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Prepared By Wolkem India Limited
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
&
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
FOR
ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE (Under Clause 6 of S.O.1533 of Environment Impact Assessment Notification, 2006)
INTEGRATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROCESSING FACILITY
At Village -Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: - 23.56 Acre,
Thana Number 242, Khata No-58, District-Deoghar (Jharkhand),
Toposheet No. 72 L/10 & 11, 72 L 14 & 15,
CATEGORY OF PROJECT - “A” Project schedule 7(i)
(Interstate boundary (Bihar) is at distance about 2.65 km in NNW)
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
2 Prepared by-Wolkem India Limited
NABET ACCREDITATION CERTIFICATE
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
3 Prepared by-Wolkem India Limited
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
SHW Solid Hazardous Waste
AMSL Above Mean Sea Level
AAQ Ambient Air Quality
ADS Air Density Separator / De-stoner
Bgl Below Ground Level
BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
CMWMF Common Municipal Waste Management Facilities
CPHEEO Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering
Organization
CSI City Sanitary Inspector
CSR Corporate Social Responsibility
D2D Door-to-door
DMC Deoghar Municipal Corporation
CPCB Central Pollution Control Board
dB Decibel
DO Dissolved Oxygen
EAC Expert Appraisal Committee
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EAC Expert Appraisal Committee
ETP Effluent Treatment Plant
EMC Environmental Management Cell
EMP Environment Management Plan
EPA The Environment Protection Act
GLC Ground Level Concentration
GOI Government Of India
GIS Geographic Information System
Ha Hectare
HH Households
HDPE High-Density Polyethylene
HMV Heavy Motor Vehicle
HFL High Flood Level
IMD Indian Meteorological Department
IS Indian Standards
ISWM Integrated Solid Waste Management
JIR Joint Inspection Report
KLD Kilo litre Per Day
Km Kilo Meter
Leq Equivalent Noise Level
LFL Low Flood Level
LCS Leachate Collection System
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
4 Prepared by-Wolkem India Limited
LDPE Low-density polyethylene
LOS Level of Service
LoI Letter of Intent
MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forest
MSW (M&H) Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling)
MT Metric tone
O&M Operation and Maintenance
NABET National Accreditation Board for Education and Training
NH National Highway
NOC No Objection Certificate
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration
PCU Passenger Car Unit
PFR Pre- feasibility Report
PF/RF Protected Forest/Reserve Forest
PM10/2.5 Particulate Matter
PP Project Proponent
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
QCI Quality Council of India
RL Reduced Level
R & R Plan Resettlement & Rehabilitation plan
RDF Refuse Derived Fuel
SH State Highway
SLF Sanitary Landfill Facility
SS Street Sweeping
STP Sewage Treatment Plant
SPCB State Pollution Control Board
ToR Terms of Reference
TPA Tonnes Per Annum
USEPA United State Environmental Protection Agency
ULB Urban Local Body
WPLF Waste Processing & Landfill
WTE Waste to Energy
N North
E East
W West
S South
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
5 Prepared by-Wolkem India Limited
INDEX
INDEX ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT........................................................................................................................................... 13
1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT ........................................................................... 14
1.3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURE, SIZE, LOCATION OF THE PROJECT AND ITS IMPORTANCE TO
THE COUNTRY, REGION. ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF EIA STUDY .......................................................................................................................................................... 19
1.5 SCOPE OF EIA STUDY .................................................................................................................................................................... 20
CHAPTER - II ............................................................................................................................................................................... 31
2.1 TYPE OF PROJECT ........................................................................................................................................................................... 31
2.2 NEED FOR THE PROJECT............................................................................................................................................................. 31
2.3 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT .................................................................................................................................................... 31
2.4 SIZE OR MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION ................................................................................................................................. 37
2.4.1 CURRENT SCENARIO OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT;- ......................................................... 37
2.4.2 ANALYSIS OF ISSUES IN CURRENT SYSTEM AND STATUS OF COMPLIANCE TO SWM RULES:- ...... 39
2.4.3 PROPOSED LAND BREAKUP FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITY ............................................ 45
2.4.4 MAN POWER REQUIREMENT ............................................................................................................................................. 47
2.4.5 WATER REQUIREMENT ........................................................................................................................................................... 47
2.4.6 POWER REQUIREMENT ........................................................................................................................................................... 48
2.5 COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION PLAN .................................................................................................................. 49
2.5.1 MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT SCOPE ........................................................................................................ 55
2.6 TECHNOLOGY & PROCESS DETAILS ..................................................................................................................................... 57
2.6.1 OVERVIEW OF PROCESS FLOW CHART- ........................................................................................................................ 59
2.6.2 PROCESS DESCRIPTION OF WASTE PROCESSING .................................................................................................... 60
DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................................... 79
3.1 STUDY AREA ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 79
3.2 ESTABLISHMENT OF BASELINE FOR VALUED ENVIRONMENT COMPONENT .............................................. 82
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
6 Prepared by-Wolkem India Limited
3.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................................................... 96
3.4 AMBIENT AIR ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................................... 102
4.2. IMPACTS DURING DEVELOPMENT PHASE .................................................................................................................... 151
4.2.1 IMPACTS DUE TO SOLID WASTE ...................................................................................................................................... 151
4.2.2. IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY ................................................................................................................................................... 153
4.2.3. IMPACT ON WATER QUALITY .......................................................................................................................................... 153
4.2.4. IMPACT OF NOISE LEVELS .................................................................................................................................................. 154
4.3 IMPACT DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE ......................................................................................................................... 155
4.3.1. IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES .............................................................. 155
4.3.2 IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES ........................................................... 156
4.3.3 IMPACT ON AIR ENVIRONMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES .................................................................... 158
5.1 SITE ALTERNATIVES ................................................................................................................................................................... 165
5.2 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA AS PER SWM RULES 2016 ............................................................................................ 165
CHAPTER – VI ........................................................................................................................................................................... 168
6.1 MONITORING SCHEDULE AND PARAMETERS .......................................................................................................... 168
6.2 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM .......................................................................................... 168
6.3. SURVEILLANCE AND MONITORING PLAN ...................................................................................................................... 170
6.4 PUBLIC HEALTH MONITORING ............................................................................................................................................. 180
6.5 BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT .................................................................... 180
CHAPTER - VII .......................................................................................................................................................................... 181
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
7 Prepared by-Wolkem India Limited
7.2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ........................................................................................................................................................... 181
7.3 RISK ASSESSMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................................................ 187
7.4 IDENTIFICATION OF MAJOR HAZARD INSTALLATIONS BASED ON GOI RULES, 1989 AS AMENDED
IN 1994 AND 2000:- ............................................................................................................................................................................. 200
7.5 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS ............................................................................................................................................. 206
7.6 BASIS OF PLAN AND HANDLING OF EMERGENCY:- ................................................................................................... 210
CHAPTER - VIII ......................................................................................................................................................................... 211
8.2. COMPOST PRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................... 211
8.3. BENEFITS OF LANDFILL ........................................................................................................................................................... 211
8.5 IMPROVEMENT IN PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE: .................................................................................................... 212
8.6 IMPROVEMENT IN SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ............................................................................................................ 212
8.8 OTHER PROJECT BENEFITS .................................................................................................................................................... 213
CHAPTER – IX ........................................................................................................................................................................... 214
ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN .............................................................................................................................................. 214
9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE .............................................................. 214
BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ............................................................................ 220
9.2 LEACHATE MANAGEMENT PLAN ......................................................................................................................................... 220
9.3 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN ..................................................................................................................................... 221
9.4 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLAN .................................................................................. 223
CHAPTER – X ............................................................................................................................................................................. 226
10.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT .................................................................................. 226
10.3 NEED OF PROJECT ..................................................................................................................................................................... 229
10.4 LAND DETAILS ............................................................................................................................................................................. 229
10.5DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED SITE FACILITY:- ........................................................................................................... 230
10.6 BASELINE MONITORING STATUS ..................................................................................................................................... 231
10.7 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN ............................................................................................................................... 233
CHAPTER – XI ........................................................................................................................................................................... 238
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
51 Prepared by-Wolkem India Limited
FIGURE 2.6 COLLECTIONS, TRANSPORTATION, TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL MODEL
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
52 Prepared by-Wolkem India Limited
Waste collection, transportations and disposal are interrelated functional elements of solid
waste management system. It is essential to segregate waste into different fractions,
commonly referred to as primary segregation. Segregation of MSW needs to be linked to
primary collection of waste from the doorstep and given high priority. The fractions into
which the waste has to be segregated in detail should be based on waste characterization.
This is referred to as the three-bin system. Apart from these wastes horticulture waste,
construction and demolition and sanitary waste should store and collected separately.
FIGURE 2.7 THREE BINS SYSTEM FOR SEGREGATION AT SOURCE
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
53 Prepared by-Wolkem India Limited
Waste collection service is divided into primary and secondary collection.
Primary collection refers to the process of collecting waste from households, markets,
institutions, and other commercial establishments and taking the waste to a storage depot
or transfer station or directly to the disposal site, depending on the size of the city and the
prevalent waste management system.
FIGURE 2.8 PRIMARY COLLECTION
Secondary collection includes picking up waste from community bins, waste storage depots,
or transfer stations and transporting it to waste processing sites or to the final disposal site.
Primary collection must be introduced both in small and large towns and cities. Secondary
collection systems are necessary in all cities and towns for collection of waste in the
community bins or at the secondary waste storage depots or at decentralized sorting centres
by sanitation workers for onward transportation of waste to processing and disposal facilities.
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
54 Prepared by-Wolkem India Limited
FIGURE 2.9 SECONDARY COLLECTION
Transportation of waste from collection centres to processing or final disposal site is very
important step for solid waste management system and for this purpose; suitable vehicles
and equipment’s are required. A well synchronized primary and secondary collection
and transportation system is essential to avoid containers’ overflow and waste littering
on streets. Further, the transport vehicles should not only be able to transport segregated
waste, but also be compatible with the equipment design at the waste storage depot to
avoid multiple handling of waste.
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
55 Prepared by-Wolkem India Limited
2.5.1 Major Components of the Project Scope
Complete management of generated MSW, including residential, commercial,
institutional, hotels, restaurants, markets, marriage garden, parks, dead animals,
non-hazardous industrial waste etc.
Procuring equipment, plant and machinery required for carrying out the project
activities, including Door-to-Door waste Collection, segregation and Transportation
of MSW generated within the project area.
Daily Primary and Secondary Collection of MSW generated within the Project Area,
including MSW from residential (Door-to-Door Collection), commercial,
institutional, market places, etc., as per the definition of MSW in this Agreement, in
compliance with MSW Rules.
Primary Collection of MSW to be promoted in a segregated manner in compliance
with MSW Rules.
Construction and O&M (Operation & Maintenance) of transfer stations/temporary
waste storage facilities, as the case maybe, for handling of waste at allocated lands.
The MSW collection and transportation system should preferably be designed as a-
(a) System in which the waste from Primary Collection vehicles is directly
transferred to primary collection bins/temporary waste storage
facilities/transfer stations for household waste;
(b) System in which community bins are provided for direct collection of other
waste such as waste from street sweeping, commercial places, garden waste,
vegetable markets etc;
(c) System in which the waste in primary collection bins/ temporary waste
storage facilities/community bins/transfer stations should be cleared once
on daily basis or more frequently if needed.
(d) System in which all the collection and transportation vehicles are deployed
with GPS/ RFID tags to detect tempering, track and monitor the vehicles and
hence efficiently plan the routing and resources for transportation system.
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
56 Prepared by-Wolkem India Limited
Transportation of collected MSW generated within project area in compliance
with MSW Rules.
Obtaining of all necessary statutory consent and clearances required for
implementation of the Project and maintaining thereon as per Applicable Laws.
Carrying out IEC (Information, Education and Communication) campaign to
sensitize citizens about their role in achieving the objectives of the Project.
Ensuring Employee Health and Safely (EHS) compliance during the entire
project duration, including the Implementation Period and ISWM Operations
Period.
Any other terms and conditions specified in the Signed Concession Agreement.
Key Objectives of the Project:-
To implement the project in accordance with rules and regulations mentioned
in the MSW (Management and Handling) Rules, 2016.
To ensure segregation of waste at source of waste generation in 'wet', 'dry' and
‘domestic hazardous’.
To achieve 3 R's rules of Reduce, Reuse and Recycling of waste through awareness.
To make use of waste as 'resource' so that only rejects needs to be transported to
SLF.
To ensure separate collection and transportation of different types of waste and
prevent mixing.
To build a strong monitoring system through advance MIS (Management
Information System) system.
To ensure accountability of waste management services for citizens through
effective GIS tracking and effective customer complaint system.
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
57 Prepared by-Wolkem India Limited
The Collection & Transportation operations will ensure that the following is
achieved:-
Waste minimization and reduction at source.
Door to door collection of waste from all residential, commercial,
institutional establishments in covered vehicles in compliance with MSW
Rules 2016 and in accordance with SLB for MSW.
Covered Bins for secondary collection in compliance with MSW Rules 2016.
Secondary collection and transportation in covered vehicles in compliance
with MSW Rules 2000/2016.
Covered waste transfer/storage facilities in compliance with MSW
Rules 2016 and CPCB/SPCB norms, if required.
2.6 TECHNOLOGY & PROCESS DETAILS
The process adopted for Processing of municipal solid waste at Deoghar involves conversion
of bio-degradable fraction of waste into compost through windrow composting method and
conversion of Fuel Grade fluffy material like soiled paper, cardboard, dry leaves, packaging
into Refused Derived Material.
Considering the quantity of solid waste generation in the project area, it is proposed to
establish a 200 TPD waste processing including-
a) 1 Number Pre-segregation unit of 200 TPD capacity to segregate waste
into two different stream i.e. compost and Refused Derived Fuel (RDF)
b) an aerobic composting plant to process 90 TPD of Bio-degradable material
c) A RDF processing plant of capacity 110 TPD
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
58 Prepared by-Wolkem India Limited
Estimation of Design Capacities of Waste Processing Plant
Waste Generation in Design Year (2032) 165.73 MT
Additional Waste Generation during Shrawan Mela on Normal Days (Normal inflow of devotes=125000, waste generation per person=250 gm)
31.25
MT
Additional Waste Generation during Shrawan Mela on Peak Days i.e. Sunday and Monday (Normal inflow of devotes=250000, waste generation per person=250 gm)
62.5
MT
Peak waste generation during Normal days of Shrawan mela in 2037
196.98
MT
Maximum waste generation during Peak days of Shrawan mela in 2037
228.23
MT
Adopted capacity of plant 200
MT
Deoghar city has a great religious importance and is visited by a very large number of
devotees/ pilgrims in the months of July- August to participate in SHRAVAN MELA. This
number runs into over 2 lac people visiting the city in a single day during the festive
season.
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
59 Prepared by-Wolkem India Limited
2.6.1 Overview of Process Flow Chart-
Based on the waste characteristics, proposed process consists of dry fermentation
composting (aerobic digestion), RDF. The flow chart of the process is shown in figure
below.
FIGURE 2.10 PROCESS FLOWCHART
> 75mm – FOR COMPOSTING PLANT
Reception of raw MSW
Weightment
Visual inspection of waste
Unloading of MSW
Addition of sanitizer
Manual sorting of inert
Loading of material on to moving floor feeder of pre-processing
section
Screening in 75 mm trommel screen
< 75 mm FOR RDF PLANT
RDF COMPOSTING
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
60 Prepared by-Wolkem India Limited
2.6.2 Process Description of Waste Processing
1st step in waste processing is to receive waste and its segregation into two different stream i.e.
compost and Refused Derived Fuel (RDF).
