INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION - TT · 7 ITU-R P.1812-3 5.3 km/N N N N N 0 ° 90+ ° 360 ° 0 N050.txt DN50.txt LON LAT ° 1,5 ° 90 N050.txt DN50.txt ITU-R P.1144 4 1,5 360

(VHF)

(UHF)

ITU-R P.1812-3(2013/09)

P

iiITU-R P.1812-3

(IPR)

(ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC)1

1 R-ITU

R/go/patents/en-http://www.itu.int/ITU

en/REC-R/publ/int.itu.www://http

BO

BR

BS

BT

F

M

P

RA

RS

S

SA

SF

SM

SNG

TF

V

ITU-R 1

2015

ITU 2015

(ITU)

ITU-R P.1812-3 1

ITU-R P.1812-3

(VHF)(UHF)

ITU-R 203/3

(2013-2012-2009-2007)

MHz 30

GHz 3%p(1% ≤ p ≤ 50%)

Lp)99% ≤ Lp ≤ 1%(

km 0,25

km 3 000km 3

ITU-R P.1546

(VHF)(UHF)

ITU-R P.528

MHz 125GHz 30km 1 800

ITU-R P.452

0,7GHz

ITU-R P.617(PP)

30MHz

100km 1 000

ITU-R P.1411

km 1

2ITU-R P.1812-3

ITU-R P.530

(LoS)

ITU-R P.1546

(VHF)(UHF)

ITU-R P.2001MHz 30

GHz 50

1

VHFR P.844-ITU

1

1

(VHF)(UHF)

%p

)50% ≤ p ≤ 1%(Lp%)99% ≤ Lp ≤ 1%(

(dB)%p

(dB(μV/m))kW 1

dBi 40

dB 1

km 0,25

km 3 000km 3

ITU-R P.1812-3 3

ITU-R P.1546

)50% = Lp(

7

2

(LoS)

4ITU-R P.1812-3

3

1.3

1

1

f GHz 0,03 3,0 (GHz)

p % 1,0 50,0

Lp % 1 99

r, φtφ 80−80+

r, ψtψ 180,0− 180,0

rgh, tgh m 1 3 000

sw m 1 100 27

13.3.4(29a)(29b)(30)

2.3

n

idi )(km)1a(

ihi(m))1b(

igihi(m))1c(

i(1, 2, 3 ... n)

n

nn ≥ 3

km 1

1d1h

nndnh

ITU-R P.1812-3 5

n

(1c)

ih

30

R

7.4

R

R(64b)

R

2

R

6ITU-R P.1812-3

2

(m)

(1c)

i21-n

7.4

(1c)

i1n

0 10 (64b)

0 10 (64b)

10 10 (64a)

15 15 (64a)

20 20 (64a)

3.3

3

(IDWM)(BR)

km 50

3

A1 m 100

km 50

m 100

A2

B km 100

4.3

B)crd, ctd((km)

ITU-R P.1812-3 7

5.3

Nkm/N

N

0NN

DN50.txtN050.txt0°360°90+°

90° 1,5°LATLON

DN50.txtN050.txt

ITU-R P.1144

4

DN50.txt P.453 90 09 1,5 0 360 1,5

N050.txt P.453 90 09 1,5 0 360 1,5

LAT.txt P.453 90 09 1,5 0 360 1,5

LON.txt P.453 90 09 1,5 0 360 1,5

(1992-1983)

E-I!!ZIP-201309-3-P.1812-REC-R

6.3

0β(%)

N 100km0β

1μ

2,0

354,0496,05–6,6–16

–

1 1010μ

tmd

(2)

1μ)1 1μ(

8ITU-R P.1812-3

41,2000412,0exp1 lmd (3)

tmd (km)

lmd(km)

3tmdlmd

50 km

tmdlmdd

4μ1μ

70for

70for

3,014

|)|0176,0935,0(–14

(4)

0β

70for%μμ17,4

70for%μμ10β

41

4167,1015,0

0 (5)

7.3

50k

N

k

157

15750 (6)

ΔNDN50.txt

ea

km 506371kae )7a(

0a

km ββ 6371ka (7b)

k3,0 = 0

p= a ea50%pa= βa0%β

ITU-R P.1812-3 9

8.3

5

ea(7a)1

4

1.4

bL(dB)

%p%506.4-2.4

(LoS)

