Interactive Notebook Guidelines

INTERACTIVE NOTEBOOK GUIDELINES

Pencil ONLY Name, class, period on cover 1st page upper right corner put an A (free corner) Letter pages A-F (front AND back of page) Page “1” of numbering starts on 4th page of

Notebook Go ahead and # 1-20 on top free corner of

notebook Each page should have title unless noted

otherwise

COVER

PAGE A <TITLE PAGE>

INTERACTIVE NOTEBOOK GUIDELINES

C-F Table of Contents

Page Title 1-3 Roots, Prefixes, Suffixes 4 Biology lab safety rules 5 Safety Symbols 6-7 Safety Contract 8 Classroom Layout 9 Lab Safety Equipment Scavenger Hunt10-11 Lab Equipment 12 Scientific Method Vocabulary 13 Data Graphing

PAGE B <BLANK>PAGE C <TABLE OF CONTENTS>

PAGE D <TABLE OF CONTENTS>PAGE E <TABLE OF CONTENTS>

PAGE F <TABLE OF CONTENTS>PAGE 1 <ROOTS, PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES>

PAGE 2 <ROOTS, PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES>PAGE 3 <ROOTS, PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES>

PAGE 4 <BIOLOGY LAB SAFETY RULES>PAGE 5 <SAFETY SYMBOLS>

PAGE 6-7 <SCIENCE SAFETY CONTRACT>

PAGE 8 <CLASSROOM LAYOUT>PAGE 9 <LAB CLASSROOM SCAVENGER HUNT>

LAB EQUIPMENT FOR SCAVENGER

Fire blanket Shower First Aid kit Aprons Eyewash station Goggles Fire Extinguisher

PAGE 10 <LAB EQUIPMENT>PAGE 11 <LAB EQUIPMENT>

PAGE 12 <SCIENTIFIC METHOD VOCABULARY>PAGE 13 <DATA GRAPHING>

PAGE 13 <DATA GRAPHING>

D- Dependent variable

R- Responding variable

Y- y-axis

M- Manipulated variable

I- Independent Variable

X- x-axis

ALWAYS INCLUDE UNITS!

PAGE 14 <CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS>

List all 8 characteristics and draw picture to go with them (must color!)

PAGE 15 <HIERARCHY OF MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS>

1. Chemical Level- Atoms combine to form molecules

2. Cellular Level- Cells are made of molecules

3. Tissue Level- Consist of similar types of cells

4. Organ Level- Made of different types of tissue

5. Organ System- Consists of organs that work together

6. Organism- Made of many organ systems that function to keep us alive

PAGE 15 <HIERARCHY OF MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS>

PAGE 14 <CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS>PAGE 15 <HIERARCHY OF MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS>

PAGE 16 <SCIENTIFIC METHOD FLOWCHART>

The Scientific Method

I. Observation(s) o Using your 5 senses to gain information about the

problem/experiment o Sound, Sight, Hear, Touch, Taste o Noting facts or inferences o Qualitative (__________) or Quantitative (__________) o List of Materials o What is the question or

problem you want to answer?

2. Hypothesis o A probable prediction based on your observations;

your educated prediction o Must be something testable o Can be in an “If…., then…..” statement

4. Data: o Tables where data was recorded o Illustrations of experiment o Accurate, precise data graphs to present

findings*** o Label all data & units!

5. Conclusion: o Restate hypothesis o Brief summary of what you did in the

experiment o Was hypothesis right/wrong? Why/why not o Problems encountered o Ideas/suggestions for future experimenters

3. Experiment: o To be a valid experiment, it must

o Be a controlled experiment o Test only one variable at a time o Be repeated numerous times o Use random sampling o Use accurate records & measurements

o Must be a controlled experiment. o Control = the norms to compare the thing being tested against; does

not change o Variable = the thing that changes; the thing being tested

____________ variable being acted upon; changed on purpose

____________ variable that changes because the ____ ____________ variable stays the same; does not change

o State the purpose of the experiment in “To determine…..” format

o List the steps of the experiment; Betty Crocker Style o Step #1…Gather materials o End step…Record data o No 1st person o One action per # o Be clear & concise

Descriptions (ex: color, smell)

Numbers(can be measured)

Independent

Dependent Independent

Controlled

PAGE 17 <PERIODIC TABLE- ELEMENTS OF LIFE>

Glue in Periodic TableHighlight corresponding colorsPINKOxygen (65%) Carbon (18%) Hydrogen (10%) Nitrogen (3%)

somewhere on page put:

