1 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING KKKA 6424 INTELLIGENT URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM Prof. Dr. Riza Atiq Abdullah O.K. Rahmat ASSIGNMENT (1) PREPARED BY: 1- HAIDER FARHAN P65405 2- MUSTAFA TALIB P60915 3-- SAHAR ABD ALI P65295
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1
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING
KKKA 6424
INTELLIGENT URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM
Prof. Dr. Riza Atiq Abdullah O.K. Rahmat
ASSIGNMENT (1)
PREPARED BY:
1- HAIDER FARHAN P65405
2- MUSTAFA TALIB P60915
3-- SAHAR ABD ALI P65295
2
Introduction
Traffic lights
Traffic lights, also known as traffic signals, traffic lamps, signal
lights, robots and semaphores. Aresignaling devices positioned at or near road
intersections, pedestrian crossings and other locations to control competing flows of
traffic. Traffic lights were first installed in 1868 in London, United, now used in almost
every city of the world. Traffic lights alternate the right of way accorded to road users by
displaying lights of a standard color (red, yellow/amber, and green) following a
universal color code (and a precise sequence to enable comprehension by those who
are color blind).
In the typical sequence of color phases:
Illumination of the green light allows traffic to proceed in the direction denoted, if it
is safe to do so
Illumination of the yellow/amber light denoting prepare to stop short of the
intersection, if it is safe to do so
Illumination of the red signal prohibits any traffic from proceeding
Usually, the red light contains some orange in its hue, and the green light contains some
blue, said to be for the benefit of people with red-green color blindness
Traffic signal is one of the more familiar types of intersection control. Using either a
fixed or adaptive schedule, traffic signals allow certain parts of the intersection to move
while forcing other parts to wait, delivering instructions to drivers through a set of
colorful lights (generally, of the standard red-yellow (amber)-green format). Some
purposes of traffic signals are to (1) improve overall safety, (2) decrease average travel
time through an intersection, and (3) equalize the quality of services for all or most traffic
streams. Traffic signals provide orderly movement of intersection traffic, have the ability
to be flexible for changes in traffic flow, and can assign priority treatment to certain
movements or vehicles, such as emergency services. However, they may increase delay