Industrial safety.ppt

TIRE SAFETY…a Debo, Nat, & Philip

presentation.

Special thanks to Keith W. Goodhew

…a Debo, Nat, & Philip presentation.

Special thanks to Keith W. Goodhew

Industrial Safety

Industrial Safety

SAFETY is our number 1 value !!!

...Safety, our no. 1 value!

PresentersMegbuwawon Adebowale AdeniyiB.Eng Agricultural Engineering

Oamhen Nathaniel OseigaHND Electrical/Electronics EngineeringMCITP, MCSA MCTS, MCP, A+

Eze Philip OgechukwuB.Eng Mechanical/Production Engineering

...Safety, our no. 1 value!

Everyday, thousands of people die as a

result of workplace accidents

...Safety, our no. 1 value!

According to the US Department of Labor, every year almost 6000

people are fatally injured at work. More than four million more

people suffer non-fatal injuries, including over a million which

cause them to miss one or more days of work.

...Safety, our no. 1 value!

What’s even worse than the bare statistics is that a great many of these

deaths and injuries were due to carelessness and negligence, and could have easily been avoided by

paying more attention to safety guidelines.

...Safety, our no. 1 value!

In this presentation, you will learn about some hazardous industrial processes and how to be safe with them.

We are going to touch upon:

MECHANICAL SAFEGUARDINGCOMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERSLADDER SAFETY ANDELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS

Objectives

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Injuries caused by machines are usually severe and permanent.

Machine guarding can help prevent incidents and injuries .

In moving Machinery, dangers can often be removed altogether by mechanical safeguards and better machine design or construction.

Mechanical Safeguarding

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Machine guards are classified into two.

1. Transmission Guards2. Point of Operation

Machine Guards Classes

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Types of guards

Guards include:Fixed guards * Usually on transmission machinery•Do not move with each operation•Adjusted to accommodate various sizes•Fixed into place after adjustment

Interlocking guards•Can be operated electronically, mechanically, pneumatically•Prevents operation of the controls that sets the machine in operation until guards is moved into place

Automatic guards*Prevents operator from coming into contact with dangerous parts of the machine while it is moving.

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Characteristics

Should not affect efficient operation of machine

Strong enough to withstand wear and tear

Does not create splinters and nip points

>How do I know a good guard?

Should be a permanent part of the machinery

If bulky, hinging should be considered to facilitate servicing and repair of belt or gears

Corrosion and fire resistant

Block access to danger zone during operation

Provides maximum protection

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PrecautionsIf you work on Mechanical and Electrical equipments:

Never work on any “live” or moving equipment without appropriate PPE

Inspect/Check before commissioning

Wear appropriate PPE

No bypassing of safety devices

Use correct tools and procedures

Do not use hands to remove jammed particles

Isolation (Energy source reduced to zero) requirement must always be followed

Any hazardous task should be identified and covered by a work permit or written safe work procedure.

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Lock-out System

This is the control procedure that must be used to make sure that employees cannot activate any potential source of energy or substance supply without authority and training.

Serious injury or death can result if equipment is operated unexpectedly, or if substances are released in an uncontrolled way.

All areas and operations must be surveyed to identify where lock-out procedures are needed

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Lock-out system contd.

Your company should have a Policy which addresses those items, pieces of equipment or processes which might result in serious damage or harm if operated without the necessary controls in place

This applies especially during maintenance or breakdown procedures.

Each person who needs to use lock-out procedures must be issued with his own personal lock and key.

...Safety, our no. 1 value!

Switches, Isolators & Valve Labeling

Labeling is used for rapid identification of potentially hazardous supply sources

This is done to:

1. Prevent wrong switches being turned on in error

2. Enable maintenance crew identify the correct supply source for isolation

3. Enable quick isolation in emergencies

4. Identify all circuit breakers

5. Clearly label all corresponding control switches.

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Basic Ladder SafetyConsider these tips whenever you need to use a ladder

• Avoid bringing metal or alloy ladders into contact with electrical supply sources

• Place the ladder so that its feet are a quarter of its length to the top support from the surface which it is resting against.