NOCH=96%

YELLOWPhosphorus (P)Sulfur (S)Calcium (Ca)Iron (Fe)Potassium (K)Sodium (Na)

PAGE 16 <SCIENTIFIC METHOD FLOWCHART> PAGE 17 <PERIODIC TABLE- ELEMENTS OF LIFE>

PAGE 18 <PROPERTIES OF WATER> Add to diagram: δ+ and δ- on all atoms and

show Hydrogen bonds (- - -)

Universal _____________Polar- (define)Hydrogen Bonds:

Cohesion- (define; example)Adhesion- (define; example)

Ice Floats, Heat of vaporization (sweat), High Specific Heat

ColorOxygen=yellowHydrogen=greenHydrogen Bonds=blue

PAGE 18 <PROPERTIES OF WATER> Add to diagram: δ+ and δ- on all atoms and

show Hydrogen bonds (- - -)

Universal Solvent-dissolves many substances Polar- Unequal sharing of electrons; results in partial + and partial - sides Hydrogen Bonds:

Cohesion- attraction of like molecules (rainsdrop, surface tension) Adhesion- attraction of unlike molecules (water on web, meniscus) Capillary Action-Ice Floats, Heat of vaporization (sweat), High Specific

Heat

ColorOxygen=yellowHydrogen=greenHydrogen Bonds=blue

δ+

δ+

δ+δ+

δ+

δ+

δ-

δ-

δ-

PAGE 19 <MACROMOLECULES>Monomer-1 sub-unit

Polymer- multiple units

Formation of Polymers- Polymerization, Dehydration Synthesis, Condensation Reaction Removal of water molecule

to form covalent bond H=green, O= yellow

4 groups of Macromolecules (list) Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Proteins

PAGE 18 <PROPERTIES OF WATER> PAGE 19 <MACROMOLECULES>

PAGE 20 <CARBOHYDRATES>Glue in image set

Elements: C, H, O 1:2:1 ratio Monomer: Monosaccharide (glucose, fructose,

galactose) Polymers: Disaccharide (2) Polysaccharide (many) Examples: cellulose, glycogen, starch Function: Short term energy storage and building

material Food source: Pasta, bread, fruit, potatoes

PAGE 21 <LIPIDS>Glue in image set

Elements: C, H, O Monomers: Fatty acid chains, glycerol Polymers: Fats/Oils, Phospholipids,

Steroids Examples: phospholipid, oil, ear wax Function: Long term energy storage,

insulation, cushioning, waterproof Food Source: Oils, butter, animal fat

PAGE 20 <CARBOHYDRATES>PAGE 21 <LIPIDS>

PAGE 22 <NUCLEIC ACIDS>Glue in image set

Elements: C, H, O, N, P Monomer: Nucleotide (sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous

base) Polymers: DNA and RNA Examples: RNA, DNA, (ATP-single unit) Function: Genetic instructions and usable energy No Food Source

PAGE 23 <PROTEINS>Glue in image set

Elements: C, H, O, N Monomer: Amino Acid Polymer: Polypeptide chain Examples: hair, nails, muscles, enzymes Function: Storage, transport, regulation,

movement, structure, enzymes Food Source: Meat, peanut, egg

PAGE 22 <NUCLEIC ACIDS>PAGE 23 <PROTEINS>

PAGE 24 <ENZYMES>Proteins that catalyze (speed up) reactions

by lowering the activation energy Common Features

1. Work best within range of temp and pH2. Make reaction occur faster3. NOT used up or changed in reaction; can be used over and

over4. Substrate (reactant) specific: lock and key

ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX

Active site

Substrate (reactant) Products

enzyme enzyme

PAGE 24 <ENZYMES>

PAGE 25 <CELL THEORY>

1. All living things are composed of cells2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and

function in all living things3. New cells are produced from pre-existing

cells

Contributing Scientists Robert Hooke- Named cells, cork Anton van Leeuwenhoek- microorganisms (pond

water) Matthias Schleiden- botanist, plant cells Theodor Schwann- animal cells Rudolf Virchow- cell division