(A) REFUSED DERIVED FUEL
The conversion process of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) into Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF)
involves the following processes:
Homogenization
Size Reduction
Drying
Segregation
Densification (only for storage / transportation to long distance)
The particle size of MSW varies widely and it is difficult to handle MSW unless the particle
size is homogenized. The MSW after inspection is fed into a Pre-segregation system to
segregate waste into two different stream i.e. compost and Refused Derived Fuel (RDF).
Pre segregation of waste involves segregation into -75 mm fraction (Predominantly bio-
degradable) and + 75 mm (Pre-dominantly fuel grade material). Approx. 55% of MSW will
be of particle size more than 75 mm and balance 45% of MSW will be of particle size less
than 75 mm.
The Fraction (-75) mm will primarily contain organic matter and would be carried away to
windrow composting section.
The Fraction (+ 75 mm) fed to manual sorting Conveyor to remove large size objects and
subsequently fed to Dryer.
MSW in the Deoghar has been generally found to have high moisture content even during
non-rainy days and requires drying to produce RDF with reasonable heating value. MSW
will be fed by conveyors into a Rotary Dryer where wet MSW will be dried by injecting hot
air into it to reduce its moisture content from 35 - 40% to 15-18%. The hot air is generated
in a fixed grate specially designed Hot Air Generator (HAG) where woody biomass
extracted from MSW is combusted with suitable pollution control equipment like cyclone
separator and chimney.
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
61 Prepared by-Wolkem India Limited
MSW coming out of the Rotary Dryer is fed into the Rotary Trommel to separate the fines
below 5 mm particle size. The fine fraction separated with organic matter in it has been found
useful as garden manure.
The heavy non-combustible fractions of MSW like stones, glass etc. are separated by passing
through the specially developed Air Density Separator or Air Classifier in which the light
combustibles and dense fractions are separated. In the Dense fraction stream, manual
separation takes place to separate dense combustibles like woody biomass, large textiles etc.
for firing in the Hot Air Generator.
Before the MSW is fed into the Air Density Separator, one more Magnetic Separation takes
place to separate balance ferrous fraction from the feed.
After Density separation, the output is fed into in a Primary Shredder. Before the feed goes
into the Primary Shredder, it passes through a Magnetic Separator to separate ferrous
materials mixed with MSW. The light combustible fraction (paper/biomass/textiles etc.) thus
separated is called Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) Fluff having calorific value of 2500 kcal/kg
with 15% moisture and 15% ash.
Properties of RDF Fluff
Shape : Irregular
Size : Irregular
Bulk density : 100 x 100 mm
Proximate analysis
Moisture : 10 % - 20 %
Ash content : 10 % - 20 %
Volatile matter : 40 % - 60 %
Fixed carbon : 10 % - 20 %
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
62 Prepared by-Wolkem India Limited
Ultimate analysis
Moisture : 10 % - 20 %
Mineral matter : 15 % - 25 %
Carbon : 35 % - 40 %
Hydrogen : 5 % - 8 %
Nitrogen : 1 % - 1.5 %
Sulphur : 0.2 % - 0.5 %
Oxygen : 25 % - 30 %
TABLE NO-2.12 LIST OF PLANT & MACHINERY AND OTHERS
Equip
No
Equipment Name Capacity per equip.
(TPH)
1 Slat Conveyor 15
2 Inclined Conveyor 15
3 Manual Sorting Conveyor 15
3A Recyclable storage container/area 2
3B Bottle storage container 1
3C Heavy inert discharge 5
4 Blower
5 Slat Conveyor 15
6 Dryer feed inclined conveyor 15
7 Bio-clave type dryer 15
8 Slat Conveyor 15
9 Fine Trommel feed inclined conveyor 15
10 Fine Trommel (-10 mm) 15
11 Slat Conveyor 12
12 ADS feeding Inclined conveyor 12
13 ADS with Cyclone 12
13A Heavies discharge Conveyor 4
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
63 Prepared by-Wolkem India Limited
B1 Bin for collection
14 Fluff discharge Conveyor 6
11 Shredder feeding conveyor with magnetic
separator
6
12 Shredder 6
13 Air Compressor
(B) WINDROW COMPOSTING
Fraction (- 75 mm) will primarily contain organic matter and would be processed through
windrow composting section. A detail of technology is provided in subsequent paragraphs.
Aerobic Windrow Composting-
This is the most practical, energy conserving and least cost technology option for recovery of
value added organic fertilizer from the biomass. The technology is suitable for tropical,
subtropical and arid climatic conditions.
The recovered products i.e. organic compost will be of special importance to improve the
productivity of soil and reduce incidence of insects and diseases in crop plants.
KEY FEATURES OF TECHNOLOGY:-
1. Waste is sanitized with herbal extracts.
2. It is bio stabilised with enzymes.
3. Rapidly fermented in compressed time cycle.
4. MSW is processed through mechanical methods.
5. Various grades of compost are recovered for use under different soil/crop Conditions as per
requirement.
6. Over 90% organic waste which is main pollutant is utilised fully.
7. The natural carbon energy is put to use for further plant growth.
8. Space required as per details given table.
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
64 Prepared by-Wolkem India Limited
The above Process will result into-
In the simplified design, which has become increasingly popular in India as per MSW Rule
2000, the steps are as follows:-
Transportation of raw material / feed to the compost pad.
Material after pre-sorting of recyclables is deposited directly in the windrow area
after inspection.
Stacking of the material in windrows, hand sorting of large items.
Regular turning of windrows (0-7 days interval) using front end loader or a skid
steer loader.
Screening of the stabilized material after 35 days.
Curing for further 7 days.
Packing and Storage.
Removal and disposal of residual waste at the designated site (this part is still
neglected resulting in an unclean surrounding at the compost plant).
TABLE: 2.13- QUALITY STANDARDS OF COMPOST PRODUCED (AS PER SMW RULE,
2016)
Parameters Maximum Acceptable Concentration
parts per million (PPM)
A *B
Arsenic 10.00 20
Cadmium 5.00 20
Chromium 50.00 300
Copper 300.00 500
Lead 100.00 100
Mercury 0.15 10
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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Nickel 50.00 100
Zinc 1000.00 2500
C / N ratio 20-40 15-20
pH 5.5-8.5 6.5 to 7.5
Compost (final product) exceeding the above stated concentration limits should not be
used for food crops. However, it may be utilized for purposes other than growing food
crops.
THE PROCESS IN BRIEF:-
The fraction of 75 mm Solid waste coming out of pre-processing section is sent to windrow
pad for decomposition than sprayed with inoculants and water (from maintaining desired
moisture level) and the treated garbage will be stacked in the form of a windrow. Separate
windrows will be formed for each day’s collection. The reject coming out of the pre-
cleaning section is passed on to a sorting belt. Where the organic material, if any coming
out with the reject is sorted and then sent back to windrow found with the garbage. These
windrows will turned once in a week for proper aeration, so that aerobic process continues
uninterrupted. First stage of composting will be completed within 30-35 days.
After this the digested garbage is transferred to the rain shed where further digestion will
take place. From here the digested garbage will be fed by a feeder into the course
segregation section consists of series trammel which separate the digested garbage on the
basis of size. Each trammel is sent to landfill site directly. The reject coming out of the
second and third screen can be sent back to windrows for further digestion.
Material coming out of the last screen is transferred through a series of conveyor to curing
area, where further curing of the digested garbage (compost) lakes place. Various nutrients
such as rock phosphate etc. can be added to the compost therefore enhancing the quality of
the finished product. This material is then fed into a drag chain feeder, which transfers it to
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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a rotary screen through a bucket elevator; this rotary screen separates the material on the
basis of size. So that the digested compost coming out of it is acceptable in the market.
Screened material coming out of the rotary screen is fed to a gravity separator, which
separates materials such as Glass, metal etc. from the compost.
The reject material coming out of the rotary screen can be sent back to the curing area for
further digestion, compost, free from all major external impurities will be lifted through
another bucket elevator and discharged into a add- mixer and inoculums containing
various useful microbes like Azetobactor, PSB, Rhizobium and micro nutrients etc. will be
sprayed into the mixer inquired proportion for enriching the compost enriched organic
manure, which will have 20 – 25% moisture, is then weighed and packed and distributed.
Samples will be drawn at regular intervals from different stages for quality control.
Preferably as it is fast, exothermic and free form odour. Aerobic also help to eliminate
Pathogenic bacteria weed seeds, larvas etc. as a result of high temperature developed
during the process.
Design capacity of compost plant
Design capacity of compost plant is adopted as 90 TPD per day in 8 hours shift.
Gen. Technical Specification of Compost Plant-
(i) Windrow Platform-
Appropriate yard management is the first important step towards successful operation of
compost plant.
A. Compost windrow Pad – It is a non-permeable concrete platform where Windrows
of the waste are formed to accomplish composting process. Waste coming to the
Compost Pad is sprayed with inoculums and water to accelerate the digestion
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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process. This waste is then stacked in a form of Windrows. The cross section of the
windrows is so adjusted that it would get optimum surface area to volume ratio.
B. Digestion – A windrow will be kept at the same place for 7 days and aerobic
conditions will be maintained to aid in digestion process.
C. Turning – On every 7th day the windrow is turned to an adjacent location using
backhoe unit. After two turnings sanitization and decomposition phase of the fresh
garbage is over. Every day there will be one windrow which requires shifting to
Monsoon Shed and two windrows which requires turning.
(ii) Monsoon Shed
Material after digestion needs further stabilization and lose of moisture so that it can be
segregated in to different fractions. Also this shed protects feed material from rain. A
monsoon shed to accommodate the last seven days waste on windrow of size 168X10 m i.e.
1680 Sqm is required.
(iii) Coarse Segregation Section
Waste coming from the monsoon shed is lumpy, heterogeneous and slightly moist. This
section comprises of Trommel Screen which due to its cascading action helps loosening the
lumps and screen the waste efficiently.
Trommel- 35 – This is first screen in the section. It rejects the material having the overall
size of more than 35 mm. Organic material which is by now digested, break down in to
pieces and screen out of the Trommel. Screened material coming out of the Trommel
contains mostly organic material and small size inorganic material. Rejection coming from
Trommel Screen mainly consists of plastics, textile etc. The rejected material coming out of
the Trommel Screen is discharged at an suitable height in order to facilitate material
movement. Heap of the rejected material formed on the rejection yard will be removed
periodically and can be sent to the Landfill site.
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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Trommel-16 – This screen further segregate the material having the overall size more
than 16 mm. Screened material coming out of this section is below 16mm, uniform in
texture and contains semi – stabilised organic compost . This material is used for further
processing in the refinement section but before that it is kept in the curing section for
further stabilisation. Rejection from Trommel mainly consists of undigested organic matter
and inert material .This material can be used as masks on the fresh garbage windrows. This
masking prevents bird attraction and also assists in digestion process.
(iv) Curing Section
Material coming out of the coarse segregation section is semi-stabilized and it requires
further stabilization. Furthermore it contains certain amount of surface moisture which
needs to be removed before refinement of the product.
Material coming out of the Coarse Segregation Section is conveyed through conveyors and
dropped at different locations in curing area. These conveyors are kept at a suitable height
to allow heap formation below the drop point or the heaps can be formed by back hoe
loader/JCB. These heaps are kept in the area for 3 to 5 days for further stabilization and are
occasionally stirred to provide aeration. The temperature within the heap may go upto as
high as 65 °C, so moisture content of the material reduces and final refinement becomes
easier. Here some quality enhancing additives like Rock Phosphate can be added to the
material.
(v) Refinement Section
Refinement section serves the purpose of final dressing of compost. Here we remove fine
impurities as sand pebbles small glass etc. This section includes;-
Trommel Screen 6/4 - This Screen rejects the material with overall size more than 6-4
mm. Screened material coming out of the screen is sent ahead for further processing
whereas rejected material which contains some undigested organic matter is sent to the
Grinding section.
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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Gravity Separator - Screened material coming out of the Rotary Screen is sent to the
gravity separator which removes the impurities such as glass, metals, sand, silica etc. from
the organic manure.
(vi) Packing & Storage
Packing – High quality organic manure is passed through a packing spout and final packing
of the product takes place. Material is packed in 50 kg bags and then weighed. Bags are
then stitched using a portable sewing machine.
Storage – Packed material is finally stacked in the finished goods go down by using carts.
TABLE: 3.14- LIST OF PLANT - MACHINE - EQUIPMENTS – COMPOST PLANT
S.No Particulars – Machines Remarks / purpose
A.BIO COMPOSTING
01 Chain belt conveyor for I trommel Screened material conveying
02 Rotatory trommel I 50 mm dia Further separation of medium size
03 Rejection conveyor I chain belt type To drop out rejects
04 Chain belt conveyor IInd trommel Screened material conveying
05 Rotatory trommel II 16 mm dia For semi-finished compost recovery
06 Rejection conveyor II chain belt type For dropping out of pebbles, stones, ceramics
07 Chain belt conveyor III rd trommel Screened material conveying
08 Rotatory trommel III 6 mm dia ( Hole size) For semi-finished compost recovery
09 Rejection conveyor III belt type For dropping out of pebbles, stones, ceramics
10 Magnetic separator with conveyor To remove Fe metals
11 Distribution chain conveyor to vibro sieves For regulated feeding to vibro sieves
12 Density separator/De-stoner To recover final product from semi- finished material
13 Rejection conveyor IV (electric power) For dropping outstand glass
14 Air separator – classifier along with electric To collect matter and
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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power discharge at batch mixer
15 Packing chute with hopper & belt feeding For filling compost in HDPE bags
16 Dust collection & discharge device to be fixed on major dust generations areas
ACCESSORIES
01
Electric panels with each trommel and attachment set.
Regulatory control of power at each trommel site.
02
Hydraulic system 25 HP electrical moter. To provide power to entire trommel and attachment sets.
03
Bag stitching machines (nylon thread cone operation).
For bag stitching
04
Automatic bag filling machine (to be decided with manufacturer / supplier for performance)
Automatic bag filling with weighing accuracy.
05
Spray treatment motorized spray tanker of 3000 to 5000 lit capacity with stirrer – agitator
For treatment waste
(C) SANITARY LANDFILL
Landfill design involves development of concept, adoption of suitable procedure and safety
considerations. Landfill is a typical combination of different component and each of these
components has to be designed separately. Before generating a complete design of sanitary
landfill, design concepts for each component has been developed. For this process standard
design procedure by CPHEEO Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management, United States
7. Dalbergia sissoo Shisham Leaf juice for eye ailments, The wood and bark for blood diseases, burning sensations, dysentery, dyspepsia, leucoderma, stomach problems, and skin ailments.
EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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Crops & Cropping pattern
The main economic activity in the area is agriculture. Paddy, wheat and maize are the main
crops in the district. The agro climatic condition of the district is suitable for cultivation of a
variety of fruits like mango, guava, jackfruit and vegetables like cauliflower, tomato, brinjal
etc. However, in the absence of assured irrigation facility, agriculture is primarily rain-fed
and as a result, mainly mono-cropping and subsistence farming is practiced.