• Unless the ladder is secured at the top, it should always be held in position by another person as long as someone is standing on it.

• Wherever possible it should extend 1 meter or at least three rungs above its top support

• Ladders should be inspected at frequent intervals. Defects should be repaired immediately or the ladder replaced.

• Keep ladders clean and do not paint them, as this hides any defects.

• Do not leave ladders on wet ground or exposed to the weather.

• Ladders lying on floors may cause employees to trip or fall, or they may be run over by vehicles and damaged.

• Do not use ladders horizontally as walkways or scaffolding

• Tools and equipment should be hauled up by rope

• Never leave a ladder standing where it may fall over

• Never place a ladder in front of an unlocked doorway

• Ladders should be fitted with non-slip feet

...Safety, our no. 1 value!

Compressed Gas Cylinders Handling

Many types of gases are used in industries. Anyone working with or handling them should be properly trained.

The following points are applicable

Use only cylinder approved by accredited manufacturer/distributor

Compressed gases should be handled by experienced and properly instructed personnel only

Only hoses, valves, regulators, gauge and lines approved for the specific pressure should be used

Hoses and connection should be checked frequently for condition and tightness

Cylinder identification labels and or marking shall not be removed or changed in any way

Never lift cylinder by the neck

Cylinder are not suppose to be used as roller, support, or for any purpose other than to contain gas

...Safety, our no. 1 value!

CGC Handling

Personnel should not attempt to repair, alter or repaint cylinder

Personnel should not tamper with safety device in the valve of the cylinder

Always secure in the upright position

Never use a flame to free a stuck valve

Protect cylinder from cut or abrasion

When empty, chalk “empty” or “MT” on casing

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Storage of CGC

Store cylinder in the upright position, and well ventilated area

Gas cylinder either in service or storage, should not be exposed to extremely low or high temperature

No source of ignition is permitted in area

Flammables should not be stored close by

Oxygen should not be stored with within 6 meter of any cylinder which contain flammable gases

When returning empty cylinder to supplier, valve should be tightly closed and valve protection caps securely fastened

LPG cylinder in excess of 18kg should not be stored within any building

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Storage of acetylene cylinders

Acetylene cylinders must be stored in an upright position. Failure to do this is dangerous and could result in an accident.

The following are some reasons why you must do this.

At the time of manufacture, these cylinders are filled with a porous material which is soaked in acetone. This allows for a large quantity of acetylene to be stored at relatively low pressure

This porous material must be fully saturated from the lowest level upwards, leaving no unsaturated pocket in random positions.

If the cylinder is stored on its side, even if then tilted upright, the acetylene within may not immediately settle out uniformly, and pockets may occur.

Acetylene gas will immediately form in these pockets, and an explosion may occur if the casing is struck violently, or the temperature is increased.

...Safety, our no. 1 value!

Hazards and Safety Checks for Air Compressors

All pipes, hoses, and fitting must have a rating of the maximum pressure of the compressor

All hoses should be kept free of grease and oil to reduce the possibility of deterioration

Inspect the vessel regularly, include pressure and capacity as indicated on the manufacture plate

Keep intake fitters clean and ensure no flammable gases, vapours or fumes can be sucked into the intake

Attach safety chains at high pressure hose connections to reduce risk of hose whiplash if disconnected accidentally.

Document all inspections and checks

...Safety, our no. 1 value!

Electricity

Electricity can be defined as a source of energy occurring in matter and having effects such as light, heat etc…

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Elements of Electricity

Electricity is made up of three elements.Current (I) amperesVoltage (V) voltsResistance (R) ohms

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Elements of Electricity

Amperage is the current, or “work force” of electricity ( “volume” ). There are two different kinds of current.