PAGES 26-27 <PROKARYOTE VS EUKARYOTE VENN DIAGRAM>

26 27Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

differences

similarities

differences

PAGES 26-27 <PROKARYOTE VS EUKARYOTE VENN DIAGRAM>

26 27Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

Differences

similarities

differences

Cell membrane

Cell wall

Contain DNA

Cytoplasm

Flagella

Reproduce

Respond to environment

Ribosomes

Unicellular organisms

Centrioles

Contain nucleus

Golgi apparatus

Mitochondria

May become specialized

Have complex internal structures (membrane bound organelles)

Some are single-cellular, some are multicellular

All single cellular

pili

PAGES 26-27 Words/phrases for Venn Diagram

All single-cellular Cell membrane Cell wall Centrioles Contain DNA Contain nucleus Cytoplasm Flagella Golgi apparatus Mitochondria May become specialized

Have complex internal structures (membrane bound organelles)

Pili Reproduce Respond to environment Ribosomes Rough ER Smooth ER Some are single-cellular,

some are multicellular Unicellular organisms

PAGE 28 <ANIMAL CELL>

28 29Animal Cell

Color and label animal cell organelles: Nucleus Nucleolus Cell membrane Rough ER Smooth ER Mitochondria Golgi Apparatus Centriole Ribosome Nuclear Envelope

Circle organelles not found in plant cells

Use a ruler for lines

28 29Plant Cell

Color and label: Nucleus Nucleolus Cell membrane Rough ER Smooth ER Mitochondria Golgi Apparatus Ribosome Nuclear Envelope Cell wall Central vacuole Chloroplast

Circle organelles not found in animal cells

Use a ruler for lines

PAGE 29 <PLANT CELL>

30Prokaryotic Cell

Draw, color and label: cell wall cell membrane pili flagella DNA (nucleoid region) cytosol ribosomes

Use a ruler for lines

PAGE 30 <PROKARYOTIC CELL>

PAGE 31<CELL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS>

Match the Cell structures with their functions and copy into notebook

1. cell membrane2. cell wall3. centrioles4. chloroplast5. chromatin6. cytoskeleton7. cytosol8. Golgi apparatus9. lysosome

10. mitochondria11. nuclear envelope12. nuclear pores13. nucleolus14. nucleus15. organelles16. ribosome17. rough ER18. smooth ER19. vacuole20. vesicles

Functions (match with correct structure)• Control center of eukaryotic cell• Term used to describe cell structures• Site of detoxification & manufacture of lipids• “Cell Gel”• Converts energy stored in glucose to ATP• Play a role in cell division of animal cells• Maintains homeostasis in cell• Provides shape and structure to cell; more extensive in animal cells• Captures energy from the sun to produce glucose; site of photosynthesis• “transport bubbles”; used to move biomolecules, etc.• Structure that produces proteins in a cell• Cell postmaster; packages & ships biomolecules• Uses enzymes to disinfect, break down, and recycle• Outermost boundary of plant, fungal, & bacterial cells• Openings in membrane surrounding nucleus that allows for RNA to pass through

PAGE 31 <CELL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS>

1. cell membrane- Maintains homeostasis in cell2. cell wall-Outermost boundary of plant, fungal, & bacterial cells3. Centrioles- Play a role in cell division of animal cells4. Chloroplast- Captures energy from the sun to produce glucose; site of

photosynthesis5. Chromatin- DNA wrapped protein; genetic code6. Cytoskeleton- Provides shape and structure to cell; more extensive in animal

cells7. Cytosol- “Cell Gel”8. Golgi apparatus- Cell postmaster; packages & ships biomolecules9. Lysosome- Uses enzymes to disinfect, break down, and recycle10. Mitochondria- Converts energy stored in glucose to ATP11. nuclear envelope- keeps nucleus separate from remainder of cell12. nuclear pores-Openings in membrane surrounding nucleus that allows for

RNA to pass through13. Nucleolus- produces ribsosomes14. Nucleus-Control center of eukaryotic cell15. Organelles-Term used to describe cell structures16. Ribosome-Structure that produces proteins in a cell17. rough ER- modifies and transports proteins; covered with ribosomes18. smooth ER- Site of detoxification & manufacture of lipids19. Vacuole- stores water and ions20. Vesicles- “transport bubbles”; used to move biomolecules, etc.