FAUNAL DIVERSITY IN STUDY AREA:-
Study was conducted in and around 10 km radius from the proposed site. The faunal groups
were recorded mostly on the basis of secondary information like discussion with forest
officials and local villagers No Schedule –I fauna has been reported in study area.
9. Syzygium cumini Jamun used as food, to make juice as medicine for stomach trouble.
10. Ficus benghalensis Bargad Leaves are used for wound & swellings.
11. Madhuca latifoli Mahua Bark are used for bronchitis, cough. Bark can mix with ghee & use for diabetes, leaves is used for Eczema.
12. Shorea robusta Sal Leaves & barks are curing skin, stomach, ear and hair ailments.
13. Tectona grandis Sagwan/Teak timber 14. Terminalia arjuna Arjun Use for heart disease and related
chest pain, heart failure, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol.
15. Terminalia chebula Harra Used in cold and cough & digestion problem.
16. Ocimum sanctum Tulsi Reduce swelling and pain. Tulsi cures in many skin disorders. It is efficient in skin rashes, insect bites and itching. Trampled leaves of Tulsi are extremely efficient in fever, cough, bronchitis and other medicinal problem of lungs.
EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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As per 2011 census the study area consisted of 65676 persons. The distribution of
population in the study area is given below.
TABLE 3.24: DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
Particulars 0-10 Km No. of Households 12147 Male Population 34389 Female Population 31287 Total Population 65676 Male Population(0-6 Years) 6271 Female Population (0-6 Years) 6031 Total Population (0-6 Years) 12302 Average Household Size 5 % Of 0-6 Years to the total Population 18.73% % Of males to the total Population 52.36% % of females to the total Population 47.64% Sex Ratio (no of females per 1000 males) 910 Source: Primary census abstract 2011, Deoghar district, Jharkhand and Banka district, Bihar
Human Settlement
The study area comprises 92 villages with population of about 65676 (Male-34389 & female
– 31287) and number of households are 12147. (According to the Census 2011).
Population
The total number of house hold is 12147 with an average house hold size of 5 people. Hence,
it is interpreted there are joint family systems in the study area. There are 65676 people in
the study area as per the census survey of India, 2011.
Gender Ratio
The data reveals that male and female percentage in this area is 52.36% and 47.64%
respectively. The study areas on an average 910 females are per 1000 males. Accordingly
census record the number of females per 1000 males indirectly reveals certain sociological
aspects in relation with female births, infant mortality among female children. The complete
demography of the area is given above in table no.1. Child 0-6 sex ratio is 962 female to
1000 male. In SC category 929 female to 1000 male and in ST category 907 females to 1000
male, details are presented in Figure-1.
EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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FIGURE 1: SEX RATIO IN THE STUDY AREA
Ari District Density: - The initial provisional data released by census India 2011, shows that
density of Deoghar district for 2011 is 602 people per sq. km.
Caste Categories:-
As per the classification under our constitution castes are divided into 4 major groups i.e.,
General, SC, ST and OBC as per their social status.
TABLE 3.25: DISTRIBUTION OF POPOLATION BY SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Particulars 0-10 km
Total Population 65676
SC Male Population 6992
SC Female Population 6497
Schedule Caste Total Population 13489
% to the total population 20.54%
ST Male Population 1969
ST Female Population 1786
Schedule Tribes Total Population 3755
% to the total population 5.72%
Total SC and ST population 17244
% to total population 26.26%
Source: Primary census abstract 2011, Deoghar district,
Jharkhand & Banka district, Bihar
910
962
929
907 900
910
920
930
940
950
960
970
980
990
1000
Total Female Female -06 Female - SC Female - SC
Series1
EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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Social stratification on the basis of caste is very much prevalent in our society from the
date back to the history. The population from general/upper castes is richer than SCs and
STs in terms of land and livestock. Various religion castes consisting of Hindus inhabit the
study area. As per 2011 census, the percentage of Schedule caste population is 20.54 % and
Schedule tribe population is only 5.72%, total population of SC and ST is 26.26% in study
areas which are very low. Details are presented in Figure 2
FIGURE 2: CASTE CATEGORIES IN THE STUDY AREA
Literacy Levels
The study area experiences a considerably average literacy rate of 59.36% (2011). The
distribution of literate and literacy rate of study area is in tabulated below -
TABLE 3.26: DISTRIBUTION OF LITERATE AND LITERACY RATES
Particulars 0-10 km Male population 34389 Female population 31287 Total population 65676 Male population (0-6years) 6271 Female population (0-6 years) 6031 Total population (0-6 years ) 12302 Male literates 20227 Female literates 11455 Total literates 31682 Male literacy rate (%) 71.94% Female literacy rate (%) 45.36% Total literacy rate (%) 59.36% Total Illiterates 21692 Total Illiteracy rate (%) 40.64% Source: Primary census abstract 2011, Deoghar district, Jharkhand & Banka district, Bihar
EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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The male literacy i.e. the percentage of literate males to the total males works out to be
71.94%. The female literacy rate, which is an important indicator for social change, is
observed to be 45.36 % as per 2011 census records.
From the above given data, it is revealed that illiterate rate is higher in the study area.
40.64% Population is Illiterate in the study area. Literacy rate is given in Table 3.26 and
Figure 3
FIGURE 3 LITERACY RATE IN THE STUDY AREA
Employment Pattern
Economic resource base of any region mainly depends upon its economically active group
i.e. the working population involved in productive work. Work may be defined as
participation in any economically productive activity. Such participation may be physical or
mental in nature. Work not only involves actual work but also effective supervision and
direction of work. It also includes unpaid work on farm or in family enterprise.
There are different types of workers that may be classified as - those persons who had
worked for at least six months or 183 days are treated to be Main Workers, on the other
hand if person categorized as worker has participated in any economic or productive activity
for less than six months or 183 days during the last one year is treated as Marginal Worker.
Non–workers are those who have not worked any time at all in the year preceding the
enumeration.
The workers coming under the main and marginal workers category are those involved in
activities such as cultivation, agriculture, livestock, forestry, fishing, hunting, plantations,
59.36%
40.64%
Total literacy rate
Total Illiteracy rate
EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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orchards and allied activities, mining and quarrying, manufacturing, processing, servicing
and repairs in household industry, construction, trade and commerce, transport, storage and
• Rubble, sand, Stone (Marble, granite, sand stone)
• Timber/wood
• Paints/varnishes
EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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Mitigation Measures-
The solid waste generated during this period being predominantly inert in nature. Hence
maximum effort would be made to reuse and recycle them. The most of the solid waste
material can be used for filing/ levelling of low-laying areas within the site. All attempts
should be made to stick to the following measures.
All construction waste shall be stored within the site itself. A proper screen will be
provided so that the waste does not get scattered.
Attempts will be made to keep the waste segregated into different heaps as far as
possible so that their further gradation and reuse is facilitated.
Materials, which can be reused for purpose of construction, levelling, making roads/
pavement will also be kept in separate heaps from those which are to be sold or land
filled.
The use of the construction material basically depends on their separation and conditions of
the separated material. A majority of these materials are durable and therefore, have a high
potential for reuse. It would, however, be desirable to have quality standards for the
recycled materials. Construction waste can be used in the following manner.
Reuse of bricks, tiles, stone slabs, timber, piping railings etc to the extent possible and
depending upon their conditions.
Sale/ auction of materials which cannot be used at the site due to design
constraint.
Plastics, broken glass, scrap metal etc will be stored and processed within the site
premises.
Rubble/ brick bats can be used for building activity, such as levelling, under coat of
lanes where the traffic does not constitute heavy moving loads.
Larger unusable pieces can be sent for filing up low laying areas.
Fine material such as sand, dust, etc can be used as cover material.
The unearthed soil can be used for levelling as well as for lawn development.
The broken pieces of the flooring material can be used for levelling in the building
or can be disposed of.
EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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4.2.2. Impact on Air Quality
The principal potential source of air quality impact arising from the construction of the
proposed project is fugitive dust generation. The dust, measurable as Suspended Particulate
Matter and Respirable Suspended Particulates would be generated as a result of
construction activities.
The potential dust sources associated with construction activities are loading and unloading
of the materials, top soil removal, transport vehicles moving over unpaved roads, thus
getting dust air borne and wind erosion.
Among all the construction activities, site formation has the highest potential for causing
dust nuisance to the nearby air sensitive locations. During the construction of the project,
existing houses nearby may be subject to the potential dust impacts.
Proposed mitigation measure-
1) The important dust suppression measures proposed will be regular water sprinkling
on main haul roads in the project area, this activity will be carried out at least twice a
day, if need arises frequency will be increased on windy days, in this way around 50%
reduction on the dust contribution from the exposed surface will be achieved.
2) Temporary tin sheets of sufficient height (3m) will be erected around the site of dust
generation or all around the project site as barrier for dust control.
3) Tree plantations around the project boundary will be initiated at the early stages.
4) In Plantation of regular watering will be done, so that the area will be moist for most
part of the day.
5) To reduce the dust movement from civil construction site to the neighbourhood the
external part of the building (administration, canteen, etc.) will be covered by plastic
sheets.
4.2.3. Impact on Water Quality
Preparation of designated area of land for subsequent development activities involves
levelling the ground surface, removal of vegetation, stockpiling and generation of
construction waste. The site formation may produce large quantities of run-off with high
suspended solids loading in the absence of appropriate mitigation measures.
EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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Proposed mitigation measures –
During site development necessary precautions will be taken, so that the runoff water from
the site gets collected to working pit and if any over flow is, it will be diverted to nearby
greenbelt/ plantation area. During construction activity all the equipment washed water will
be diverted to working pit to arrest the suspended solids, if any and the settled water will be
reused for construction purposes, and for sprinkling on roads to control the dust emission,
etc. The domestic sewage generated will be treated through septic tank/soak pit.
To prevent surface and ground water contamination by oil/grease, leak proof containers will
be used for storage and transportation of oil/grease. The floors of oil/grease handling area
will be kept effectively impervious. Avoid excavation during monsoon season. Check dams
shall be provided to prevent construction runoff from the site to the surrounding water
bodies.
4.2.4. Impact of Noise levels
The major activities, which produce periodic noise, during construction phase, are as
follows:
Foundation works
Fabrication of structures
Plant erection
Operation of construction equipment
Movement of vehicles etc.
Mitigation Measures – Noise
All noise generating equipment will be used during day time for brief period of its
requirement. Proper enclosures will be used for reduction in noise levels and where ever
possible the noise generating equipment will be kept away from the human habitation.
Therefore, impact on noise environment due to proposed project on surrounding habitation
would be insignificant. All vehicles entering into the project will be informed to maintain
speed limits, and not blow horns unless it is required.
EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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4.3 IMPACT DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE
4.3.1. Impact on Land Environment and Mitigation Measures
Permanent change in land use and topography will occur due to the proposed project as the
open land will be used for Development of Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Processing and
Engineered Sanitary Landfill facility. But land acquisition will not be a problem as the entire
project an area has no habitation and is already earmarked for waste processing and landfill
site.
The proposed landfill shall be constructed in line with Solid Waste Management Rules 2016
and guidelines from CPCB and MoEFCC. There will not be any major negative impact on
water environment (groundwater/surface water) from the proposed landfill. The liner
system will avoid leachate from entering into the groundwater. Monitoring bore wells shall
be established around the landfill to keep track of any contamination, which is unlikely
because of the liner system and engineering landfill construction. The leachate generated
from the landfill shall be collected in a leachate holding tank and it is used back on the
landfill for dust suppression. Excess leachate shall be properly treated in evaporation ponds
etc.
Impact on Top Soil
No significant impact is expected on the soils on and around the site, due to the following
management measures:
All solid wastes and hazardous wastes from the plant complex are properly collected,
stored and disposed.
The entire plant site area would be well drained and thus, there would be no leaching
of any substances in case of spills, which would be maintained well confined to the
spot and be decontaminated.
Reject Treatment.
Hence, no negative impact on soil quality on the project site is expected due to the
proposed project activities.
EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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4.3.2 Impact on Water Environment and Mitigation Measures
Impact on Ground water
During operational phase, there is a potential threat for the contamination of ground water
due to the generation of leachates particularly during rains when the surface runoff infiltrate
down the surface of finished and the operational cells of the landfills. Leaching may occur
and ground water may get contaminated if proper mitigation measures are not taken to
avoid the contact of Leachate with ground water. The base of the landfill shall be a minimum
of 2m above the highest groundwater level in order to mitigate any plausible contamination
of water.
Also the water retained in the cells of the landfills shall drift downwards under gravity and
may reach the ground water table. Sewage generated from domestic activities of workers at
the site can be potential source of ground water contamination if not managed properly. As
per the management plan the ground water quality shall be monitored at regular intervals in
the operational phase of the project to check for contamination.
To avoid contamination of ground water from leachate generated from the compost
windrow, a concrete windrow platform and an appropriate drainage system is envisaged for
continuous draining of Leachate generated. Also, it will be treated in the Leachate
evaporation pond and reused for maintaining moisture in composting, rather than being
discharged. Therefore, there are no impacts on the ground water quality due to composting.
Mitigation Measures
Proposed project proposes to establish an impermeable base liner system-
Clay liner of low permeability of 10‐7 m/s shall be placed in layers not exceeding 300
mm and then compacted to the desired permeability and then raised to a total
thickness of 90 cm.
The top of the clay liner, as well as the base of the landfill shall be effectively graded to
attain a clear slope of 1 to 2% towards the Leachate collection sump.
A HDPE liner shall be placed over the clay liner to ensure maximum impermeability.
Proposed project proposes to establish an elaborate leachate collection system comprising a
network of drainage pipes laid directly over the liner system and covered with a sand/gravel
drainage layer. Leachate shall be collected by a network of lateral and header pipes
EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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embedded in a drainage layer, all of which shall eventually drain into a leachate collection
sump. It is required to ensure there is no more than a limited head of pressure above the
base liner to cause leakage of liquid from the base of the landfill. The key features of a
leachate collection system comprise the following:
• A network of semi perforated HDPE pipes laid out directly over liners and graded
towards the collection sump at no less that 2% slope, with a slotting area of 100 Sq. Cm
per running meter of the pipe.
• A drainage layer 300mm thick of graded sand/gravel placed over the entire base of the
landfill, covering the pipe network (16‐32mm graded material).
• A geo‐textile placed over the primary liner serving the purpose of filter/ barrier
between the waste and the drainage media
There is also an elaborate system of treatment of the leachate in an Effluent Treatment Plant.
The treated leachate is then reused rather than discarded. Leachate will be reused for
maintaining moisture levels in the windrows. Due to such an elaborate system of leachate
collection, there is no impact on the ground water quality of the area.
Impact on surface water
Storm Water Management:-
Adequate storm water will be generated from the project site. Contamination of storm water
is possible from the following sources:-
Leachate generated from the waste and SLF.
Diesel and oil spills in the Diesel Power Generator & fuel storage area.
Waste spills in the solid/ hazardous waste storage area.
Oil spills and leaks in vehicle parking lots and washing area.
A detailed “Storm Water Management Plan” is developed after considering the above
sources. The plan incorporates best management practices which include the following:-
• Regular inspection and cleaning of storm drains.
• Cover waste storage areas.
• Avoid application of pesticides and herbicides before wet season.
• Secondary containment and dykes in fuel/oil storage facilities.
• Conducting routine inspections to ensure cleanliness.
EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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• Preparation of spill response plans, particularly for fuel and oil storage areas.
• Good housekeeping in the above areas.
Effluent Treatment for Leachate-
Waste water will be generated from the following sources:-
Leachate from Landfill
Leachate from Compost plant
Waste water from Floor Wash
Waste water from Domestic Demand
The leachate and other wastewater generation have been estimated to be about 1100 m3
per day. A Leachate Evaporation pond of 700 cum is proposed and balance leachate will be
recirculate to landfill and compost windrow. All stacking and loading areas should be made
impervious and provided with proper garland drains equipped with baffles to prevent run
off from the site to con
4.3.3 Impact on Air Environment and Mitigation Measures
During this phase, the sources of fugitive dust are due to movement of garbage laden trucks
and tractors to and fro the land fill site. The unloading of garbage trucks and tractors release
suspended particulates further; the operation of wheel loader during levelling operations (of
the dumped solid waste) creates fugitive particulates.
The gaseous pollutants referred to above shall be emitted by the trucks and tractors plying
for the transportation of daily garbage. This component of the gaseous pollutants shall be
small as compared to the quantum generated during construction phase. Methane and
ammonia are two gases expected to be released from the sanitary landfill.
Mitigation measures
The haulage trucks and tractors involved for garbage transportation shall be
covered fully with tarpaulins and shall be prevented from spillage of dirt during
transit.
A dense green belt with fast growing floral species as recommended by CPCB
with climatological adaptability shall be developed along the periphery of the
landfill site.
EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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The important dust suppression measures proposed will be regular water
sprinkling on main haul roads in the project area, this activity will be carried out
at least twice a day, if need arises frequency will be increased on windy days.
Impact & Mitigation of Foul Odor -
Although the odor emanating from a landfill is an inescapable problem, but the problem can
be mitigated if proper measures are taken. The proposed project proposes to cover the
wastes with daily and intermediate covers of soil on a regular basis to ensure that odor
generation is minimized.
Foul smelling gases like CH4 and H2S creates major impact if windrow operation is not done
properly. To mitigate the foul Odor emanating from the wastes, the windrows will be
punctured beforehand so that foul smelling gases like CH4 and H2S get slowly released. This
would reduce the intensity of foul smelling gases at the time of first turning.
Spray of herbal sanitizers and inoculums will be done to remove odour. The compost
facilities, roads, equipment and the surrounding area shall also be cleaned regularly to
remove the odor generating wastes. The processed compost is stored in sheds so as to avoid
attraction to birds and runoff due to rain or windblown entrainment of particles.
4.3.4 Impact of Noise / Vibrations & Mitigation Measures
Due to the various construction activities, there will be short‐term noise impacts in the immediate vicinity of the project site. The construction activities include: -
• Operation of DG sets, concreting and mixing.
• Excavation for foundations with driller.
• Construction plant and heavy vehicle movement.
Mitigation measures
During construction, the machinery used will be of highest standard of reputed make and
will adhere to the international standards. Proper enclosures and noise shields will be used
for reduction in noise levels. Also, since the project site is sufficiently away from habitation,
there will not be any significant increase in the impact of the noise generated from the site.
However, impact due to noise pollution can be minimized by ensuring that no noise
generating activity is carried out during night hours. All vehicles entering into the project
EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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will be informed to maintain speed limits, and not blow horns unless it is required. In this
context, it is to be noted that:
The noise levels predicted for the human settlements will be below the levels
specified by the CPCB for residential areas.
At places of continuous noise generation, continuous attendance of workers is not
required. Hence, the workers will not be exposed to continuously high noise levels.
The noise level at the critical places is of concern from occupational consideration
and adequate protective measures aimed at reducing the effect of noise levels will
have to be taken for these workers. The mitigation measures will include job
rotation and provision of earmuffs in high noise areas.
Earplugs/muffs, or other hearing protective wear will be provided to those working
very close to the noise generating machinery.
4.3.4 Impact on Biological Environment & Mitigation Measures
Impact on Flora and Fauna:
One portion of Land (Approximately 20% of total Land) have small Palash tree (Butea
monosperma). This is only predominant vegetation at site. There are no other plants or trees
endemic to the area and also, there are no endangered species found on the site. The fauna
present is also characteristic of the dry deciduous regions and comprises of common
mammals, reptiles and birds. Therefore land clearing activities will not result in any adverse
impact on the biodiversity of the area. The project operations will be carried out in a manner
as to minimize any disturbance of ecology in the area. Moreover, development of a green belt
with varied variety of trees would have a net positive impact.
During the construction stage removal of understory (shrubs and herbs) will reduce the
habitat for a few faunal species. It will be temporary and suitable alternatives are available
in nearby areas.
Mitigation Measures:
Green area of about 33% will be maintained around the facility, which will provide
more habitats to birds and smaller mammals. The landfill cover will also be
landscaped with local vegetation.
EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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Native species will be selected and healthy seedlings will be planted at intervals of
4 × 4-m in 60× 60 × 60-cm size pits filled with topsoil around the facility as well as
on the landfill cover.
No activities will be planned in the green buffer other than approach/ service road,
public amenities (activities which would not result in damaging the green cover).
Attempts will be made to ensure that all open spaces, where tree plantation may
not be possible, will be covered with shrubs and grass to prevent erosion of
topsoil.
4.3.5 Impact on Socio Economic Environment & Mitigation Measure
The impacts on socio-economics may occur due to noise, dust and odour issues which may
further affect community health and safety.
Impact on Social Status:
The study area is predominantly inhabited by rural population. The proposed project is
likely to provide more opportunities in employment to this area. The preference in
employment will be provided to the local residents in this area. Thus, population of the study
area will be benefited due to the project in terms of direct and indirect employment
opportunities.
Impact on Human Settlement
There is no displacement of any habitation or personnel and hence the rehabilitation and
resettlement action plan is not required.
Impact on Civic Amenities: Cattles & other stray animals are used to roam around the
existing open dump site, which creates disturbance to society. Open dumping of waste also
creates an unpleasant view and leads to emission of mal odour. It will control the diseases
menace which gets spread due to the unattended waste lying at dumping site, which attracts
flies, rats, and other creatures that in turn spread diseases in society. This leads to
unhygienic conditions and thereby causes rise in the health problem.
Aesthetics The landfill will be capped and the topmost layer will be landscaped thereby improving the
aesthetics of the area.
Impact on Public Health: Efficient waste collection & disposal of waste will improve the
living & health condition of inhabitants in the area. Littering of waste creates nuisance due to
unpleasant view and emission of foul odour. It will eliminate the ground for breeding of
242, Khata No- 58, District-Deoghar, Jharkhand proves to be the best location, considering
both the environmental and economic factors. The site is observed to be an open land.
5.2 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA AS PER SWM RULES 2016
The department in the business allocation of land assignment shall provide suitable
site for setting up of the solid waste processing and treatment facilities and notify such
sites.
The sanitary landfill site shall be planned, designed and developed with proper
documentation of construction plan as well as a closure planning in a phased manner.
In case a new landfill facility is being established adjoining an existing landfill site, the
closure plan of existing landfill should form a part of the proposal of such new landfill.
The landfill sites shall be selected to make use of nearby wastes processing facilities.
Otherwise, wastes processing facility shall be planned as an integral part of the landfill
site.
Landfill sites shall be set up as per the guidelines of the Ministry of Urban
Development, Government of India and Central Pollution Control Board.
The existing landfill sites which are in use for more than five years shall be improved in
accordance with the specifications given in this schedule.
The landfill site shall be large enough to last for at least 20-25 years and shall develop
‘landfill cells’ in a phased manner to avoid water logging and misuse. The landfill site
EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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shall be 100 meter away from river, 200 meter from a pond, 200 meter from highways,
habitations, public parks and water supply wells and 20 km away from airports or
airbase. However in a special case, landfill site may be set up within a distance of 10
and 20 km away from the airport/airbase after obtaining no objection certificate from
the civil aviation authority/ air force as the case may be. The landfill site shall not be
permitted within the flood plains as recorded for the last 100 years, zone of coastal
regulation, wetland, critical habitat areas, sensitive or eco-fragile areas.
The sites for landfill and processing and disposal of solid waste shall be incorporated in
the Town Planning Department’s land-use plans.
A buffer zone of no development shall be maintained around solid waste processing
and disposal facility, exceeding five tonnes per day of installed capacity. This will be
maintained within the total area of the solid waste processing and disposal facility. The
buffer zone shall be prescribed on case to case basis by the local body in consultation
with concerned State Pollution Control Board.
The bio-medical waste shall be disposed of in accordance with the Bio-medical Waste
Management Rules, 2016, as amended from time to time. The hazardous waste shall be
managed in accordance with the Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and
Tran’s boundary Movement) Rules, 2016, as amended from time to time. The E-waste
shall be managed in accordance with the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2016 as
amended from time to time.
Temporary storage facility for solid waste shall be established in each landfill site to
accommodate the waste in case of non- operation of waste processing and during
emergency or natural calamities
EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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TABLE 5.1 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA OF THE PROPOSED SITE
Criteria for landfill site
Required as per SWM Rule 2016
Actual Position
Design Life Period 20-25 years More than 20 years
Distance from River >100 Mtrs No river flowing within 100 m from the project boundary
Distance from Pond >200 Mtrs Not applicable
Distance from Highway >200 Mtrs Distance of highway is more than 200 m from the project boundary
Distance from Habitation
>200 Mtrs No habitation is settled within 200m from the project boundary
Distance from Public Parks
>200 Mtrs No public park exit in 200m from the project boundary
Distance from Water supply wells
>200 Mtrs No any water supply well was observed within 200m from the project boundary
Water table* 2 m from bottom liner of landfill
Criteria complied
Earthquake zone* 500 m from fault line fracture
The project district comes under seismic zone III.
Airport/Airbase >20Kms Dumka Airport is 67.27 Km in SE direction from project site. 10-20 Kms.
Floodplains (100 Yrs.) Not Allowed Not Applicable Zone of Coastal Regulations
Not Allowed
Wetland Not Allowed Critical Habitat Area Not Allowed Sensitive Eco Fragile Area
Not Allowed
General Conditions: EIA Notification 2006;Project is category A if
EIA Notification 2006; Requirement
Yes, the project falls under interstate boundary of Bihar which is distance about 2.65 km in NNW direction from project site.
Protected Area under Wildlife
>10 Kms Not Applicable
Critically Polluted Area under CPCB
>10 Kms Not Applicable
Notified Eco Sensitive Area
>10 Kms Not Applicable
Interstate Boundaries or International Boundaries
>10 Kms Bihar state border is at distance of 2.65 km in NNW from proposed project boundary.
********
EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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CHAPTER – VI
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
6.1 MONITORING SCHEDULE AND PARAMETERS
An environmental monitoring plan provides a delivery mechanism to address the adverse
environmental impacts of a project during its execution, to enhance project benefits, and to
introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all project works. An environmental
monitoring program is important as it provides useful information and helps to:-
Assist in detecting the development of any unwanted environmental situation, and
thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures.
Define the responsibilities of the project proponents, contractors and environmental
monitors and provides means of effectively communicating environmental issues
among them.
Define monitoring mechanism and identify monitoring parameters.
Evaluate the performance and effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed in the
Environment Management Plan (EMP) and suggest improvements in management
plan, if required.
Identify training requirement at various levels.
An environmental monitoring plan is suggested to monitor environmental parameters
during designing phase, construction phase and operation phase of the project. The
Monitoring plan is given in Table 6.1.
6.2 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM
The main objective of environmental monitoring program is aimed such that there is not
much of time lack between commencements of damage to environment mitigation measures
to various environmental parameters that are being affected. The Environmental Monitoring
Program involves the following-
Planning a survey and sampling program for systematic data/information
collection.
Conducting survey and sampling program.
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Analysis of samples and data/information collected, and interpretation of data
and information.
Preparation of reports for submitting to management and statutory authorities.
Environmental monitoring is carried throughout project operation to detect
changes in the key environmental quality parameters, which can be attributed
to the project.
The results of the monitoring program used to evaluate the following:-
1) Extent and severity of the environmental impacts against the predicted
impacts.
2) Performance of the environmental protection measures or compliance with
pertinent rules and regulations.
3) Trends in impacts and overall effectiveness of the project Environment
Management Plan (EMP).
Environmental Monitoring Program has been prepared for the proposed project for
assessing the efficiency of implementation of Environment Management Plan and to take
corrective measures in case of any degradation in the surrounding environment.
6.2.1. Air Environment
For the proposed project, the air emissions are from windrow process, DG sets and vehicular
movement. DG set is proposed as standby to use during power failure for emergency needs
using diesel as fuel and hence are not expected to contribute emissions to the environment
on regular basis. Ambient air quality in and around the project site (nearby villages) will be
monitored for important parameters.
6.2.2. Noise Environment
Monitoring of the noise levels and exposures is essential to assess the Environmental.
Management Plan implemented to reduce noise levels. A good quality integrated sound level
meter and noise exposure meter may be procured for the same. Audiometric tests will be
conducted periodically for the employees working close to the noise sources. Noise levels
will be monitored within the project site on regular intervals.
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6.2.3. Water Environment
Leachate, domestic sewage, water from piezometers, nearby bore wells, nearby surface
water will be analysed regularly for the parameters given below. They are as follows:
pH & EC
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Oil and Grease
Chloride
Sulphide
COD and BOD
Nitrates
Phosphates
6.2.4. Land Environment
The soil in the neighbouring areas will be analysed for the relevant parameters. The average
canopy height of the greenbelt, number and types of plant species will be monitored. Air and
noise pollution attenuation achieved by the greenbelt will also be evaluated. It would be
ensured that trained and qualified staff supervises the monitoring of ambient air, stack
gases, effluents, noise etc. to see that prescribed standards laid down are obtained.
6.3. SURVEILLANCE AND MONITORING PLAN
Monitoring of the municipal solid waste operations i.e. the physical environment and the
Public health in the vicinity of the Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Processing and disposal
facility is an integral part to design, construction and operation of the facility. The proposed
monitoring program for the proposed project has three interrelated objectives.
To check implementation and management of the various aspects required for
Impact mitigation.
To check how effective are the measures for mitigation and control of pollution.
In case of non - compliance further measures for rectification.
EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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All monitoring strategies and program have reasons and justifications which are often
designed to establish the current status of an environment or to establish trends in
Environmental parameters. In all cases the results of monitoring will be reviewed, analysed
statistically and submitted to concerned authorities. The design of a monitoring program
must therefore have regard to the final use of the data before monitoring starts.
The monitoring program will have three phases
1) Construction phase
2) Monitoring phase
3) Post monitoring phase
6.3.1. Construction Phase
The major construction activities involved in setting up the unit are construction of sheds for
treatment units, stores, administrative blocks, canteen etc. major components in the
industry are landfill, diesel generator, other civil, mechanical and electrical equipment. The
construction activities require clearing of vegetation, mobilization of construction material
and equipment. The construction activities are expected to last for few months.
During construction phase of landfill at every stage quality of construction will be monitored
viz. base preparation, liners quality, drainage layers, leachate collection system, storm water
management system, gas vent systems, etc. The generic environmental measures that need
to be undertaken during project construction stage are given in the following Table 6.1.