10.47.4

11.4

(dB μV/m)kW 1

5

d (km)

lrd, ltd (km)

r, θtθ (mrad)

θ (mrad)

rs, htsh (m)

rc, htch )1g, tsh()ng, rsh(

reh, teh (m)

bd (km)

ω

ddb /

d(km)(73)

= 0

2.4

dB dfLbfs log20log2045,92 (8)

11ITU-R P.1812-3

p0

dB

50log

10–exp–16,2

pddE lrlt

sp (9a)

dB

50

βlog

10exp16,2 0

βlrlt

s

ddE

(9b)

%p

(10) spbfspb ELL 0 dB

0%

(11) sbfsb ELL 0 dB

3.4

(Bullington)

(p = 50%)

(p < 50%)3

0%

0β(5)

%p(1% ≤ p ≤ 50%)

5.3.4

(12)

1,011,0log209,6)(2

J

)0 78),(−0J()ν(J

(ν ≤ −0,78)

ITU-R P.1812-3 11

1.3.4

2.3.4

1.3.4

3.3.41.3.42.3.4

4.3.4%p

1.3.4

m/km

iidkmig m

i1nn

dkm

tshrsh)1–km eC(pa1/pa

pa5.3.4

(13)

i

tciiei

tim d

hdddCgS

500max m/km

i2n – 1

(14) d

hhS tcrc

tr

m/km

1

)trS < timS(

(15)

ii

ircitciiei ddd

d

d

dhddhdddCg

λ

002,0500maxmax

i2n – 1

(16) max JLuc dB

J)12(b0,78

12ITU-R P.1812-3

2

)trS timS(

(17)

i

rciiei

rim dd

hdddCgS

500max m/km

i2n – 1

(18) rimtim

rimtcrcbp SS

dShhd

km

b

(19)

bpbp

bprcbptcbptimtcb ddd

d

d

dhddhdSh

λ

002,0

(20) buc JL dB

ucL)16()20(

(21) dL

LL ucucbull 02,010

6exp1

dB

2.3.4

dsphLp%

tesphhresphh(m)

(22) resphtesph hhad plos 001,0001,02 km

)losd ≥ d(3.3.4)pa = dfta(

dftLdsphLdftL

seh

(23) d

da

dhd

a

dh

h

sep

seresphse

p

setesph

se

1

22

2

21 500500

m

ITU-R P.1812-3 13

:

(24a) )1(2

1 bd

dse km

(24b) 12 sese ddd km

(24c)

3)1(

3

2

3arccos

3

1

3

πcos

3

12

c

c

c

c

m

mc

m

mb

(24d) resphtesph

resphtesph

hh

hhc

(24e) )(

250 2

resphtesphp

chha

dm

reqh

(25) d

ddh sese

req

λ456,17 21 m

)req> h seh(dsphL

emad

(26)

2

500

resphtesph

emhh

da km

3.3.4)ema = dfta(dftL

dftLdsphL

dB dft

req

sedsph L

h

hL

–1 (27)

14ITU-R P.1812-3

3.3.4

2.3.4dftL

dftadfta2.3.4

rε = 22,0 = 0,003 S/m

dftL(29)(36)dftlandL

rε = 80,0 = 5,0 S/m

dftL(29)(36)dftseaL

dB dftlanddftseadft LLL )1( (28)

4/1–

2

23/1– σ18)1–ε(036,0

ffaK rH dft (29a)

2/1

2

2 σ18ε

fKK rHV(29b)

MHz 3001dftB(30)

42

42

53,15,41

67,06,11

KK

KKdft

(30)

KHKVK

(31) da

fX

dft

dft

3/1

2β88,21

ITU-R P.1812-3 15

(32a) tesph

dft

dftt ha

fY

3/12

β9575,0

(32b) resph

dft

dftr ha

fY

3/12

β9575,0

(33)

6,1for 5,6488)log(20

6,1for 6,17)log(1011425,1 XXX

XXXFX

(34)

otherwise)1,0log(20

2 > for 8)1,1log(5)1,1(6,17)(

3

5,0

BB

BBBYG

(35) YB dft

)Y(GKYG log202)(

(36) rtXdft YGYGFL dB

4.3.4

1.3.4

bullaL = bullL)21(

1.3.4ig

(37a) stdtctc hhh ' m

(37b) srdrcrc hhh ' m

stdhsrdh3.6.51

bullsL = bullL(21)