PAGE 32 <VIRUSES>

Define in own words Virus: Capsid: Retrovirus: Lytic: Lysogenic:

capsid DNA

tail sheath

tail fiber

capsid proteins

RNA

surface proteins envelope

RNAcapsid

PAGE 32 <VIRUSES>

Define in own words Virus: non-living particle made up of protein coat and

genetic material; cause illnesses Capsid: protein coat Retrovirus: virus with RNA as genetic material Lytic: Active infection where viruses replicate and burst

cells Lysogenic: Inactive infection where viral DNA (genes) is

replicated along with host cell DNA; no symptoms

capsid DNA

tail sheath

tail fiber

capsid proteins

RNA

surface proteins envelope

RNAcapsid

PAGE 33 <VIRUSES VS CELLS VENN DIAGRAM>

PAGE 33 <VIRUSES VS CELLS VENN DIAGRAM>

CELLS VIRUSES• 1000 Xs smaller• Carries out cellular functions• Cell Membrane• Considered non-living• Cytoplasm• Does not carry out cellular

functions• Evolve• Genetic material (DNA/RNA)• Grow and develop• Larger• Make up living things

• Made up of genetic material surrounded by protein coat (capsid)

• Microscopic• Obtain and Use Energy• Reproduces independently• Require host cell to reproduce• Respond to environment• Some contain nucleus and

organelles

• (hint- 3 in common)

CELLS-Carries out cellular functions-Cell Membrane-Cytoplasm-Grow and develop-Larger-Make up living things-Obtain and Use Energy-Reproduces independently-Respond to environment-Some contain nucleus and organelles

BOTH-Evolve-Genetic material (DNA/RNA)-Microscopic 

 VIRUSES-1000 Xs smaller-Considered non-living-Does not carry out cellular functions-Made up of genetic material surrounded by protein coat (capsid)-Require host cell to reproduce

PAGE 34<VIRUS REPRODUCTION>-TAPE IN LYTIC VS LYSOGENIC FOLDABLE

PAGE 34<VIRUS REPRODUCTION>-descriptions for foldable; each # on diagram will have a bullet

LYSOGENIC CYCLELYTIC CYCLE• Assembly of new viruses• Attachment of virus• Cell division occurs as normal• Formation of proteins to form new viruses• Host cell DNA is digested• Insertion of viral DNA into host cell• Lysis of cell and release of new viruses• Rare Occasions- Prophage leaves host

chromosome and enters lytic cycle• Replication of Viral DNA• Viral DNA integrated into host cell DNA

PAGE 34<VIRUS REPRODUCTION>

LYSOGENIC CYCLEInactive, asymptomatic

LYTIC CYCLEActive, Symptomatic

6-Assembly of new viruses

1- Attachment of virus

4- Cell division occurs as normal

5- Formation of proteins to form new viruses

3- Host cell DNA is digested

2- Insertion of viral DNA into host cell

7- Lysis of cell and release of new viruses

5- Rare Occasions- Prophage leaves host chromosome and enters lytic cycle

4- Replication of Viral DNA

3- Viral DNA integrated into host cell DNA

PAGE 35 <CELL MEMBRANE>

Define:Phospholipid bilayer-Selective Permeability (Semi-Permeable)-Homeostasis-Equilibrium-

PAGE 35 <CELL MEMBRANE>

Phospholipid bilayer- 2 layers of phospholipids where hydrophic tails are on inside and hydrophilic heads are on outside

Selective Permeability (Semi-Permeable)- Only allows some substances to enter and exit the cell

Homeostasis- Maintaining stable internal environment

Equilibrium- Concentrations are equal everywhere

Cholesterol

PAGE 36 <TYPES OF MEMBRANE TRANSPORT>

-O2, CO2

-H2O (osmosis)

-Sugars

-High to low concentration(with gradient)

-Low to high concentration (against gradient)

Cell membrane-(phospholipid bilayer)

protein

protein

(energy)

PAGE 37 <OSMOSIS>

BEFORE AFTERTYPE OF SOLUTION

OUTSIDE CELLCELL

CHANGE

Shrink,Expand, or

Stays same?

Hypertonic, Hypotonic, or Isotonic?

PAGE 37 <OSMOSIS>

BEFORE AFTERTYPE OF SOLUTION

OUTSIDE CELL

CELL CHANGE

Shrink,Expand, or

Stays same?

Hypertonic, Hypotonic, or Isotonic?