TABLE -6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE
S.No Potential Impact
Detailed Action to be Followed as per EMP
Parameters for Monitoring
Frequency of Monitoring &
Locations 1) Air
Emissions Ambient air quality within
the premises & adjacent villages of the Proposed unit to be monitored.
Maintenance of DG set emissions to meet stipulated standards.
PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, and CO Gaseous emissions (SO2, HC, CO, NOx)
Monitoring once in season except for monsoon (once a year) 24 hour reading as per NAAQS, 2009/CPCB guidelines in minimum 4 locations (one location at site & three in adjacent villages)
Compaction of soil during various construction activities
PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, and CO & Construction logs
Vehicle trips to be minimized to the extent possible.
Vehicle logs Random checks of
Periodic during site clearance & construction
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All equipment’s are
operated within specified design Parameters.
equipment logs/ manuals
activities.
Any dry, dusty materials stored in sealed containers or prevented from Blowing.
Stockpiles or open containers of dusty Materials.
2) Noise List of all noise generating machinery onsite along with age to be prepared.
Noise intensity in dB(A) Day & Night, Leq, Lmin, Lmax, L10, L90, L50
Noise reading Working hour
records Maintenance &
Random checks of vehicles equipment
records
logs/manuals
Instant Noise recording
Monitoring once in Season 24 hour reading as per standards in minimum 3 locations within 500m with respect to site. Regular during construction activities,
Night working is to be Minimized. Generation of vehicular activities noise Implement good working practices (equipment selection and siting) to minimize noise and also reduce its impacts on human health (ear muffs, safe Distances and enclosures). Acoustic mufflers/enclosures to be provided in large engines Noise to be monitored in ambient air within the plant premises. The noise level will not exceed the permissible limit both during day and night times
3) Soil Erosion Minimize area extent of site clearance, by staying within the defined boundaries Protect topsoil stockpile.
Soil texture, pH, Salinity, Sodium, Nitrates, Phosphates, Organic content, potassium, sand, silt and clay, Electrical Conductivity Site boundaries not extended /breached as per plan document Effective cover in Place.
Once in a season monitoring except for monsoon (once a year) in minimum 3 locations (1kg sample at every station)
EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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4) Ground water, Surface water & Wastewater Discharge
No direct discharge of Wastewater to be made to surface water, groundwater or soil. The discharge point would be selected properly and sampling and analysis would be undertaken prior to discharge. Take care in disposal of wastewater generated such that soil and groundwater resources are protected.
Colour, Temperature, Turbidity, Electrical Conductivity, Total dissolved solids, Total suspended solids pH, salinity, Dissolve Oxygen, Alkalinity as CaCO3, BOD, COD, Nitrate, Sulphates, Phosphate as PO4, Calcium Heavy Metals (Arsenic, Zinc, Cadmium, and Lead), Chlorides, Boron, Iron, Fluorides, Copper and Chromium, Total Coliform count Discharge norms for effluents as given in Permits
Once in a season monitoring except for monsoon (once a year) in minimum 2 locations in and around the site. Two litres of samples from each source, locations are chosen based on availability of ground & surface water body within study area.
5) Drainage and Effluent Management
Ensure drainage system and specific design measures are working effectively. The design to incorporate existing drainage pattern and avoid disturbing the same.
Visual inspection of drainage and records thereof
Periodic during construction activities
6) Waste Management
Implement waste management plan that identifies and characterizes every waste arising associated with proposed activities and which identifies the procedures for collection, handling & disposal of each waste arising.
Comprehensive Waste Management Plan should be in place and available for Inspection onsite. Compliance with SWM Rules, 2016
Periodic check during construction activities
7) Impact on Ecology (Flora & Fauna)
Vegetation, greenbelt / green cover development
No. of plants, species Once in a season monitoring except for monsoon (once a year) at site
EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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8) Non-routine events and accidental releases
Plan will be drawn, considering likely emergencies and steps required to prevent / Limit consequences.
Mock drills and records of the same
Periodic during construction activities
9) Health Employees and migrant labour health check-ups
All relevant parameters Including HIV.
Regular check-ups as per Factories Act
6.3.2. Operation Phase:-
During Monitoring and auditing following procedures will be taken:-
Reducing operational costs.
Training the staff and defining the responsibilities.
Facilitate adequate equipment and materials for proper handling of municipal
solid waste.
Providing write up to-date procedures specifying operational methods.
Maintenance and calibration of the equipment both for operations and
Monitoring.
Retention of record.
Regular monitoring of the various components of the physical environment is
planned during the operations period of the facility and also during the post-closure
period.
TBALE 6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES DURING OPERATION PHASE
S.No
Potential Impact Detailed Action to be Followed as per EMP
Parameters for Monitoring
Frequency of Monitoring &
Locations 1) Air Emissions Gas quality from landfill
areas VOC, H2S, Methane & CO2
Monitoring every six months (as per CPCB guidelines & 24 hour reading as per NAAQS, 2009) at minimum of 3 locations near project site. Also EC norms given by MoEF&CC should be complied.
Stack emissions from DG sets
PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, SO2, HC, and as per NAAQ Standards & CTE conditions
AAQ within the Project premises.
All vehicles to be PUC Certificate.
Vehicle logs to be maintained
Meteorological data Wind speed, direction, temp., relative Humidity and rainfall.
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2) Noise Noise generated from operations to be monitored
Noise intensity in dB(A) Day & Night, Leq, Lmin, Lmax, L10, L90, L50
Monitoring every six months (as per CPCB guidelines & 24 hour reading as per Standards) at minimum of 3 locations within 500 m with respect to project site.
3) Wastewater Discharge (leachate)
Compliance to wastewater discharge standards
pH, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD and Oil & grease (heavy metals, if required), & Toxicity
Daily at regular intervals
Once in a month by third party
4) Solid waste/Hazardous Waste
Check compliance to applicable SWM rules
Quality & quantity Monitoring & records
Periodically CPCB norms.
5) Ground & Surface Water Quality
Monitoring ground water quality, through piezometers
pH, salinity, total dissolved solids, BOD, Coliform count, DO, electrical conductivity, Chlorides & COD And as per CPCB guidelines
Once in a season monitoring except for monsoon (once a year) in minimum 2 locations in and around the site. Two litres of samples from each source, locations are chosen based on availability of ground & surface water body within study area as per CPCB norms.
6) Flora and Fauna Vegetation, greenbelt / green cover development
No. of plants, species
Once a year
7) Soil quality Checking & Maintenance of good soil quality around
Soil texture, pH, Salinity, Sodium, Nitrates, Phosphates, Organic content, potassium, sand, silt and clay, Electrical Conductivity and Heavy Metals.
Monitoring every six months (as per CPCB guidelines) at 3 locations. 1kg sample at every station.
8) Health Employees and migrant labour health check ups
All relevant parameters (BP, HIV, Chest X-ray, Eye vision, etc.) and HIV for workers
Regular check-ups as per Factories act.
EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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6.3.3. Post-closure Monitoring
Post-closure monitoring of the landfill will be done primarily as a compliance
requirement in addition to social responsibility this also provides an early warning
towards possible adverse impacts on human health and the environment. The post-
closure program of monitoring for water quality in the ground water and surface waters
down gradient of the landfill will be similar to that established for the operational stage
of the facility. The frequency of monitoring may be varied from time to time depending
on changing circumstances. There is no need for the post closure monitoring of air
quality, noise or visual effects during the post closure period. However, this need will be
reviewed periodically and should any aspects warrant, further monitoring will be
included in the program.
TABLE 6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES DURING POST OPERATION PHASE S.No Potential
Impact Detailed Action to be Followed as per EMP
Parameters for Monitoring
Frequency of Monitoring
1) Air Emissions Gas quality from landfill areas
VOC, H2S, Methane & CO2
EC conditions given by MoEF & CC and as per CPCB protocol.
AAQ within the project premises All vehicles to be PUC Certificate.
As per NAAQ Standards Vehicle logs to be maintained.
Meteorological data Wind speed, direction, temperature, relative Humidity and rainfall.
2) Wastewater Discharge (leachate) if present
Compliance to wastewater discharge standards
pH, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, Oil & grease, Heavy metals
Once in a month (during initial period more regularly)
3) Ground Water Quality and Water Levels
Monitoring ground water quality, and water levels within
As per CPCB protocol Periodically and CPCB protocol
4) Flora and Fauna
Vegetation, greenbelt / green cover development.
No. of plants, species Once a year
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TABLE NO- 6.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN Environmental
Component Project Phase Monitoring Institutional
Responsibility Air Parameters Standards Frequency Duration
Pre‐Construction Phase
PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NH3, CH4 , CO
As per MSW (M&H) Rules, 2016 and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1984
8 hourly samples per day for CO, CH4 & NH3. 24 hrs sampling for PM, and SO2
Once Contractor through approved monitoring agency
Construction Phase PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NH3, CH4 , CO
8 hrs samples per day for CO, CH4, NH3 once in a month. 24 hrs sampling for PM, and SO2
Quarterly till completion of construction phase
Contractor through approved monitoring agency
Operation Phase PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NH3, CH4 , CO
3 locations, 8 hour samples per day, and monitoring for three Seasons.
Continuous 8 hour/or for 1 full working day, twice in each season except monsoon.
Contractor through approved monitoring agency
Ground Water Pre‐Construction Phase
pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), heavy metals like As, Cd, Cr, Co, CN, Pb, Hg, Ni, Zn etc., Nitrate, Fe, Chloride, Phenolic Compounds and Sulphate.
As per Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2016 and Water quality standards by CPCB/ IS 10500:1991
Grab sampling at above selected locations
Twice a year Contractor through approved monitoring agency
Construction Phase pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), heavy metals like As, Cd, Cr, Co, CN, Pb, Hg, Ni, Zn etc., Nitrate, Fe, Chloride, Phenolic Compounds and Sulphate
As per MSW (M & H) Rules, 2016 and Water quality standards by CPCB/ IS 10500:1991
6 Samples in Pre monsoon and 6 samples in post monsoon during operation phase
Twice in every year during operation phase
Contractor through approved monitoring agency
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Operation Phase Do As per MSW (M & H) Rules, 2016 and Water quality standards by CPCB/ IS10500:1991
Noise Pre‐Construction Phase
Noise level on dB(A) scale
Noise standards by CPCB
Hourly monitoring for 24 hours at once
Once
Construction Phase Noise level on dB (A) scale
Noise standards by CPCB
Hourly monitoring for 24 hours at once
Twice a year
Operation Phase Noise level on dB(A)scale
Noise standards by CPCB
Hourly monitoring for 24 hours at once
Quarterly
Soil Pre‐Construction phase
Color, pH, Electrical Conductivity, Moisture Content, Organic Carbon, Bicarbonate, Chloride, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, SAR, N, Texture
As per Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and MSW (Management and Handling) Rules, 2016
Representative samples form in and around project site
Once Contractor through approved monitoring agency
Operation Phase Do As per Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2016
Representative samples form in and around project site
Twice a year Contractor through approved monitoring agency
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Lead, Mercury, Nickel, Zinc, C/N Ratio, pH
(Management & Handling) Rules, 2016
phase of the project
agency
Social Factors Pre‐construction phase
Aesthetics, Vectors, Odor, Health of surrounding Habitants and workers, communicable disease and occupational diseases (like skin infection, lung infection, fungal infection, etc
As per Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2016
Once Once Contractor through approved monitoring
agency
Construction Phase Aesthetics, Vectors, Odor, Health of surrounding Habitants, Communicable diseases
As per Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2016
Yearly monitoring of workers health and monitoring of diseases in the surrounding community
During construction
phase
Contractor through approved monitoring
agency
Operation Phase Do Do Yearly monitoring of workers health and seasonal monitoring of diseases in the surrounding Community. Annual assessment of the ratio of the incident of particular disease related to the project activity
During operation phase
Contractor through approved monitoring
agency
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6.4 Public Health Monitoring
There is three-stage health-monitoring program is proposed.
Monitor the health of workers within the project site to identify adverse health
Effects.
Periodically obtain feedback from local doctors regarding any potential indicators of
adverse health effects due to environmental cause in the communities surrounding,
and particularly down-stream of the landfill.
By organizing health camps on regular basis.
6.5 BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
The below table give overall investment on the environmental safeguards and
recurring expenditure for successful monitoring and implementation of control
measures.
TABLE 6.5: COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES
S. No. Particulars
Capital cost (In Rs.)
Annual recurring cost (in Rs.)
Proposed Proposed
1 Air pollution control system 8.0/- 5.0/-
2 Environment monitoring -- 4.0/-
3 Proposal of Rain water harvesting 5.0/- 1.0/-
4 Green belt 5.0/- 2.5/-
5 Occupational measures 5.0/- 3.0/-
6 Miscellaneous 5.0/- 3.5/-
Total 28.0/- 19.0/-
*****
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CHAPTER - VII
ADDITIONAL STUDIES
7.1 INTRODUCTION
The additional studies carried out for the proposed Integrated Solid Waste Management
5 Shri Mohan Mali , Employment related issues Employment will be no longer issue for the
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Gidni were raised localize in priority.
6. Shri Kishan Yadav
, Pachiyari Kothiya
Localites asked about the
getting the compost from plant.
He replied that after the totality of plant
commission the remaining part will be
shared among the localize people
7. Shri Krishna
Rawat , Pachiyari
Kothiya
1. Here the plant will be
established and fertilizer and
compost material will be
generated ,so it should be firstly
share amongst the farmers and
localities as they are in need of
it.
2. Iirigation and fertilization is
also getting effected.
3. young localize should get
employment first .
He replied that after the totality of plant
commission the remaining part will be
shared among the localize people.
He assured that the employment will be
preferably prioritized for localise
8. Shri Jitendra
Yadav , Pachiyari
Kothiya
1.After processing of plant
fertilizer should be given.
2. Due to deficiency of land
,Irrigation and fertilization is
less .
3. Employment related issues.
Quarter amount of compost will be share
amongst the lcoalize people.
He assured that the employment will be
preferably prioritized for localise
9. Shri Krishna Kaul ,
Pachiyari Kothiya
1. Localize informed that they
are been into debt and loss of
50,000/- per year in farming.
2. stinking smell is the most
unfavourable issue .
3.Employment has not been
generated till now as it was said
earlier .
Quarter amount of compost will be share
amongst the lcoalize people.
For precautions we will arrange Fogging to
avoid the respective problem
He assured that the employment will be
preferably prioritized for localise
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7.3 RISK ASSESSMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
The principal objective of the risk assessment study is to identify and quantify the major
hazards and the risk associated with various operations of the proposed project, which may
lead to emergency consequences (Disasters) affecting the public safety and health. Based on this
information, an emergency preparedness plan is to be prepared to mitigate the consequences.
The approach involves hazards identification, assessment, valuation and developing Disaster
Management Plan (DMP).
7.3.1 Risk analysis: - Risk analysis includes an estimate of the probability or likelihood that
an event will occur. Estimation of random incidents totally uncorrected with plant activities
may also be taken. Risk can be characterized in qualitative terms as high medium or low, or
in quantitative terms using numerical estimates and statistical calculations. For practical
purposes a risk analysis may be based on a subjective, common-sense evaluation. Both
probability and consequences are extremely important in evaluating risk. A high risk
situation can be the result of a high probability with severe consequences (e.g. irreversible
health effects or death due to an airborne toxic dust, a fire or explosion with Injuries or
fatalities), whereas moderate risk situations can be a result of either high probability with
mild consequences or low probability with more severe consequences.