2.3.4dsphL

dkm

(38a) '

tctesph hh m

(38b) '

rcresph hh m

16ITU-R P.1812-3

(39) }0,max{ bullsdsphbullad LLLL dB

5.3.4%p

4.3.4dLea = pa

(7a)50dL = dL

p = %50p%dpL50dL

)< 50% p(p%dpL

4.3.4dL0%

a(7b)0%

dL = dL

iF

)%0β ≥ p > 50%(

(40a)

100

β

100

0I

pI

Fi if %%50 0 p

(40b) = 1 if p %0

I(x)x2

I(x)(x ≤ 0,5)

dpLp%

(41) iddddp FLLLL )–( 5050 dB

iFb)-(40ap0

50bdL

(42) 5050 dbfsbd LLL dB

bfsL(8)

%p

(43) dppbbd LLL 0 dB

p0bL(10)

ITU-R P.1812-3 17

4.4

1%50

p%0,001%50

2

%50

bsL(dB)

p%50

(44)

7,0

0

50log125,10–15,0–θ573,0log201,190

pNdLL fbs dB

fL

(45)

2

2log5,2)log(25

ffL f dB

0N

5.4

baL(dB)

%p

(46) )( pAAL dfba dB

fA

(47) crctsrstlflrltf AAAAAddfA log20log2045,102 dB

lfA

(47a)

GHz0,5fordB

GHz0,5fordB

0

5,920,137375,45 2

f

fff

fAlf

stAsrA

mrad0,fordB

mrad0,fordB

0

3/1,264,0

2/1,361,01log20

,

rt

rtfrtlt,lrdfrt

srstA

(48)

18ITU-R P.1812-3

(48a) mrad1,0–θ, lt,lrt,rrt d

ctA crA

rstscrctct,cr hdA ,

2

, 5007,0tanh125,0exp3– dB for 0,75

(49)

conditionsother allfordB0

km5

fordB5007,0tanh125,0exp3–

75,0ω

,

,,,2

,

, crct

lrltcrctrstscrct

crct d

ddhd

A

(49)

)p( dA

(50) )()( pApA dd dB

d

(51) 3/15–105γ faed dB/mrad

(48a)

(46)

(52) mrad103

rtea

d

(52a)

mrad1,0θfor1,0

mrad1,0θforθ

,

lt,lrt,rlt,lr

lt,lrt,rt,r

rt

dd

d

A(p)

(53) dBβ

12β

log)107,32,1(12)(

Γ

3

pp

dpA

(53a)

13,16–2

012,110)β(log198,0βlog8,4–51,9–exp

βlog–0058,2

076,1Γ d

(54) 320 μμββ %

ITU-R P.1812-3 19

2

(55)

α

2

2

2

500μ

retee hh

d

a

21

(55a) 91,3 10ετ6,0–α d

3,5

(3)α3,4–

3

(56)

m10for)643()10–(106,4–exp

m10for1

μ5–

3

mIm

m

hdh

h

(56a) )40,––(min lrltI dddd km

121

6.4%p%50

%p%50

%p%50

jF

(57)

Θ

Θθξ0,3tanh0,15,00,1

)(jF

Θ0,3

ξ0,8

θ(mrad)8

kF

(58)

sw

swk

d

ddF

)(0,3tanh0,15,00,1

21ITU-R P.1812-3

d(km)3

swd20

κ0,5

p0minbL(dB)

(59)

dBβfor ))ω1((

dBβfor )ω1(

050050

00

0min

pFLLLL

pLL

L

ibddpbbd

dppb

pb

p0bLp%

(10)

0bL0%

(11)

dpLp%(41)

50bdL(42)

iF(40)

minbapL(dB)

(60)

ηexp

ηexplnη

0 pbbabapmin

LLL dB

baL

%p(46)

p0bLp%

(10)

η 2,5

bdaL(dB)

(61)

bdbapminkbapminbdbapmin

bdbapminbd

bda

LLFLLL

LLL

L

for)(

for

dB

ITU-R P.1812-3 21

bdLp%

(43)

minbapL

(60)

kF(58)

d

bamL(dB)

(62) jbdapbminbdamba FLLLL )( 0 dB

bdaL

(61)

p0minbL

(59)

jF(57)θ

%p%50

buL(dB)

