Integrating Engineering Activities into Elementary Science Bob Claymier STEM is Elementary www.stemiselementary.com
Dec 16, 2015
Integrating Engineering Activities
into Elementary Science
Bob Claymier
STEM is Elementary
www.stemiselementary.com
2
Goals of the Workshop
• Why is STEM literacy important in the elementary grades?
• How is the engineering design process used to teach a STEM lesson?
• How do the engineering and scientific processes work together in designing a solution to a problem?
• What resources are available for elementary STEM?
3
What is Technological Literacy?
The use, management, understanding
and assessment of technological
products and processes.
What should a technologically literate person know and be able to do?
Make well-informed choices in her role as a consumer
Understand technological issues In order to
make educated political decisions
What should a technologically literate person know and be able to do?
Understand technology’s impact on the environment, the economy, society and her personal life
Understand and use the design process as a
problem solving tool
What should a technologically literate person know and be able to do?
Understand that science and technology are the foundation of our economic strength.
Be more comfortable with and better prepared for new technologies that her job will demand
7
Produce results
What 21st Century Skills could be taught by STEM?
Work creatively with othersThink creatively
Implement innovation
Make judgments and decisions
Solve problems
Adapt to change
Be flexibleBe independent and self-directed
Work effectively with others
Manage projects
Through STEM Literacy, Students:
Become risk-takers, see something that didn’t work as an as opportunity
More easily grasp abstract concepts and processes
9
Through STEM Literacy, Students:
Take pride and ownership in their own self-learning
Can apply a variety of learning styles
Transfer learning to several subjects and contexts
10
Become critical, divergent thinkers
Learn by questioning and “constructing” their own knowledge
Find school work engaging and meaningful
Through STEM Literacy, Students:
11
By Teaching through STEM Integration, Teachers:
Become facilitators, not centers of learning
Use formative and summative assessments
Use questioning techniques to assess
and guide student progress
12
Develop technical reading, writing, and communication in students
By Teaching through STEM Integration, Teachers:
Can integrate STEM into many subjects and themes
13
Can meet varying student learning styles
Can make learning meaningful and engaging
By Teaching through STEM Integration, Teachers:
Can encourage new “stars” in the classroom
14
What is a STEM lesson?
• Problem Solving
• Construction
• Integration
• Engineering Design Process
• Redesign
• Authentic Learning
Paper Engineering: Linkages
= fixed point
= movable point
INPUT
OUTPUT
Paper Engineering: Linkages
= fixed point
= movable point
INPUT
OUTPUT
Other Linkages
= fixed point
= movable point
INPUT
INPUT
INPUT
INPUT
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
NGSS and Ohio Science Standards
NGSS
3-LS4-2 Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity
18
Use evidence to construct an explanation for how the variations in characteristics among individuals of the same species may provide advantages in surviving, finding mates, and reproducing
NGSS and Ohio Science Standards
Ohio Academic Standards for Science
K: Physical and Behavioral Traits of Living Things
19
K: Living things have physical traits and behaviors, which influence their survival.
Designing a STEM Lesson:Paper Engineered Animals
Paper Engineered AnimalsDesign Brief
Challenge:
Create a paper model animal with at least one
moving body part and explain how that body part
helps the animal survive
Paper Engineered AnimalsDesign Brief
Criteria
• Design must have at least one moving body part
• Body part must be used by the animal to help it survive
Constraints
• Model must be no larger than 12” x 12”
• Model must be made of only provided materials
Materials:
• Cardstock
• Brad paper fasteners
• Hole punch
• Scissors
• Drawing materials (pencils, crayons)
23
Paper Engineered AnimalsDesign Brief
24
What is the Engineering Design Process?
Engineering is Elementary
25
26
Using the Design Process to Guide the Lesson
1. Ask - Students identify the problem by:
– restating the problem
– Identifying criteria (requirements) and constraints (limits) for the project
– Identify intended audience or client and method of presentation
27
Using the Design Process to Guide the Lesson
2. Imagine - Students investigate the problem by:
- Asking questions – What structures do animals have and use?– How can I model that structure?
- Doing research- How have others solved the problem?
