NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Refinery Integration of Bio-oil Robert M. Baldwin Principal Scientist Presentation to California Air Resources Board December 13, 2016 Innovation for Our Energy Future
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Innovation for Our Energy Future Refinery Integration of Bio-oil...Hydrocracker Hydropyrolysis (HYP): Properties resemble FCC heavy cycle oil (CHO) or unconverted bottoms (slurry oil).
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NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Challenging Characteristics of Pyrolysis Oil (from wood)
• Insoluble in hydrocarbons
• Moisture content 15 - 30 wt %
• pH ≈ 2.5; TAN >100
• Elemental composition, wt %
- C: 54 - 58
- H: 5.5 - 7.0
- O: 35 - 40
• HHV: 16 - 19 MJ/kg
• Distillation residue: up to 50wt %
• Phase Separation & Instability
- a lighter, water soluble, carbohydrate-rich fraction
- a more dense, viscous, oligomeric lignin fraction
- ‘ages’ with time; viscosity increase
Innovation for Our Energy Future
Why Do This?
1) Introducing bio-oil into the refinery provides ready
pathway for introducing renewable carbon into
transportation fuels industry (low-hanging fruit)
2) Utilize multi-trillion-dollar infrastructure already in place
a) Petroleum refineries
b) Transportation and distribution systems
3) High impact outcomes
a) RINs for refiners
b) Implementation likely: LCFS in CA (coming soon elsewhere!)
Innovation for Our Energy Future
NABC
The National Advanced Biofuels Consortium (NABC) is a collaboration among U.S. Department of Energy national laboratories, universities, and private industry that is developing technologies to produce infrastructure-compatible, biomass-based hydrocarbon fuels.
The consortium, led by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act and by NABC partners.
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL): Possibly directly blended based on bulk properties but mild hydroprocessing may be required to blend appreciable volumes in gasoline pool.
Possible Insertion Point(s): Mild Naphtha Hydroprocessing or Blending
Hydropyrolysis (HYP): Highly aromatic material possesses significantly lower hydrogen to carbon ratio relative to typical refinery cracked naphthas (coker and FCC). The material would likely join heavy cracked naphtha refinery streams for hydroprocessing.
Possible Insertion Point(s): Cracked Naphtha Hydroprocessing
Catalysis of lignocellulosic sugars (CLS): Possibly directly blended based on bulk properties but mild hydroprocessing may be required to blend appreciable volumes in gasoline pool.
Possible Insertion Point(s): Mild Naphtha Hydroprocessing or Blending
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL): Resembles the properties of FCC light cycle oil (LCO) and would likely follow the same processing path.
Possible Insertion Point(s): Hydroprocessing or Hydrocracking
Catalysis of lignocellulosic sugars (CLS): Resembles the properties of FCC light cycle oil (LCO) and would likely follow the same processing path.
Possible Insertion Point(s): Hydroprocessing or Hydrocracking
HT SR Kero
HC Kero
HT CD HT SRD HC Dist
Distillates (400 – 700 °F)
Fermentation of lignocellulosic sugars (FLS): Highly paraffinic material likely to possess desirable diesel blending properties.
Possible Insertion Point(s): Diesel Blending
Hydropyrolysis (HYP): Likely to be more highly aromatic than FCC light cycle oil (LCO), which suggests significant hydrogen addition would improve potential for diesel blending.
Possible Insertion Point(s): High-Pressure Hydroprocessing or Hydrocracking