Expand

Stays same

Shrink

Hypotonic

Isotonic

Hypertonic

PAGE 38-39 <MEMBRANE TRANSPORT

CONCEPT MAP> Active transport Against Diffusion Endocytosis Equilibrium Exocytosis Facilitated diffusion High (2 times) Homeostasis Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic

Low (2 times) Osmosis Passive transport Phagocytosis Pinocytosis Protein pumps Selectively (Semi-) Shrink (Shrivel) Stay same Swell (Expand) With

PAGE 38-39 <MEMBRANE TRANSPORT

CONCEPT MAP>

PAGE 40 <CHEMICAL ENERGY> DRAW AND COLOR

PAGE 41 <OBTAINING ENERGY> Autotroph

Definition in own words 2 drawings/examples

Heterotroph Definition in own words 2 drawings/examples

PAGE 42 <PHOTOSYNTHESIS> 43 <CELL RESPIRATION >

Location:Reactants:Products:Organisms:

Location:Reactants:Products:Organisms:

# ATP producedGlycolysis:Kreb Cycle:ETC:

Equation: Equation:

_______

_______

_______

_______

_______captured

_______ released

PAGE 42 <PHOTOSYNTHESIS> 43 <CELL RESPIRATION >

Location: chloroplastReactants: 6CO2 + 6H2O +energy Products: C6 H12 O6 + 6O2

Organisms: Autotrophs

Location: MitochondriaReactants: C6 H12 O6 + 6O2

Products: 6CO2 + 6H2O + energyOrganisms: Autotroph & heterotroph

# ATP producedGlycolysis: 2Krebs Cycle: 2ETC: 32TOTAL=36 ATP

Equation:6CO2 + 6H2O +energy → C6 H12 O6 + 6O2

Equation:C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 →6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

CO2

H2O

C6 H12 O6

O2

Sunlight energy

ATP for work

PAGE 42 <PHOTOSYNTHESIS> 43 <CELL RESPIRATION >

Location: chloroplastReactants: 6CO2 + 6H2O +energy Products: C6 H12 O6 + 6O2

Organisms: Autotrophs

Location: MitochondriaReactants: C6 H12 O6 + 6O2

Products: 6CO2 + 6H2O + energyOrganisms: Autotroph & heterotroph

# ATP producedGlycolysis: 2Krebs Cycle: 2ETC: 32TOTAL=36 ATP

Equation:6CO2 + 6H2O +energy → C6 H12 O6 + 6O2

Equation:C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 →6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

CO2

H2O

C6 H12 O6

O2

Sunlight energy

ATP for work

matrixcristae

Outer membranegrana

stroma

thylakoid

CHROMOSOME

PAGE 44 <CHROMOSOMES> draw and color

Centromere

chromatid chromatid

PAGE 45 <CELL CYCLE> draw and color

PAGE 46-47 <MITOSIS>

PROPHASE

METAPHASE

ANAPHASETELOPHASE

CYTOKINESIS

INTERPHASE (G1, S, G2)

PAGE 47 <MITOSIS>

PROPHASE

METAPHASE

ANAPHASETELOPHASE

CYTOKINESIS

INTERPHASE (G1, S, G2)

PAGE 48 <DNA> Color code and fill in blanks

DNA stands for: ___________________________________Monomers are called: ______________________________Each monomer contains: 1-2- 3-4 different Nitrogen bases: ________________________________________________________________________________ bonds with ______ and ______ bonds with ______

PAGE 48 <DNA> Color code and fill in blanks

DNA stands for: deoxyribonucleic acidMonomers are called: nucleotidesEach monomer contains: 1-sugar (deoxyribose)2- phosphate 3-nitrogen base4 different Nitrogen bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine A bonds with T and C bonds with G

PAGE 49 <3 Types of RNA>

__ RNA

__ RNA

__ RNA

______

______

RNA stands for: ___________________________________Monomers are called: ______________________________Each monomer contains: 1-2- 3-4 different Nitrogen bases: ________________________________________________________________________________ bonds with ______ and ______ bonds with ______

PAGE 49 <3 Types of RNA>

__ RNA

__ RNA

__ RNA

______

______

RNA stands for: ribonucleic acidMonomers are called: nucleotidesEach monomer contains: 1-sugar (ribose)2- phosphate 3-nitrogen base4 different Nitrogen bases: adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine A bonds with U and C bonds with G

codon

anticodon

m

t

r

PAGE 50 <Protein Synthesis>

Label the following structures:•Cell Membrane •nucleus•nuclear envelope•nuclear pore•tRNA•mRNA

•amino acid •polypeptide chain (protein)•codon •anticodon •ribosome

PAGE 50 <Protein Synthesis>

polypeptide chain (protein)