(63) bambs LLbuL

2,02,01010log5

dB

bsL

%p(44)

bamL

(62)

7.4

tRrR

htAhrAR2.3

22ITU-R P.1812-3

hA = htAhrAh = tghrghR = tRrR

)R < h(0) = hA(

)R < h(hA2

(64a)

03,6–)( JAh dB

(64b) )/log(– 2 RhKA hh dB

J()(12)

2hK

(64c) clutdifnu hK θ

(64d) hRhdif – m

sdegree

s

dif

clutw

harctanθ (64e)

(64f) )(log2,68,212 fKh

(64g) fKnu 342,0

f(GHz)

sw27

(64a)(Fresnel)

(64b)

R

R

(64b)

R3

8.4

p%%50

bcL(dB)

(65) hrhtbubc AALL dB

ITU-R P.1812-3 23

buLp%%50

(63)

ht,hrA64a64b

8.4

ITU-R P.1406

500m 500

(66) )(log3,1σ fKLL dB

LK =5,1

LK =4,9

LK =4,4

f (GHz)

500m 500

L

dB 4km 2dB 8km 50

Lp%1%99%199%

6

24ITU-R P.1812-3

6

MHz 100 MHz 600 MHz 2 000

(dB) 8,39,5 –

(dB)5,5 5,5 5,5

u(h)

(67)

hRhu

RhRRh

hu

Rhhu

10for 0)(

10for 10

)(1)(

0for 1)(

R(m)

Lσ(66)6)h(u

(67)Lp%%50

9.4

(dB)

7

7

(1)beLbe

FbeL(dB) beσ(dB)

GHz 0,293

GHz 0,6116

GHz 1,511 6

(1)

GHz 0,2beLdB 9beσdB 3GHz 1,5beL11 dB

beσ6 dBGHz 0,2GHz 0,6GHz 0,6GHz 1,5

ITU-R P.1812-3 25

beLbeσbeLbeσ7GHz 0,2GHz 0,6

GHz 0,6)(GHz 1,5

L

be

i

(68) 22beLi dB

Lσ(66)6

MHz 1(VHF)

dB 5,5dB 3dB 6,3IV/V

dB 5,5dB 6dB 8,1

10.4p%Lp%

locLlocσ

dB0locL69a)(

dBbeloc LL (69b)

dBLloc hu σ)(σ (70a)

dBiloc (70b)

beL7)h(u(67)

Lσiσ(66)6(68)

p%Lp%bL (dB)

(71)

loc

Llocbcpbb

pILLLL σ

100,max 0 dB

p0bLp%%50

(10)

bcLp%%50

(65)

locL(69a)(69b)

I(x)x2

I(x)(0,000001 ≤ x ≤ 0,999999)

loc

(70a)(70b)

Lp%1%99%1%99

26ITU-R P.1812-3

11.4%pLp%

kW 1p%%50

pE V/m)μdB(

(72) bp LfE –)log(2036,199 dB(μV/m)

bLp%Lp%

(71)

f (GHz)

1

1

1

8

2

)tt()rr(

m 30km 1

ea(7a)

1

nn1

ITU-R P.1812-3 27

1

P.1812-01

rsh

lrd

hrg

hgr

r

d

d lt

d i

t

tgh

gth

lh

hts

ak

ae

=

·

50

Interfering station (T) Interfered-withstation (R)

i-th terrain point

Note 1 – The value of as drawn will be negative.t

8

8

ea (km)

d (km)

iid (km)

f (GHz)

λ (m)

tsh (m)(amsl)

rsh(m)(amsl)

(R)

i

(T)

1t

28ITU-R P.1812-3

8

tθ (mrad)

rθ (mrad)

θ (mrad)

sth (amsl)(m)

srh (amsl)(m)

ih i(m)

1h

nh

mh (m)

teh (m)

reh (m)

3

)tφtψ(

)rφrψ(

(km) d

(73) ndd km

(74)

iii did 1 km

i= 1niid(km)

4

(LoS)

ea(7a)

(75) tdmax θθ mrad

ITU-R P.1812-3 29

(76) )θ(maxθ1

2i

–n

imax

mrad

ii

(77)

e

i

i

tsii

a

d

d

hh

210arctan1000θ

3 mrad

ihi(m)

tsh(m)

idi(km)

(78)

e

tsrstd

a

d

d

hh

210arctan1000θ

3 mrad

rsh(m)

d(km)

ea)7a(

5

8

1.5t

(79) ),(max tdmaxt mrad

max(76)

2.5ltd

(76)

(80) )(maxforkm iilt dd

i

(80a)

ii

irsitsiiei ddd

d

d

dhddhdddCh

λ

002,0500maxmax

31ITU-R P.1812-3

i21 – neC1.3.4.

