parent
BlogBlog
• Web Log• Web site on which individual/ group of users
record opinions, information, etc. on a regular basis.
• Entries journal style • reverse chronological order (Latest first)• commentary or news on a particular subject• text, images, links to other blogs, web pages• one-way communication
• Photoblog photographs• Vlog video• Podcasting audio
Educational blogs Educational blogs
• communication space teachers utilise with students
• share ideas, reflect on work done in the classroom
• empowers the students to write and communicate.
News group News group
• a discussion about a particular subject consisting of information hosted on a central website and redistributed through Usenet, a worldwide network of news discussion groups
• like an electronic public notice board • post or read a message• Subscribe to news groups• newsreader automatically downloads new
messages or "posts"
News group for EducationNews group for Education
• electronic discussion groups for course subjects
• local and distance students
PostPost
• message on a newsgroup • Article• Any new post or a response to previous post• Reply to a post creates a thread
Who supervise the news group?
Who supervise the news group?
• moderated by an instructor or student monitor
• previews all postings• decides and chooses which postings are valid
and appropriate • provide input to the discussions• leads discussions in a certain direction
Website on news group for education
Website on news group for education
• misc.education - educational system. • misc.education.adult - Adult education and adult literacy
practice/research • misc.education.home-school.misc - anything about home-
schooling. • misc.education.medical - medical education. • misc.education.multimedia - Multimedia for education• misc.education.science - science education.• edu.school.el.th101 - Education school electronics theory
101
Session 2 – Focal areaSession 2 – Focal area
• INFLIBNET• N-LIST• Shodhganga• Digital Library Consortium• SOUL
• E-Learning• Web Search Engine
INFormation and LIbrary NETwork (INFLIBNET)
INFormation and LIbrary NETwork (INFLIBNET)
• 1991 a major National Programme by UGC• Head Quarters Gujarat University,
Ahmedabad.• Started as a project under IUCAA (Inter
University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)
• 1996 independent Inter-University Centre (IUC)
• creating infrastructure to share library and information resources and services
• Academic and Research Institutions
Objectives of INFLIBNETObjectives of INFLIBNET
• promote and establish communication facilities• Improve information transfer, access, that provide
support to scholarship, learning, research and academic pursuit through cooperation and involvement of agencies
• facilitate academic communication• collaborate with institutions, libraries, information
centres • promote R&D• generate revenue by providing consultancies and
information services
• To establish INFLIBNET– promote and implement computerization of operations ;
follow a uniform standard– evolve a national network interconnecting ; improve
information handling and service– provide reliable access to document collection of libraries
on-line union catalogue of serials, theses/ dissertations, books, monographs and non-book materials, etc.
– develop new methods and techniques for documentation of valuable information ; digital media (Indian languages)
– optimize information resource utilization shared cataloguing, , inter-library loan service, catalogue production, collection development avoid duplication.
– create databases of projects, institutions, specialists, etc. to provide on-line information service
– train and develop human resources computerized library network
N-LISTN-LIST
• UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium• INFLIBNET Centre • INDEST-AICTE Consortium, IIT Delhi
• cross-subscription to e-resources (INDEST-AICTE universities & UGC INFONET technical institutions)
• access to selected e-resources to colleges
Components of N-LISTComponents of N-LIST
ShodhgangaShodhganga
• a reservoir of Indian Electronic Theses by INFLIBNET
• Theses and dissertations rich & unique source of information for research work
• "Shodh" Sanskrit research and discovery• "Ganga“ the holiest, largest, longest of all
rivers in Indian subcontinent symbol of India’s age-long culture and
civilization
• Shodhganga reservoir of Indian intellectual output stored in a repository
• hosted and maintained by INFLIBNET Centre• a platform for research students deposit
Ph.D. theses; make it available to entire scholarly community in open access
Digital Library ConsortiumDigital Library Consortium
• Access to E-resources on Additional IPs • Universities encouraged to purchase
additional IP based Internet bandwidth from ISP
• E-resources IP address of BSNL & also on additional IP
• Not on broad band connectivity
UGC-Infonet UGC-Infonet
• ambitious programme of UGC to interlink all the Universities in the country with state-of-art technology
• w.e.f 1st April 2010• 10 Mbps(1:1) Leased line was being
established in 182 universities by using Fiber to provide Internet Services
• INFLIBNET executing and monitoring the entire project.
SOULSoftware for University
Libraries
SOULSoftware for University
Libraries• state-of-the-art integrated library
management software• Designed and developed by INFLIBNET• user-friendly software developed to work
under client-server environment• compliant to international standards for
bibliographic formats, networking and circulation protocols
• to automate all house keeping operations in library• The latest version of the software i.e. SOUL 2.0 was
released in January 2009• compliant to international standards such as MARC
21 bibliographic format, Unicode based Universal Character Sets for multilingual bibliographic records and NCIP 2.0 and SIP 2 based protocols for electronic surveillance and control
E-libraryE-library
• digital library • Type of retrieval system• organized and structured collection of digital
objects in a distributed environment• Assists users search, evaluate, utilize
resources in any format• Content storage locally or remote
Advantages of e-library Advantages of e-library
• No physical boundary• Round the clock availability• Multiple access• Information retrieval• Preservation and conservation• Space: • Added value• Easily accessible
Web search engineWeb search engine
• web sites that store information and distribute information based on key words
• different from subject directories• spiders or robots computer programs
crawl the Web and log the words on each page
• Search information on the WWW and FTP servers
Search engine – The Concept
Search engine – The Concept
• automated software programs• spiders or bots• build their databases by surveying web pages• Data collected added to the search engine
index• enter a query (input) checked in search
engine's index • best URLs are returned
Basic searching tipsBasic searching tips
• Keep it simple• Add relevant words • Try words that a website would use • Use only the important words • Let Google do the work special type of
search (calculations, weather, etc)
The KeywordsThe Keywords
• search engine an online directory of the websites• words which describe these websites• Words typed by users • most popular relevant keywords• Take care in selecting or choosing a keyword
good keywords make the website popular and famous bad keywords may cause the site to be banned.
Advantages of Search EngineAdvantages of Search Engine• Indexes vast• sophistication of software to precisely describe the information that we
seek.• variety of search engines enriches the Internet• drawn to research-oriented sites. • Wikipedia an open-source online reference site • Used for shopping; Amazon, eBay, and Shopping.com• generate a variety of sources for information. • Results online encyclopedias, news stories, university studies, discussion
boards, personal blogs • aid in organizing information into an organized list.• provide refined or more precise results.
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