In order to be in a state of readiness to face the adverse effects of accidents, an Emergency
Preparedness Plan (EPP) has to be prepared. Such a plan must. Inter-alia, cover the possible
hazardous situations in the locality and the causes, areas most likely to be affected, on-site
and off-site plans, establishment of Emergency Control Centres (ECC), location of emergency
services and duties of officers/staff during emergency.
The following major hazards are anticipated in the proposed project:-
Hazardous pertaining to fires in project / plant area
Fire in diesel storage areas, garbage storage area and disposal areas
Natural disaster (Earthquakes, flooding etc.)
Electrical accidents,
Flooding from man-made causes,
Rainfall induced landslides,
Environmental & Health Aspects
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7.3.2 Disaster management plan-
Emergency preparedness and prevention through good design, operation, maintenance and
inspection is essential to reduce occurrences of eventualities. The overall objectives of the
DMP is to make use of the combined resources at the site and outside services to achieve the
following-
Localize the emergency on property and people
• Minimize effects on property and people
• Effective rescue and medical treatment
• Evacuation
In order to be in a state of readiness to face the adverse effects of accidents, an Emergency
Preparedness Plan (EPP) has to be prepared. Such a plan must. Inter-alia, cover the possible
hazardous situations in the locality and the causes, areas most likely tombe affected, on-site and
off-site plans, establishment of Emergency Control Centres (ECC), location of emergency services
and duties of officers/staff during emergency.
On-site Disaster-
If an accident/incident takes place within industrial area and its effects are confined to the
premises, involving only the persons working in the Industrial area and the property inside
the Industrial area, it is called as on-site disaster.
Off-site Disaster
If the accident is such that its affects inside the industrial area are uncontrollable and it
may spread outside the premises, it is called as off-site disaster.
(A) On-site Disaster Management Plan-
Main Elements of On-site Emergency Plans-
Leadership and administration.
Role and responsibilities of key personnel.
Emergency action.
Light and power.
Source of energy control.
Protective and rescue equipment.
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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Communication.
Medical care.
Mutual aid.
Public relation.
Protection of vital records.
Training.
Periodical revision of plan
Action Plan for on-site Disaster Management Plan:-
7.3.2.1. Control Centre
This is the main centre from where the operations to handle the emergency are directed
and coordinated. Facilities to be made available in the control centre are:
Internal and external communication.
Computer and other essential records.
Daily attendance of workers employed.
Storage of hazardous material records and manufacturing records.
Pollution records.
Plan of the industrial area showing:
a) Storage area of hazardous materials.
b) Storage of safety equipment.
c) Fire fighting system and additional source of water.
d) Site entrance, roadway and emergency exist.
e) Assembly points.
f) Truck parking area.
g) Surrounding location.
Note Book, pad and pencil.
List of Key Personnel with addresses, telephone number etc.
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TABLE 7.2 KEY PERSONS AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES DURING EMERGENCY
S. No. Key Person Responsibilities
Site Main Controller On reaching he will assess the magnitude of the
situation in consultation with Incident Controller
and decide whether inside or outside help are to
be called (i.e. Fire Service, Police, and Ambulance
etc.).
Ensure that key persons are called in.
Give guidance and direction in vital and
important activities to control the emergency
situation.
Direct to close down and evacuation of the plants
in consultation with Incident controller and key
personnel.
Inform the government authorities such as
Collector, MC, Factory Inspector, Health Officer &
Medical Officer and request them for their help
as situation demands.
Give prime importance to human life and
guidance in organizing the rescue operations as
well as ensure whether injured people getting
proper medical attention in time.
Always be in touch with the Incident Controller
to get further progress and decide further plan.
On completion of emergency situation declare
the normalcy through Administrative Officer.
Control the re-occupation of the affected areas
on discontinuation of emergency.
Do not permit to re-start the plant unless it is
safe.
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Give authentic statement of the incident to news
media & government authorities.
Incident Controller Take the charge of situation and assess the
magnitude of the event.
Control and guide all the operations with
priorities to the safety of personnel, minimize
pollution, loss of material and loss to the plant
equipment and property.
Provide advice and guide to the fire fighting
and rescuing squad and fire brigade while
they arrive.
Establish communication with emergency
control centre.
Report on all significant developments to the
emergency control centre through
phone/messenger.
Ensure that evacuation of the areas in the
factory getting affected is complete.
After the emergency situation is brought
under control, assure that the necessary
evidence for further investigation in the
incident is preserved and inform Site
Controller regarding control of emergency.
Technical Staff /
Department Head
As soon as informed, rush to the spot and take
charge of the situation till senior group
arrives.
Ensure that emergency siren is raised which
gives information to security, safety,
administration staff and technical staff.
On arrival of Incident Controller, inform him
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about the gravity of the situation and then to
work under his guidance to control the
situation.
Ensure that only experienced and essential
people remains at the location for controlling,
while others to be evacuated from the scene.
Employees Near The
Spot (Incident Area)
Tackle the emergency as per laid down
procedures for the area bearing in mind the
requirements of the situation called for by the
progress of the emergency.
Remove all non-essential employees (who are
not assigned any emergency duty) to evacuate
the area and gather at the specified assembly
points.
Stop the operations as per the information of
the Incident Controller.
Employees Of Other
Department
On getting information of incident, take
permission of superior and confirm own
plant, department, safety and then after
trained and skill persons will rush to incident
spot with necessary personnel protective
equipment.
Approach the spot from up wind direction
and assemble at safe place near to the spot
taking in to consideration the wind direction.
Extend help to control the situation as per the
instruction and guidance given by the senior
persons controlling the operation.
Personnel Officer Basically he will work as a Liaison Officer and
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will station at emergency control centre during
emergency. He will work under the direction of
Site Controller.
To ensure that the casualties receives adequate
attention at first aid centre, also ensure
additional help if require from government
authorities or outside agencies.
Arrange transport facility for injured personnel
to get timely medical help.
He will also arrange for head count at assembly
points and will inform Site controller.
Also be in touch with the security and other
departments for help.
Will check the roll call from time office for
availability of trained personnel during
emergency situation at the site.
Determine the need to inform statutory
authorities of the accident and fill the necessary
forms for submission with consultation of the
Site Controller.
When emergency is prolonged, arrange for the
relief of personnel as well as inform the families
of injured persons and
Organize refreshments / catering facility.
When emergency declared immediately rushed
to emergency control centre.
Administrative Officer When emergency declared, immediately rushed
to the emergency control centre and establish
contact with Site Main Controller.
Ensure the communication between site
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controller and incident controller. Keep
messenger for communication.
Make arrangement to send portable megaphone
and torches to the Incident Controller if
required.
On receiving instructions from Site Controller,
organize transportation for the evacuation of
people from the assembly points.
As per instructions from Site Controller will
inform to head office, insurance surveyor, other
relevant authorities and neighbouring areas.
On getting instructions from site controller /
incident controller, he will be in touch with
other Industries for help in emergency.
Will arrange to announce necessary instructions
for all personnel.
Ensure that telephone operator keeps the
EPABX free to extend possible for incoming
calls.
Ensure that press and other media do not
publish unauthentic news.
Engineering Services
Key Personnel
When emergency declared, immediately
proceed to Emergency Control Centre.
Ensure the availability of electrical wiremen,
utility, maintenance employees and drivers.
Ensure the water supply & electric power
generator in case of power failure.
Be in touch with the site controller / incident
controller to extend help as and when required.
Arrange the vehicle as per required by
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administrative /personnel officer.
Security & Fire In-
Charge
On getting instruction from site
controller/incident controller, cordon the
affected area to maintain law and order.
As per instruction from site controller/ incident
controller, arrange to use the fire extinguishers.
Ensure the following duties by security guards.
Stop all vehicles and visitors entering into the
factory, except any government authorities such
as fire brigade, police, factory inspector, medical
staff and inform administrative officer on their
arrival.
If any press reporter and local leader come at
the main gate, take them to administration
office.
Do not allow any vehicle to park at the main gate
or nearby at main road.
Assure that the entrance of the gate is clear for
thorough fare. In similar way control/ guide
internal traffic for smooth operations.
Act according instructions given by personnel
and administrative officer.
Ensure that all essential personnel evacuated
and assembled at assembly points.
Arrange effective security nearby the incident
place
First Aid Attendants As per the instructions given by incident
controller, arrange the supply of additional
emergency related equipment to the incident
place. Give necessary First Aid treatment to the
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affected persons immediately.
Inform the personnel and administration officer
regarding the severity of injury and advice for
further medical help if necessary.
Ask for additional trained first-aider, if required.
On arrival of doctor, assist him to give medical
treatment to the affected people.
Safety Officer On hearing emergency siren rush to the spot
and assume the position of incident controller
and take care of the situation till a senior
personnel arrives and on their arrival work with
them in team, extending their own expertise.
Give instructions and guideline to the people
involved in control measures. As well as help in
providing required PPE.
Give instructions to the safety attendants.
Brief the site main controller about the progress
of control measures.
Advise site controller regarding type of help
required from outside.
Give instructions to other department through
internal phones /Communication Officer.
Make arrangement to carry out monitoring
whenever necessary and appraise results to the
concerned seniors.
Driver On getting information from communication
officer remain alert and wait for further
instructions along with Ambulance van to meet
with emergency.
Extend help to shift the injured people from site
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of incident to first-aid and if required to hospital
through ambulance / other vehicle.
Electrical /
Utility
Personnel
After getting the information rush to the spot
with necessary personal protective equipment
and if instructed by incident controller cut off
the power supply to the affected area.
Ensure that the D.G. Set is in running condition.
Extend help to the Utility operator in
maintaining adequate supply of water and
others under guidance of supervisors.
Information of Assembly Points
At the time of emergency, non - essential workers, casual workers, visitors and others are to
be replaced to assembly points and separate in charge are nominated. Number of
Assembly points and location are decided based on the layout of the plant.
In case of an emergency, the visitors, contract persons and factory employees will gather at
nearby assembly point. Pre-designated persons will take their roll call. If needed, they can be
evacuated easily through any gate in a short period as per instruction of site main controller.
For outside help, company authority will make a mutual understanding with the following
Authorities to extend their help whenever an emergency occurs:
Doctors from civil hospital
Police station
Fire brigade
Time to time company has to inform/impart training to concerned employees for awareness
about chemicals and its hazards and the precautionary measures on their part. An
emergency guide will be provided to each employee, which gives guidance to him or her
during an emergency.
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(B) Off-site Disaster
The main objectives of the off-site emergency plan are:
To save lives and injuries.
To prevent or reduce property losses.
To provide for quick resumption of normal situation or operation.
Chemical accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996
Prescribes for the constitution of the State Crisis Group as apex body at the State Level to
deal with major chemical accidents and to provide expert guidance for handling major
chemical accidents. Schedule 7 and Schedule 8 of the Chemical Accidents (Emergency
Planning, Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996 prescribes for the constitution of District
and Local Crisis Groups.
(i) Functions of the State Crisis Group:-
Review all district off-site emergency plans in the State with a view to examine its
adequacy in accordance with the Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous
Chemical rules and forward a report to the central crisis group once in three months.
Assist the state government in managing chemical accidents at a site .
Assist the state government in the planning, preparedness and mitigation of major
chemical accidents at a site in the state.
Continuously monitor the post-accident situation arising out of a major chemical
accident in the state and forward a report to the central crisis group.
Review the progress report submitted by the district crisis groups.
(ii) Functions of the District Crisis Group:-
Assist the preparation of the district off-site emergency plan.
Review all the on-site emergency plans prepared by the occupier of major accident
hazards installation for the preparation of the district off-site emergency plan.
Assist the district administration in the management of chemical accidents at a site
lying within the district.
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Continuously monitor every chemical accident.
Ensure continuous information flow from the district to the Centre and State Crisis
Group regarding accident situation and mitigation efforts.
Forward a report of the chemical accident within fifteen days to the State Crisis
Group.
Conduct at least one full scale mock-drill of a chemical accident at a site each year and
forward a report of the strength and the weakness of the plan to the State Crisis
Group
(iii) Functions of the Local Crisis Group:-
Prepare local emergency plan for the industrial pocket.
Ensure dove tailing of local emergency plan with the district off-site emergency plan.
Train personnel involved in chemical accident management.
Educate the population likely to be affected in a chemical accident about the
remedies and existing preparedness in the area.
Conduct at least one full scale mock-drill of a chemical accident at a site every six
months and forward a report to the District Crisis Group.
Respond to all public inquiries on the subject
Central Control Committee
As the offsite plan is to be prepared by the Government, a Central Control Committee
Shall be formed under the Chairmanship of the District Collector. Other officers from
police, fire Service, factory inspectorate, medical department shall be incorporated as
Members of the Central Control Committee. Under the Central Control Committee the
following committees shall be constituted under the control of the District Collector.
Incident and Environment Control Committee
Fire Control Committee
Traffic control, law and order, evacuation and rehabilitation committee
Medical help, ambulance and hospital committee
Welfare, restoration and resumption committee
Utility and engineering services committee
Press, publicity and public relations committee
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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The off-site Emergency Plan shall be prepared by the District Magistrate in consultation
with the factory management and Govt. agencies. The plan contains up-to-date details of
Outside emergency services and resources such as fire services, hospitals, police etc. with
telephone number. The district authorities are to be included in the plan area.
Police Department
Revenue Department
Fire Brigade
Medical Department
Municipality
Gram Panchayat
Railway Department
Telephone Department
Factory Department
Electricity Department
Pollution Control Department
Explosive Department
Press and Media
7.4 IDENTIFICATION OF MAJOR HAZARD INSTALLATIONS BASED ON GOI RULES, 1989
AS AMENDED IN 1994 AND 2000:-
By studying accidents occurred in industries in India over a few decades, a specific
legislation covering major hazard activities has been enforced by Government of India in
1989 in conjunction with Environment Protection Act, 1986. This is referred here as GOI
rules 1989. For the purpose of identifying major hazard installations the rules employ
certain criteria based on toxic, flammable and explosive properties of chemicals.
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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7.4.1. Safety Precautions for the Storage of Fuel:-
Separately stored with proper enclosures and marked within premises in closed
Shed.
Proper ventilation to be provided.
Sufficient fire extinguishers and PPE to be provided.
Flame proof fittings to be provided.
Smoking to be prohibited.
7.4.2 Identification of Hazards:-
The first step in risk assessment is to identify the types of adverse health effects that can be
caused by exposure to some agent in question, and to characterize the quality and Weight of
evidence supporting this identification.
TABLE-7.3 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS
S.
No.
Hazard Name Operability/ Condition/
Cause and Consequence
Control measures/ Action required
1. Physical hazards
A Fire hazard in
windrow
Composting due to
elevated
Temperatures.
Fire hazard may exist with
composting process as
elevated temperatures and
drying may increase the
potential for Spontaneous
combustion.
Periodic mixing of composting
material and maintenance of the
proper water content should be
done to control windrow compost
Temperature and prevent fires.
A well-designed fire suppression
system with sufficient water
capacity and at sufficient pressures
to adequately control a fire within
the facility and approved by the
local fire authority will be installed.
Portable fire extinguishers and fire
control equipment in proper
working condition, at the operating
area of the facility.
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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Fire Hazard, Possible causes of fires at
composting facilities
include:-
spontaneous
combustion due to rise
in temperature
Lightning strikes.