1

3.5r

r

(81)

e

rstsr

a

d

d

hh

210arctan1000θ

3 mrad

r

(82) )(θmaxθ1

2j

–n

jr

mrad

(82a)

e

j

j

rsj

ja

dd

dd

hh

210arctan1000θ

3 mrad

4.5lrd

(82)

(83) )(maxforkm– jjlr ddd

lrd

(83a) ltlr ddd – km

5.5(mrad)

(84) rt

ea

dθθ

10θ

3

mrad

6.5

1.6.5

sthsrh

2.6.5tshsrhstdhsrdh

4.3.4.1

stdhsrdhsthsrh

3.6.5sthsrhtehrehmh

5.41

ITU-R P.1812-3 31

1.6.5

n

i

iiii hhddv2

111 (85)

n

i

iiiiiiii ddhddhddv2

11112 22 (86)

m2

221

d

vdvhst (87)

m2

12

d

dvvhsr (88)

sth(m)

srh(m)

2.6.5

obshobtαobrα

m iobs Hh max (89a)

mrad

i

iobt

d

Hmaxα (89b)

mrad

i

iobr

dd

Hmaxα (89c)

:

m

d

dhddhhH ircitc

ii

(89d)

i2(n – 1)

obsh

(90a) ststp hh m amsl

(90b) srsrp hh m amsl

32ITU-R P.1812-3

(90c) tobsststp ghhh m amsl

(90d) robssrsrp ghhh m amsl

obrobt

obttg

αα

α

e)0(9

obrobt

obrrg

αα

α

f)0(9

stph1h

(91a) 1hhstd m amsl

(91b) stpstd hh m amsl

srphnh

(91c) nsrd hh m amsl

(91d) srpsrd hh m amsl

3.6.5

(92a) ),(min 1hhh stst m

(92b) ),(min nsrsr hhh m

m

(93) d

hhm stsr – m/km

tehreh

(94a) sttgte hhhh 1 m

(94b) srnrgre hhhh

m

mh(m)

(95) )(–max isti

lri

ltii

m mdhhh m

ITU-R P.1812-3 33

ltiltd

lrilrd

2mh

2

P.1812-02

hre

hsr

hm

teh

sth

a =

k. a

e50

a =

k. a

e50

Interfering station (T)

Interfered-withstation (R)

(Off

set o

rig

in)

Horizon

Horizon

(T)

(R)

34ITU-R P.1812-3

2

1

(0,000001 x 0,999999)

0,00054)0,000001 < x(0,0001%) < 0β(x

0,000001(x > 0,999999)

(30b)(49)(61)x

(0,01 x 0,99)

I(x)

(96a) )(–)()( xxTxI for 0,000001 x 0,5

(96b) )1()1()( xTxxI for 0,5 < x 0,999999

][ )(ln2–)( xxT

(97a)

1)()())((

)())(()(ξ

123

012

xTDxTDxTD

CxTCxTCx

(97b)

(97c) 515516698,20 C

(97d) 802853,01 C

(97e) 010328,02 C

(97f) 432788,11 D

(97g) 189269,02 D

(97h) 001308,03 D

ITU-R P.1812-3 35

3

1

8.4

3

P.1812-03

S

hps

AC

B

T

hpt

dcleardclear

dpc

dps

3‘T’‘S’

T

AB

S-AS-BA-TB-T

CB-Acpd

ptps

psps

pchh

hdd

(98)

pshpthSTB-A

clearrC

ps

pcpspc

cleard

dddr

λ6,0

(99)

36ITU-R P.1812-3

STclearr

T

cleardC

pt

pcclear

clearh

drd

(100)

pt

pc

h

d

10

λ

(101)

R(64b)

pt

ps

h

dR

4

λ

(102)

R(102)(64b)R

3B

2exp1log20 jAh

(103)

0,95

ps

ptps

d

hh2δ

(104)

)3(10hAdB 6pth = R(64b)

R(103)(64b)(103)

R(103)

R

sdS3

(LoS)