Other Linkages
= fixed point
= movable point
INPUT
INPUT
INPUT
INPUT
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
29
Using the Design Process to Guide the Lesson
3. Plan - Students begin solving the problem by:
– Choosing a final solution
– Sketching the design – Gathering materials
30
Using the Design Process to Guide the Lesson
4. Create - Students build and test a solution by:
– Checking the design against the criteria
and constraints
– Testing the design
– Observing and collecting data on the design
31
Using the Design Process to Guide the Lesson
5. Improve - Students present and modify
the solution by:
– Presenting the solution to their audience
– Receiving feedback on the design
– Modifying the design based on the feedback
32
Paper Engineering:Other Curriculum Connections
Language Arts:
• Following directions
• Journal writing
• Illustrating a story
Physical Education/Health
• How body joints works
• Levers in sports equipment
Social Studies
• Structures
• Inventions
Paper Engineering: Science Concepts
• Force and motion- change of direction
• Properties of materials
• Input and output
• Animal structure and habitats; cell structure
• Illustrate natural cycles and changes
• Earth and Space (seasons, planets, weather, water,
landforms)
• Life cycles
• Chemical and physical changes
Paper Engineering:Math, Technology, and
Engineering Skills and Concepts
Technology
• Meeting a want or need
Engineering
• Applying math and science
to solve a problem
•Using the engineering
design process
Math
• Measurement
• Symmetry
• Geometric concepts
• Mechanical advantage
Science and Engineering
Scientists use tools to learn about
the natural environment
Engineers use scientific discoveries and knowledge to create new designs and solve problems
Engineering Design Process
Scientific Inquiry
Tangient LLC
38 Science and Technology
Scientific Inquiry vs. Engineering Design
Scientific InquiryScientific Inquiry Engineering DesignEngineering DesignState a question or problem about State a question or problem about the natural worldthe natural world
Define a problem or need to be Define a problem or need to be solved in the human-made worldsolved in the human-made world
Gather informationGather information Gather informationGather information
Formulate hypothesis, identify Formulate hypothesis, identify variablesvariables
Establish design criteriaEstablish design criteria
Design experiment, establish Design experiment, establish proceduresprocedures
Prepare preliminary designsPrepare preliminary designs
Test hypothesis multiple timesTest hypothesis multiple times Build and test a prototypeBuild and test a prototype
Analyze results, draw conclusionsAnalyze results, draw conclusions Analyze results, verify, redesign Analyze results, verify, redesign and retestand retest
Present resultsPresent results Present resultsPresent results
Science and Engineering
Science and technology
affect society and the environment
People make decisions that guide science and engineering
40
Scientific Inquiry and theEngineering Design Process
David Haury
Learning Science Through Design
Bernie Zubrowski
Integrating Science into Design Technology Projects: Using a Standard Model in the Design Process
Elementary STEM Resources
41
Elementary STEM Resources
42
Elementary STEM Resources
43
www.tecchome.org
Elementary STEM Resources
44
www.eie.org
Elementary STEM Resources
45
Elementary STEM Resources
46
Elementary STEM Resources
47
Elementary STEM Resources
48
Elementary STEM Resources
49
www.kevaplanks.com
Elementary STEM Resources
50
www.littlebits.cc
Elementary STEM Resources
51
http://www.nationalstemcentre.org.uk/
https://nsdl.oercommons.org/
References
Engineering is Elementary, Museum of Science,
Boston, The Difference Between Science and
Engineering.
http://eie.org/eie-curriculum/resources/difference
-between-science-and-engineering
52
References
Haury, David. Learning Science Through
Design. ERIC Digest, Clearinghouse for
Science, Mathematics, and Environmental
Education, October 2002
53
References
Zubrowski, Bernard. Integrating Science into
Design Technology Projects: Using a
Standard Model in the Design Process.
Journal of Technology Education,
Vol. 13 No. 2, Spring 2002
54
55
Goals of the Workshop
• Why is STEM literacy important in the elementary grades?
• How is the engineering design process used to teach a STEM lesson?
• How do the engineering and scientific processes work together in designing a solution to a problem?
• What resources are available for elementary STEM?
56
Bob Claymier
www.stemiselementary.com