Cigarettes,
Build-up of particulate
matter near engine
manifolds and exhaust
pipes of processing
equipment.
Explosion due to build-
up of methane inside
the closed landfill in
lack of adequate
number of gas venting
apparatus.
Unauthorised access to the
premises to be prevented.
Banning lighting cigarettes, fires
onsite
Regular monitoring of the
quantity of gas being vented
Heavy equipment’s
and machinery for
waste tipping
During soil excavation and
compost pile construction,
workers may be seriously
injured or killed by heavy
equipment such as Front-
end loaders and scrapers.
When approaching operating
equipment, the approach should be
made from the front and within
view of the operator, preferably
making eye contact.
Heavy equipment should be
equipped with a backup alarm that
alerts workers.
Rough sharp
waste items
Workers may be exposed
to puncture and cut
hazards to feet
Workers should wear safety boots
with steel shanks to prevent Cuts to
the bottom of the foot. Workers
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and hands from rough or
sharp waste material
during composting
operations.
should minimize manual handling of
waste material, and wear cut-
resistant gloves if contact with waste
materials is necessary.
Trip Hazards
due to pipes/
hoses
Trip hazards may exist
with hoses and piping
systems used for Irrigation
of the composting unit.
Workers should exercise caution
when walking over hoses and pipes.
In heavily travelled areas, extra
lighting may be needed to ensure
walkways are adequately illuminated.
Chemical Hazards
Confined
spaces/ covered
compost pads
(CO2, CH4)
Since a closed shed
is proposed for the
compost plant, it may be
considered that the
workers entering the
facility enter a Confined
space.
Elevated levels of
CO2 may accumulate
during composting
process.
It is also typical for
some ammonia gas to be
generated during
composting.
Exposure to
ammonia vapours may
occur, especially during
waste turning operations.
Although aerobic
Prior to each entry into the enclosed
or tented area, the atmosphere within
the tent should be tested to ensure a
safe Atmosphere. If the testing
indicates atmospheric contaminants
or oxygen depletion, a confined-space
entry program should be developed
and implemented.
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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conditions should be
maintained in the
compost, if anaerobic
conditions are allowed to
develop, methane and
hydrogen sulphide may be
generated.
Inhalation/
ingestion/ skin
contact
Workers may be exposed
to contaminants and
degradation
Products of contaminants.
Exposure may occur via
inhalation/ingestion/skin
contact routes of exposure
during loading, unloading,
pre-processing, tilling,
turning and other
operations where soils are
agitated.
An analysis of the work tasks and
potential for chemical exposure
should be performed to determine
the correct personal protective
equipment (PPE) and/or respirator
cartridge(s), if needed. The analysis
should include obtaining specific
chemical hazard information to
ensure that the PPE specified will be
appropriate for the respective
chemical hazard. Workers may also
use respiratory protection including
the use of an air-purifying respirator
equipped with HEPA (N100, R100,
P100) filters and Organic vapour
cartridges.
Chemical reactions
within the stored
mixed waste.
Some materials used in
composting may be
explosive,
especially when in contact
with other incompatible
materials
(e.g. ammonium nitrate
Workers should minimize contact
with acidic or corrosive chemical
materials by using mechanical
chemical delivery methods.
Where contact is required,
workers should wear gloves (e.g.
nitrile) and other personal
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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and fuels). Others may be
hygroscopic, which may
result in chemical
reactions.
protective equipment that is
resistant to the Materials handled.
All chemical reagents used in
composting should be segregated
to prevent accidental mixing of
reactive chemicals, especially
Ammonium nitrate fertilizers and
fuels.
Biological Hazards
Allergies from
pathogen and
airborne dust
During dry and windy
periods microbe-entrained
dusts may become
airborne from soil
agitation.
- Exposure to mold spores,
including Aspergillus
fumigates and
thermophyllic
actinomyctes, may occur
during composting
operations.
- Inhalation of pathogenic
microbes may cause
allergic
Reactions or illness.
Periodic application of water to the
active area.
Personal protective equipment,
such as rubber gloves, should b
used.
Respiratory protection (e.g. air-
purifying respirator with HEPA
(N100, R100, P100)
filter/cartridge) may be used during
dusty periods.
Pests/ bugs at Site Workers may be exposed
to a wide array of
biological hazards,
including snakes, bees,
wasps, massive fly
Workers should be informed of
the potential for snakes and other
animals around the compost
facility, especially during cooler
periods.
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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hatches, ticks, hornets, and
rodents which get
attracted to the higher
temperatures associated
with composting
operations and other
hideout warm places.
Periodic inspections of the site
should be performed to identify
stinging insect nests and for the
presence of snakes. Professional
exterminating companies should
be consulted for their removal.
7.5 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS
7.5.1 Fire Hazard: - The following activities and precautions will be taken in order to
prevent fire mishaps and to manage emergency situations during the operational phase of
the project: -
Fire protection equipment i.e. fire extinguishers shall be provided at the site.
It will be advised to keep oxygen cylinders, medical kits and masks to prevent
Smoke inhalation.
Maintenance of fire fighting equipment will be ensured by concerned person
At project site.
Cover nose and mouth with wet and clean cloth as it prevents smoke inhalation.
Avoid running around in the MSW facility as it leads to inhaling of more poisonous
Gases.
Ensure strict compliance to the evacuation plan and assist others to escape the site.
7.5.2 Natural Disaster: -
Natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, landslide etc pose an eminent threat
to the proposed project. As there is no way of avoiding such disasters, the following measures
can be adopted in case of such occurrences.
Natural disaster Action
Extreme weather conditions such
as tornado or storm
Maintain correspondence with local
Meteorological departments to have enough.
Take shelter in facilities without windows.
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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Earthquake Stay indoors and move to central parts of the
building. People staying outdoor should stay
outdoor and avoid being in near vicinity to any
building or facility.
In case of spread of toxic fumes from sanitary.
Flood Landfill, close doors, windows and seal any cracks
or gaps in the buildings.
Turn off electricity to reduce risk of Electrocution.
Decontaminate flooded rooms.
Carry out official instruction over the radio or by
loudspeaker.
Landslides These are likely during monsoon or in heavy down
pour conditions. The site conditions around the
landfill should be identified for such events if
occurred earlier and accordingly precautionary
measures need to be taken during such events. The
hierarchical set up needs to be planned to take
action immediately so that the District Magistrate
and other local authorities may be informed to
take control of the situation.
7.5.3 Electrical Accidents: -
The electrical accidents may occur due to malfunctioning of electrical machinery or due
mishap resulting due to short circuits in the LT/HT (high Tension /Low Tension) section of
the landfill unit. Also another possibility of electrical accidents is due to leakage of moisture or
water during rains when there is ingress of water or moisture due to failure of the enclosure
or cover over the electrical apparatus or at distribution point or at the receiving section of
HT/LT cable.
The electrical accidents may cause secondary accidents such as fire or burns to the
operator/s of the equipment or machinery. To avoid such incidents, regular maintenance of
electrical wiring/LT/HT section and distribution panel/s may be done periodically as
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recommended by competent person. Also a certificate to that effect may be kept in display
for information of all. The safety aspects as covered under safety requirements as prescribed
by the concerned safety inspector need to be followed up for prevention of such accidents.
7.5.4 Environmental & Health Aspects:-
There are potential risks to environment and health from improper handling of solid wastes.
Direct health risks concern mainly the workers in this field, who need to be protected, as far
as possible, from contact with wastes. For the general public, the main risks to health are
indirect and arise from the breeding of disease vectors, primarily flies and rats.
7.5.4.1 Environmental Aspects:-
The most obvious environmental damage caused by municipal solid wastes is aesthetic, the
ugliness of street litter and degradation of the urban environment and beauty of the
landscape. More serious, however, and often unrecognised, is the transfer of pollution to
water, ground water. Air pollution can be caused from the inefficient burning of wastes,
either in open air, or in plants that lack effective treatment facilities from the gaseous
effluents. The generation of stinking odour around the site is a major source of discomfort
amongst the inhabitants. The local wind conditions may aggravate this problem further.
7.5.4.2 Health Aspects:-
Epidemiological studies have shown that a high percentage of workers who handle refuse,
and of individuals who live near or on disposal sites, are infected with gastrointestinal
parasites, worms and related organisms. Contamination of this kind is likely at all points
where waste is handled. A major adverse impact is due to the attraction of rodents and
vector insects for which it provides food and shelter. Further the decomposing matter in the
landfill is the beehive for flies and other insects and disease vectors such as cholera, typhoid,
dysentery, malaria, jaundice and other communicable diseases particularly skin problems,
nausea, vomiting , headaches induced in the inhabitants around the site.
Project proponent carries out the following checks to curb the problem:
Pre - employment medical check-up at the time of employment.
Annual medical check-up for all employees.
First aid training for to the employees.
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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Monitoring of occupational hazards like noise, ventilation, chemical exposure to be
carried out at frequent intervals, the records of which to be documented.
Mitigation measure -
All precautionary measures should be taken to avoid foreseeable accidents like spillage, Fire
and explosion hazards and to minimize the effect of any such accident and to combat any
emergency at site level. Some of the preventive safety measures to be taken to minimize the
risk of accident with respect to technical safety, organizational safety and personal safety are
listed below:
All reasonably practicable measures to minimize the risk of such accident in
Compliance with the legal obligation under the relevant safety.
Safety features such as fire extinguishers, fire hydrant system and suitable Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) to be provided. Regular operations and testing of fire
extinguishers to be carried out.
Training of workers and staff to be given for safe waste, fire fighting, first aid and
integrating safety, in all activities.
Accident / Incident reporting system and information of employees about the same to
be done for better awareness.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) like goggles, safety shoes, helmet, apron,
earplugs, facemask & clothing to be provided to employees as per the job
requirements.
7.5.4.3 Leachate and Storm Water Management during Monsoon
Leachate treatment plant is designed to accept excess leachate generated during the
monsoon period.
A very critical aspect in wastewater management would be minimization of
generation of leachate/ wastewater.
To minimize the same we propose to keep a maximum portion of the landfill covered
especially during the monsoon, thus minimizing the generation of leachate.
Water collected in the pond shall be tested for storm water quality parameters and if
it meets the discharge standards shall be discharged, otherwise the same Shall be
considered as leachate and sent to the leachate treatment plant.
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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7.6 BASIS OF PLAN AND HANDLING OF EMERGENCY:-
It is not possible to envisage and detail every action, which should be taken during an
emergency. The basic philosophy is to get key personnel of necessary discipline who
have the knowledge and background to assess the situation and give directions as per
the objectives as quickly as possible.
The plan identifies the services/departments required to combat emergencies and
also identifies the key persons to discharge the duties.
Key personnel have been identified for emergencies and are responsible for
providing necessary assistance.
Messages via telephones are restricted to key personnel only. This is required to keep
the telephones free for key personnel to contact for necessary feed-back.
Senior person who arrives on scene is automatically in charge for the service group.
He should not leave the site without entrusting the charge to his deputy. All the key
personnel should be available at the main control room. All key personnel of other
services to report to main site controller, whom to coordinate between various
departments and outside agencies
Personal Protective Equipment
Face masks
Hand gloves
Gum boots
Goggles
Helmets
Safety belts
Aprons
Equipment list
Internal / External telephone
Portable alarm
Torches
Emergency cupboard with necessary PP
******
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CHAPTER - VIII
PROJECT BENEFITS
8.1 INTRODUCTION
The proposed Integrated Solid Waste Management project at pachiyari Kothiya Village, by
Deoghar Nagar Nigam. The proposed integrated MSW processing and disposal facility will be
established to handle about 200 TPD.
8.2. COMPOST PRODUCTION
The proposed project will have direct and indirect economic benefits in form of
employment, development of ancillaries, establishment of service facilities, development
of telecom and transportation facilities. Besides the compost production would add to the
revenue to the operator of the landfill. The production of compost shall also enhance the
crop productivity and improvement in the soil texture and enhancement of soil nutrients
The compost produced from the composting pads and vermin composting unit can be
used as soil conditioner that improve soil quality. This compost has the ability to help
regenerate poor soil by increasing nutrient content in soil and retain moisture.
The following benefits are being envisioned:-
Use of compost produced as manure to the crops.
Generation of revenue through the sale of compost produced from the MSW
processing and disposal facility.
8.3. BENEFITS OF LANDFILL
Landfills minimize the natural impact of solid waste on the environment by the
following ways:-
Isolation of inert waste through containment
Elimination of polluting pathways
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8.4. RECYCLING
A number of recyclable materials, for example paper, glass, plastic, rubber, ferrous and non-
ferrous metals present in the MSW are suitable for recovery and reuse. This will benefit rag
pickers.
8.5 IMPROVEMENT IN PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE:
The proposed project is expected to yield a positive impact on the socio economic
Environment. It helps sustain the development of this area including further development of
physical infrastructural facilities. The following physical infrastructure facilities will improve
due to proposed project.
Road transport facilities
Housing facilities
Water supply and sanitation
Power
8.6 IMPROVEMENT IN SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Agriculture & plantation are one of the basic sectors of employment for the local people in
this area. The project will lead to indirect and direct employment opportunity. Employment
is expected during operation period, garbage lifting and other ancillary Services.
Employment in these sectors will be temporary or contractual and involvement of unskilled
labour will be more. A major part of this labour force will be mainly from local villagers who
are expected to engage themselves both in agriculture and project activities. This will
enhance their income and lead to overall economic growth of the area.
8.7 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL
In this project number of skilled and unskilled local workers will be employed. The project
will generate direct and indirect employment. Preference will be given to the local people for
employment based on their educational qualifications and experience. Manpower
requirement for the proposed project will be approx. 200 -250 people during operation
phase. The labourers will also get trainings for skill development. The local people will also
be preferred for contract jobs during operational stages of the project.
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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8.8 OTHER PROJECT BENEFITS
Benefit to the Urban Local Body: Due to implementation of this project, the ULB of
Pachiyari Kothiya village will comply with the Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules
2016, wherein it
has been stated that the ULBs are responsible for scientific collection, transportation,
Segregation and disposal of municipal solid waste within this limits.
Organised Collection of MSW: The systematic collection, transportation, segregation and
disposal of the municipal wastes will lead to an organized, accountable and reliable
mechanism of disposal of waste.
Compost Facility: The segregated waste will have composting facility (to obtain composted
fertilizer), Refuse Derived Fuel (as a source of alternative fuel from waste), which otherwise
would have been wasted if dumped indiscriminately.
Environmental Benefits: Regular monitoring of the surrounding will keep the area
environmentally safe and under any adverse circumstance, immediate measures will be
taken and enacted upon.
The overall effect will improve buying power of employees and thus a higher standard of
living viz. better education, improved health and sanitation facilities housing and acquisition
of consumer durable. This is envisaged as a major positive benefit.
*****
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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CHAPTER – IX
ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is a site specific plan developed to ensure that the
project is implemented in an environmental sustainable manner.
This EMP also describes the role and responsibilities of staff supervising the project from
Head office, personnel deployed at the project site and contractors, if any, who will be
responsible for implementing this EMP.
Environmental and Social Management Cell
For the effective and consistent functioning of the project, an Environmental Management
Cell (EMC) will be established for the project.
The major duties and responsibilities of Environmental Management Cell will be as follows
To implement the environmental management plan.
To assure regulatory compliance with all relevant rules and regulations.
To ensure regular operation and maintenance of pollution control devices.