Direct current (DC) is constant and flows in one direction only.

Alternating current (AC) is a current which (expressed in cycles) periodically reverses its direction.

Voltage is the driving force in the cell, generator, etc, which pushes electrons around a circuit (the “pressure”). (Voltage can be expressed as the total work done in joules transported by one amp in one second).

Resistance is the measure of the ability of a material to oppose the passage of an electric current (the “retardant”). This will depend on the nature of the material, its temperature, length, diameter and the amount of radiation falling on it.

Resistance is measured in Ohms.

Electricity flows from one point to another through a circuit and can be compared to water flowing through a pipe.

...Safety, our no. 1 value!

How does electricity kill?

The current passing through the body affects the person’s central nervous system.

This system is responsible for all involuntary actions within the body, e.g. breathing, heart beat, and digestion.

The result is that the muscles of the chest go into spasm and breathing is affected.

The muscles of the heart do not work properly or at all, and CPR is needed to try and reverse this action

...Safety, our no. 1 value!

Electrocution

This is an intolerable amount of electric current which flows through the body and results in the body going into a state of shock which may be irreversible.

Exposure to current of over 200mA could be lethal

...Safety, our no. 1 value!

What should be done if someone is electrocuted?

Turn off the power supply before touching the person.

If this is not possible, stand on suitably insulated ground and break their contact with the electrical source by using non-conductive material (e.g. wood) without making any contact with them or the source

...Safety, our no. 1 value!

Emergency TreatmentIn an event of electrocution, the following steps should be taken.

1. HAZARDClear all dangers at the scene

2. HELLOCheck responsiveness

3. HELPCall for assistance Emergency no. 112

4. AIRWAYRemove visible objects.Use Head tilt chin lift maneuver

5. BREATHINGLook, listen and feel for up to 10 seconds

6. CIRCULATIONFeel for the Carotid pulse for up to 10 seconds

7. NO BREATHINGGive 2 effective breaths at 1 breath/second

8. NO PULSEStart chest compressions at a rate of 100/min

9. COMMENCE CPRCardio Pulmonary Resuscitation

...Safety, our no. 1 value!

Earth Leakage Unit

These units are built into wiring circuits in the form of a portable unit.

It is connected in such a way that it can form a break between the main supply and the supply to the portable electrical equipment

As soon as there is any leakage to earth (“overloading” ) the unit stops the flow of current from the mains supply.

Earth leakage units should be entered on a register and checks documented at regular pre-determined intervals.

Any unit which fails to trip at 30mA, should be reported and repaired immediately.

If an earth leakage unit trips, this circuit should not be used until the problem has been identified.

...Safety, our no. 1 value!

Polarity

Polarity is the distinction between positive and negative potentials.

If plugs are incorrectly wired, resulting in a connection of positive and negative, the result is that the circuit in a machine/equipment is not broken when the switch is thrown, allowing the equipment to remain “live”.

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Safety Checks Before Using Portable Equipments

Check that the equipment has three-core wiring, unless it is of double insulated design.

Check that the earth wire is connected to the earth pin of the plug, and that sufficient slack is allowed to ensure that, should the wire be pulled from the plug, the earth wire will be the last to be disconnected.

Check that the earth wire makes full contact with the metal body of the equipment. This does not apply to double insulated appliances, which do not have an earth wire

Check that the “live” positive wire is connected to the correct terminal in the plug. This ensures that the current goes directly to the operating switch..

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Colour Coding

When the plug cover plate is removed, and you are looking at the inside of the plug, with the pins facing away from you, the following may help you to remember the colour placement

Brown is live – Right

Blue is neutral – Left

Green and yellow earth the lot - Center

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Conclusion

Thank you for taking out time to learn about safety. We hope this information was useful to you, if you have any doubts or questions, please contact the members of your SHEQ team; they will be glad to assist you in anyway they can. Do have a safe and successful day.

YOUThank

Any Questions?