Indonesia - An Overview

Namaste

Edy WardoyoCounsellor (Political Affairs)

Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia

INDONESIA- AN OVERVIEW -

LAL BAHADUR SHASTRI NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ADMINISTRATION MUSSOORIE, 18TH JULY 2013

The Indian-Indonesian relationship stretch back for almost two millennia.

In 1950, the first President of Indonesia, Soekarno, called upon the peoples of Indonesia and India to "intensify the cordial relations" that had existed between the two countries "for more than 1000 years" before they had been "disrupted" by colonial powers.

HISTORY

HISTORY

INDONESIAINDIA

The Ancient Indians spread Hinduism 

Indians had visited Indonesia since ancient times

During the Srivijaya era, many Indonesians studied at Nalanda University in India

The cultural ties still continue, with popular Indonesian Dangdut music displaying the influence of Hindustani musics.

The name Indonesia derives from the Latin 

Indus, meaning "India", and the Greek nesos,

meaning "island". (due to the similarity

of the culture in both regions)

Indonesia entered its historical period after the adoption of

 Pallawa script and Sanskrit language from India

Most evident in great numbers of Sanskrit  loanwords in Indonesian languages

India and Indonesia have many similarities in both of the community

People of Indonesia and India share similar foods, fashion, and culture.

CULTURE

• 700s – 500s BC The Borobudur and Prambanan temples are build;

• 1200s Islam Spreads Throughout the island;• 1400s The first Dutch arrive in Indonesia for the spices and

wealth;• 1605 The Dutch kick the Portuguese out of the Molucca

Islands;• 1816 Indonesia becomes a Dutch colony;• 1942 The Japanese take over during WW II;• 1945 Indonesia declares Independence.

INDONESIA’S TIME LINE

In August 1927 when Rabindranath Tagore, the Nobel prize winner arrived at Tanjung Priok harbor, he burst into a verse in the memory of the golden threads of kinship that have existed between India and Indonesia.

In 1932, Dewantoro, the founder of Taman Siswa Schools, painter Affandi and Dr. Ida Bagus Mantra visited Tagore in India at Shanti Niketan.

In 1947, Biju Patnaik came to visit Soekarno in Indonesia. Soekarno's wife had just given birth to a baby girl. It was raining heavily and Biju Patnaik suggested the name of "Meghawati" (Megha in Sanskrit means rain cloud). At present moment, Megawati Soekarnoputri, the daughter of Soekarno is the 4th President of the Republic of Indonesia. She is thought of as Putri of India also by the older generation.

HISTORICAL LINKS

• In 1947, Biju Patnaik flew a private plane full of medicines to Indonesia and also rescued Mohammad Hatta and P.M. Sutan Sjahrir from the Dutch and brought them to India.

• In 1951 when Nehru visited Bali he said, "this is the morning of the world".

• Nehru of India, Nasser of Egypt and Soekarno of Indonesia were the main architects of the policy of cooperation by the exploited nations against the rich nations.

HISTORICAL LINKS

In 1945-49, during Indonesian National Revolution and the formation of the republic, India was among the earliest nations that supported and recognised the Indonesian sovereignty and foster diplomatic relations with Republic of Indonesia.

• Opened the diplomatic relations since 3 March 1951

INDONESIA’S TIME LINE

• In 1955, Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Indonesian President Soekarno were among the five founders of the Non-aligned Movement.

• President of Indonesia Sukarno was the first chief guest at the annual Republic day parade of India. In the year 2011 too, President Soesilo Bambang Yudhoyono was the chief guest for the same.

INDONESIA’S TIME LINE

• On 25 January 2011, after talks by Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and visiting President of Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, India and Indonesia had signed business deals worth billions of dollars and set of doubling trade over the next five years;

• Tourism wise, Indonesia is one of only 14 countries in which tourist visas prior to entry are not required in India. Indian Nationals also are issued tourist visas on arrival in Indonesia;

• India also has further economic ties with Indonesia through its free trade agreement with ASEAN, of which Indonesia is a member

ECONOMY

• Indonesia's major industries involve agro-business, resource extraction and export, construction, and tourism, but a small to medium-sized industrial sector has developed since the 1970s.

• It serves domestic demand for goods (from household glassware and toothbrushes to automobiles), and produces a wide range of licensed items for multinational companies.

• Agro-business and resource extraction are primarily in the outer islands, especially Sumatra (plantations, oil, gas, and mines), Kalimantan (timber), and West Papua (mining).