To minimize environmental impacts of operations as by strict compliance to the
EMP.
To initiate environmental monitoring as per approved schedule.
Review and interpretation of monitored results and corrective measures in case
monitored results are above the specified limit.
Maintain documentation of good environmental practices and applicable
environmental laws as ready reference.
Maintain environmental related records.
9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Although the impacts on the environment during the construction phase would be
temporary in nature and are expected to culminate on completion of the construction
activities, implementation of management plans for various environmental attributes
will further reduce the impact in terms of its spread, duration and intensity.
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
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TABLE-9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE
S.N. Potential impacts Mitigation measures
1. Fugitive emission from
construction activity.
Wet suppression will be applied to all inactive
disturbed surface areas on a daily basis especially
during dry and windy days.
Limited vehicular movement will be permitted on disturbed soils Vehicle speeds on unpaved roads will be restricted
25 kmph;
Contractors will be required to maintain valid Pollution under Control certificates issued by Transport Department and proper maintenance records for their fleet; Haul trucks will be covered with suitable covering material like tarpaulin sheets to prevent fugitive emissions during transportation of construction materials.
2. Noise due to Construction
activities (such as excavation,
grading, erecting equipment,
piling, etc)
The construction areas to be provided with sheet
barriers or temporary walls along the boundary
close to any habitations;
Rubber padding to be provided in the construction
machinery for vibration control;
Regular maintenance of its vehicles and repair of its
equipment/ machinery will be undertaken;
3. Potential run-off from site
and percolation of used oil/
oil and grease generated
from the vehicles.
Contamination of surface and
groundwater resources
Awareness on optimal water consumption will be
provided to the labourers.
Garland drains will be constructed to prevent the
runoff from stockpiles generated during excavation;
An impervious cover will be provided over the
adjacent storm water drain to prevent the surface
runoff carrying the construction waste materials/
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
216 Prepared by- Wolkem India Limited
other pollutants to enter the drain.
4. Removal of flora at site due
to clearing of vegetation
The area has devoid of dense vegetation only weeds
& grasses are removed from the site. No vegetation
to be removed from area outside the project site
boundary.
33% Compensatory afforestation will be done in
fixed area.
5. Disruption of traffic and
marginal increase in
potential for traffic related.
Movement of traffic entering the site shall be
properly managed to ensure minimum disturbance
to community;
Dedicated entry and exit points to be provided
within the Site.
6. Occupational Health and
Safety.
The construction staff and contractors involved in
the construction activities will be trained on the
necessary precaution and safety practices prior to
commencement of construction activity;
All required Personal Protection Equipment will be
used by the workers at site and their use to be
supervised;
Proper signage will be provided in places of
excavated areas;
Workers will be provided with required PPEs and
first aid to be used at site;
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
217 Prepared by- Wolkem India Limited
TABLE 9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN IN OPERATIONAL PHASE
S.N. Component Potential impact identified Suggested Management Plan
1. Ambient Air
Quality
Vehicular emissions
Dust and particulates Emissions
Gas emission
Internal roads will be concreted / asphalted to reduce dust emissions;
All the trucks bringing waste to the site will be covered throughout their
transportation route;
Thick green belt will be provided along the internal roads and plant
boundary which will limit the spread of dust and odour;
Proper gas management plan.
Post closure monitoring of ambient air quality at site should be undertaken
as per the requirements of MSW Rules, 2016.
2. Soil Quality Contamination of soil due to
Leachate.
Spillage from vehicles and used
oil from DG set
Design parameters for facility already include impermeable concrete
windrow pad, drainage network, leachate collection and treatment system.
Ensure that the surface runoff from paved areas are collected in storm
water drains and does not flow to landscaped areas;
It is recommended that the closed landfill should have provisions for HDPE
Liner beneath it to check leachate percolation into soil and ground water.
3. Ambient Noise
Quality
Potential increase in noise levels in
adjoining areas due operating
Acoustic enclosures, rubber paddings and linings will be provided for all
noise producing equipment’s such as shredders, DG sets etc.
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
218 Prepared by- Wolkem India Limited
equipment’s.
Impact on avifaunal species
due to increased noise
Trees with heavy foliage and Green belt of 6m width in 3 rows to serve as
acoustic barriers;
Proper maintenance of machineries such as diesel and exhausts silencers,
lubrication of conveyer trolleys, etc.
Working hours of the workers employed in high noise areas will be rotated;
Earplugs/muffs, or other hearing protective wear will be provided to those
working very close to the noise generating machinery;
Periodic monitoring of noise levels on site and at nearby receptors will be
carried out to ensure compliance with Noise Pollution (Regulation &
Control) Rules 2000.
4. Water
Resources and
Quality
Fresh water demand of the
Project.
Inadequate management of
Storm water.
Leachate generation from
windrows compost pads,
mixed waste storage pits and
closed landfill
Recycling and reuse of leachate will be carried out to minimize fresh water
requirement.
Provisions to be made for rainwater harvesting from rooftop, paved areas
and landscaping areas.
Leachate from the waste tipping areas will be collected separately and
conveyed via leachate collection drain up to leachate collection sump
Quality of groundwater should be monitored and analysed against IS
10500standards for drinking water prior to use.
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
219 Prepared by- Wolkem India Limited
5. Traffic &
Transport
Increase in traffic volume A proper traffic management plan will be implemented to mitigate adverse
impacts, if any on existing traffic and transport scenario.
6. Ecology Disturbance to local birds
and small mammals in the
adjoining areas
A green belt will be developed along the periphery of the proposed
project which will limit noise reaching outside the project boundary and
provide habitat to small birds and mammals;
Native species and healthy seedlings will be planted at intervals of 4 × 4-
m in 60× 60 × 60-cm size pits filled with topsoil;
Attempts will be made to ensure that all open spaces, where tree
plantation may not be possible, will be covered with shrubs and grass to
prevent erosion of topsoil.
7. Socioeconomic
aspect
Disturbance to community due to
increased noise levels, odour, air
emissions and
traffic. More employment
Opportunities Formalization of
ragpickers Participatory role of
Residents Improve aesthetics of area
Good Waste Handling practices will be implemented which will greatly
reduce foul smell and reduce impact from odours.
Vehicles/ trucks moving through community roads will be covered and
the operations will be restricted to day time.
Maximum efforts will be made to provide job opportunities to local
residents during construction and operation phase.
Awareness campaigns to be organized emphasizing the need of sorting at
source, waste collection and participatory role of residents in waste
management in an area.
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
220 Prepared by- Wolkem India Limited
Besides the above management measures for various environmental and social
parameters,
Detailed Management Plans have also been formulated.
BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
TABLE: COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES
S. No. Particulars
Capital cost (In Rs.)
Annual recurring cost (in Rs.)
Proposed Proposed
1 Air pollution control system 8.0/- 5.0/-
2 Environment monitoring -- 4.0/-
3 Proposal of Rain water harvesting 5.0/- 1.0/-
4 Green belt 5.0/- 2.5/-
5 Occupational measures 5.0/- 3.0/-
6 Miscellaneous 5.0/- 3.5/-
Total 28.0/- 19.0/-
9.2 LEACHATE MANAGEMENT PLAN
Leachate Management Plan
Leachate will be generated in various waste handling areas of the facility such as waste
collection pit, Windrow platforms, pit washing and closed landfill area due to natural
process of decomposition of Organic waste. Prevention measures will be implemented to
avert its percolation and polluting soil and groundwater.
Management Measures
In order to facilitate unhindered composting process even during rainy season, a
covered roof shed process yard has been planned with suitable support PEB structures.
Generated leachate will be re-circulated back to processing.
Leachate collection sump will be provided for collection of leachate from the
windrows. The leachate from the sump will be pumped back onto the windrows to
maintain required moisture content (i.e. 60%) and to make use of enzymes present in
the leachate. The overflow from the leachate sump will flow into solar evaporation
tank.
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
221 Prepared by- Wolkem India Limited
9.3 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Greenbelt has been planned in the periphery of the proposed project site which along
with the other planned green areas within the site, will cover about 33 % of the total
project area. The closed landfill cover will also be provided with green vegetation. The
development of a greenbelt will help in noise attenuation and also to arrest particulate
pollution to a small extent. Plants serve as a sink for pollutants, act as a barrier to break
the wind speed as well as allow the dust and other particulates to settle. The plant species
suitable for greenbelt development need to be selected based on the following criteria:
Fast growing, non-edible perennial plants.
ability to thrive on low-nutrient soil
Thick canopy cover;
Large leaf area index;
High sink potential;
Efficient in absorbing pollutants without significantly affecting their growth; and
Suitable for the local seasons.
Methodology
In order to assure proper greenbelt development, following management plan will be
adopted:
Greenbelt shall be constructed in 5m-6m width in 3 rows around the plant
periphery.
Healthy and established sapling having 1m height will be selected for planting in
greenbelt to avoid mortality.
Pit measurements of 0.6 m x 0.6 m x 0.6 m will be dug up at desired point in
triangular pattern at an interval of 2m × 2m and shall be filled with topsoil, Farm
Yard Manure (FYM) and vermin-compost.
The pit should be filled with mixture of cow dung manure and soil in ratio of 1: 4.10
gm BHC of 10% concentration should be properly mixed with the soil and manure to
kill the termites and insect.
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
222 Prepared by- Wolkem India Limited
Spacing of at least 3 m between the saplings of tall shrubs and dwarf trees in the first
row, 6-7m space between medium trees in middle row and 8-10 m spacing in the
rear rows of tall trees will be maintained.
Close plantation is recommended for accommodating more number of trees per unit
area resulting in more leaf surface.
Post-Plantation Care
Watering at least once a week during dry spells.
Organic fertilizer and manure.
Weeding thrice in the first year and twice a year, during the subsequent two years
and soil working
Plugging and mulching.
Protection from pests.
Pruning and thinning
PROPOSED PLANTATION- About 32111 Sqm (3.20 Ha) areas will be covered under the
greenbelt all around the site boundary. Proposed greenbelt is 33.6 % of Total Land. Approx.
3000 plant will be planted within project boundary.
TABLE NO-9.3 PROPOSED PLANTED SPECIES
Sr. No. Local Name of proposed
planted species.
Botanical Name
1 Karanj Pongamia Pinnata
2 Neem Azadirachta indica
3 Sirish Albizia lebbeck
4 Amaltas Cassia fistula
5 Gulmohar Delonix regia
6 Palash Butea monosperma
7 Peepal Ficus religious
8. Sagwan Tectona grandis
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
223 Prepared by- Wolkem India Limited
9.4 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLAN
The Occupation Health & Safety Management Plan (OHSMP) is applicable for all project
operations which have the potential to adversely affect the health and safety of
construction workers, MSW facility operators and other labours.
The Occupation Health & Safety Management Plan (OHSMP) have been formulated to
address the occupational health and safety related impacts that may arise from proposed
project activities particularly during waste handling and segregation, waste unloading,
processing and disposal.
Management Measures
Providing workers with appropriate protective clothing, gloves, respiratory face masks
and slip-resistant shoes for waste transport workers and hard-soled safety shoes for all
workers.
The workplace shall be equipped with fire detectors, alarm systems and fire-fighting
equipment. The equipment shall be periodically inspected and maintained in good
working condition.
Providing adequate personnel facilities, including washing areas and areas to change
clothes before and after work.
All the employees shall be required to undergo a medical check-up before joining the
facility.
First aid facilities required to attend immediately for meeting emergency situations
shall be made available at the facility.
Community Health & Safety Management Plan
The Community Health & Safety Management Plan shall be applicable construction as
well as operation phase so as to minimize adverse impacts on health and safety of
nearby community.
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
224 Prepared by- Wolkem India Limited
Management Measures
Efforts will be made for best housekeeping practices within the project site, so that no water
get accumulated in small depressions or low lying areas or within any empty tanks,
containers, tyres or debris , which can become breeding areas for mosquitoes. To minimize
odour generation from the facility, maximum efforts will be put in to maintain aerobic
conditions in the windrows to facilitate decomposing of biodegradable waste in oxygen rich
environment, thereby minimizing chances of production of odorous gases like methane,
ammonia and hydrogen sulphide. Regular monitoring of ambient air quality and noise levels
will be undertaken in and around the facility.
Socio Economic development activities under Corporate Environment Responsibility
(CER)
CER is management‘s commitment to operate the project in an economically, socially and
environmentally sustainable manner it includes social environment development activities
required by the nearby villagers. The tentative budget allocation for CER activities are given
below:
TABLE NO-9.4 PROPOSED CER ACTIVITY
S. No Description
Amount to be
spent (Rs.in Lakhs)
C R
1 Promoting Education (providing infrastructure like
construction of additional class rooms, furniture etc
Entrepreneurship development & job creation in nearby area)
18.2/- 1.82/-
2 Health Care (Performing free Cataract surgeries,
Infrastructure support to area Govt. Hospitals like providing
bed and equipment for treatment etc., Conducting Health
camps and Providing medicines.)
10/- 1.0/-
3 Environment care (taking up avenue plantation, Plantation in
communities, providing solar power/ lights, rain water
20/- 2.0/-
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
225 Prepared by- Wolkem India Limited
harvesting etc)
4 Rural Development (laying roads, construction of drains,
community halls, other infrastructure for development of
surrounding villages, Supply of drinking water, construction/
installation community toilets for male & female in nearby
areas.)
20/- 2.0/-
5 Awareness programme organized for increase yield of crop and
fodder for nearby villagers & skill development organizations
in getting employments in industries.
6.2/- 0.62/-
G. Total 74.4/- 7.44/-
Note- As per OM No. 22-65/2017-IA.III dated 01/05/2018 regarding “Corporate Environment Responsibility” (CER), project has to contribute 2% of the Capital Investment; the company will contribute Rs. 74.4 Lakhs as funds for CER activities.
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Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
226 Prepared by- Wolkem India Limited
CHAPTER – X
SUMMARY & CONCLUSION
10.1 INTRODUCTION
This project is an integrated municipal solid waste management project and proposed for
the setting up of processing facilities and sanitary landfill facility. The proposed project is
planned in accordance to the solid waste management rules 2016 and it consists of waste
collection system, segregation facility, waste processing unit and a sanitary landfill.
The objective of the project study is to design an integrated solid waste management
system in Deoghar city while redesigning & improving the existing solid waste
management system in an environmentally and economically sustainable manner.
The proposed project is to set up a Municipal Solid Waste Management Facility to cater to
the needs of municipal waste disposal facility for Deoghar town. The Nagar Nigam
Deoghar, which is the urban local body (ULB) responsible for collection, transportation
and disposal system, has realized that the existing waste collection and disposal facility is
insufficient for the town on qualitative and quantitative aspects. In order to comply with
Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000, the Nagar Nigam
Deoghar has proposed to set up a waste collection system, segregation facility, waste
processing unit and a sanitary landfill
10.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT
Identification of project-
Management of solid waste is of growing concern to the general public at large, local
authorities and business communities in cities and towns across India. The problem is
exacerbating in urban areas due to rapid strides in population growth, coupled with an
economic boom that encourages the consumption of goods and hence, wastes generation.
The Government of India has taken several initiatives to improve the existing SWM
practices in the Country. In regards of this Deoghar Nagar Nigam proposed to setup an
Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management System for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at
village Pachiyari Kothiya district Deoghar Jharkhand. Refer Annexure-II for land
documents & Khasra detail of the project.
Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).