Dec 23, 2015
Life Cycle-Insect Metamorphosis
• Complete– Egg– Larva (worms/catepillars)– Pupa (relatively dormnant)– Adult (flies, beetles, etc.)
• Incomplete– Egg– Nymph
• early-no wings• Late-wings developing
– Adult
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nuPCu8lHC8I
Damage
• Damage depends on the type of mouthpart• Chewing-tear, chew or grind food• Sucking:
– Piercing: punctures plant and suck sap– Rasping: rasps or break surface and suck sap.
• Siphoning: have a coiled tube they dip into liquid food such as nectar and draw it in (ex. Butterfly)
• Sponging: have two sponge-like structures that collect liquid food and move it into the food canal. (ex. House fly)
Chewing- Cutworms
• Usually attacks stems• May eat other plants
Cutworms: The larvae or caterpillars of some moths are called
cutworms (Agrotis, Amathes, Peridroma, Prodenia spp.) because of the manner in which they cut down young plants
as they feed.
Chewing- Caterpillars
• Larva• Moths• Butterflies• Fuzzy and hair• Eat young leaves and
stems• Roll up in leaves,
makes leaves curl
Chewing- Grasshoppers
• Eat all parts of plants
Sucking- Aphids
• Pierce and suck juices• Plant lice• Cause stunted growth,
yellow spotted leaves• Sticky substance and
black mold• Attracts ants
Sucking- Leaf Bugs
• Causes plants to look unhealthy
• Lose normal color and wilt
Sucking- Mealy Bugs
• Pierce and suck from underside of leaves
• Suck in leaf axils• Causes yellow
appearance• Sticky secretions
Sucking- Thrips
• Chews and then sucks• Causes plant tissue to
become speckled or whitened
• Leaf tip withers• Leaf curls and dies
Sucking- Whiteflies
• Feeds on underside of young leaves
• Little flying white specks when plants are shaken
Sucking- Mites (Watch Out it isn’t an insect)
• Attack underside of leaf
• Causes leaves to turn gray to grayish
• Severe infestations cause webbing
• Insects can be red
Group classwork• Choose an insect from the list for your group.
(Beatles, cutworms, grasshoppers, caterpillars, aphids, leaf bugs, Mealy bugs, thrips, whiteflies,mites or cankerworms
• As a group research your insect. Determine:1. Mouthpart
2. Host(where does it live?)
3. Is it damaging or beneficial? How?
4. How would you get rid of it (damaging) or encourage it (beneficial)?
• Draw, color and label your insect on poster board. List neatly the information you found.
Pest Management• Integrated pest management (IPM) focuses on pest
prevention by identifying, preventing and monitoring pests with the least amount of danger to the environment.1. Identify the pest
2. Prevention by using methods such as crop rotation, pest resistant varieties and planting pest-free rootstock.
3. Monitoring new infestations can be the best controlled by early detections.
4. Traps may be used to check pest population.
5. If these methods are not affective, spraying of pesticides may be necessary.
• Lady beetles or lady bugs both adults and larva feed on soft bodied insects such as aphids, mites and eggs.
• Parasitic wasp attack caterpillar, butterfly or moth egg or pupa, beetle egg and other insects in the egg, larva or pupa stage.
• Praying mantis will eat just about any pest.• Green lacewig larvae are predators that feed
mainly on soft bodied insects.• Predatory mites will attack spider mites at any
stage of development inside a greenhouse or outside.
Biological controls