ECONOMY (MAJOR INDUSTRIES)

The Rupiah is the official currency of Indonesia and at present one US dollar can be exchanged for around 10.000 Rupiah.

Rupee 1 = Rp. 170.

CURRENCY

INDONESIA POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT

Indonesia consists of 33 provinces; the youngest province is North Kalimantan established on 25th October 2012. Indonesia borders with India at Andaman and Nicobar Island

INDONESIA POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT

• The President of Indonesia both head of state and government• Multi System Parties• Executive power is exercised by the government• Legislative power is vested in both the government and the

two People's Representative Councils. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature

• The 692-member MPR includes all 560 members of the People's Representative Council (DPR) plus 132 “Regional Representatives (DPD)" elected from 33 provincial

• In May 1998 the resignation of President Suharto, several political reforms were set in motion via amendments to the Constitution of Indonesia, which resulted in changes to all branches of government

• General election in June 1999 produced the first freely elected national, provincial, and regional parliaments.

• Prepare for 2014 Election (9April 2014)

The national motto, Bhinneka Tunggal Ika , is an old Javanese expression usually translated as "unity in diversity.“

The nation's official ideology, first formulated by President Sukarno in 1945, is the Pancasila, or Five Principles: belief in one supreme God; just and civilized humanitarianism; Indonesian unity; popular sovereignty governed by wise policies arrived at through deliberation and representation; and social justice for all Indonesian people.

Since 1950 the national anthem and other songs have been sung by children throughout the country to begin the school day; by civil servants at flag-raising ceremonies.

INDONESIA POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT

Although there are hundreds of dialects throughout Indonesia, yet Bahasa Indonesia in roman script is understood everywhere and this is what unites them all in their outlook.

Indeed “Bhineka Tunggal Ika” ‘Unity in Diversity’ stands proved through Bahasa Indonesia, which shares many common words with Sanskrit like Guru, istri, suami, putri, putra, warna, Akasha and niscaya.

Bahasa Indonesia is a very artistic language. Matahari means eye of the day which means Sun. Bunga Uang means flower of money, which means interest.

The Japanese encouraged the use of Bahasa Indonesia for ulterior motives but the language grew into a great unifying factor under Soekarno.

INDONESIA POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT

INDONESIA POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT (GEN. ELECTION)

Reformation Era in Indonesia creates more democratic society.

Main challenges against Corruption, Collusion and Nepotism. Issues over this period have included a push for a

stronger democracy and civilian rule. Established Good Governance, effective and efficient

bureaucracy. Demands for greater regional autonomy in Aceh and Papua.

INDONESIA POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT

Ministry of Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform, abbreviated PAN Kemeneg, is the ministry in charge of government affairs of Indonesia that the state apparatus and bureaucracy reform.

Ministry Vision : Realization of the State Apparatus Professional, Reliable and moral Towards Good Governance

Ministry of Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform

Reformation started at 1998, continuously changing between 1999 to 2002

Since 2004, Indonesia had been known as the most democratic country, with President election system directly by the people on the basis of one man one vote

Elect members of the House of Representative, governor, Regent and Mayor of Local Government.

The reform was also marked by decentralization began 1999.

Improve public services, require presence of watchdog state agency. At 2008, Indonesian parliament stipulate Act No. 37 year 2008 on Ombudsman and Act No 25 year 2009 on Public Services.

With the various jurstiction of the Ombudsman, The President stipulated instruction No. 9 in 2011 on the Prevention of Corruption, to forces any other government bodies to make some synergic actions with Ombudsman.

ADMINISTRATIVE AND BUREAUCRATIC REFORMATION PROCESS

ADMINISTRATIVE AND BUREAUCRATIC REFORMATION PROCESS

A Government free of corruption collution, and nepotism

Improved Public Service

Profesional Performance

A WORLD CLASS

GOVERNANCE 2025

BUREAU-CRACY

REFORM

VISION OF BUREAUCRACY REFORM

Government

Business Sector

Civil Society

NEW PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

INDONESIAN CIVIL SERVICE

External Internal

Globalization

Democratization

Decentralization

TransparencyOpennes etc

Straigthen upBureaucracy

Structure

Improving Human Resources Condition

Structuring the modern and

Efficient Bureaucracy

INSTITUTIONAL APPROACH

Important factors in service civil reform

in Indonesia

Institutional

Building

Moral Conduct

Population Patterns in a Changing Political Climate. Economy development. Peoples Education in a growing population Inequalities in health. Decentralization (regional autonomy). Environmental crises. Agriculture product. Fragile Infrastructure.

CHALLENGES FOR INDONESIAN