INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT (MINISTRY OF EARTH SCIENCES) SOUTHWEST MONSOON- 2014 END OF SEASON REPORT For the State of PUNJAB Salient Features Monsoon advanced in Punjab this year on 1st July near its normal onset time and covered Punjab on 3 rd July. Earliest onset so far in Punjab is 13 th June 2008 and latest is 27 th July 1987. State received 243.5 mm of rainfall (June-September) against 491.5 mm of it Long Period Average (LPA) with overall deficit of 50% making it below normal monsoon in Punjab as predicted by IMD in its Long Range forecast issued on 4th April and updated in June and August 2014 respectively. This was fifth meteorological drought (rainfall less than 75% of LPA) in last 10 years in Punjab and was second lowest rainfall monsoon year in last 113 years (1901-2014). Lowest rainfall in Punjab was in year 1987 when overall deficit was 67%. Rainfall deficit in June, July, August and September was 46.5, 41, 24.6 and 116 % of LPA respectively. Out of 20 district in Punjab wherein rainfall was reported during Monsoon, 2014, 7 district received scanty rainfall, 9 district received deficient rainfall and 4 district received normal rainfall. Out of 56 tehsil in Punjab for which rainfall was reported it was normal in 3, excess in 1, deficit in 17 and scanty in 35 tehsil respectively. Monsoon seasonal rainfall (June – September) was 88% of LPA for country as a whole and 79% of LPA for NW India and 49.5% of LPA in Punjab. IMD operational forecast for monsoon 2014 issued in April and updated in the month of June and August 2014 for the country as a whole and for NW India was within the limit of forecast issued by IMD in August 2014 but was overestimated for Punjab. Significant damage reported to Standing Kharif crops due heavy rain in September 2014. As per estimate 25% damage was reported for basmati rice and 50% in cotton. Major affected district are Amritsar, Tarantarn, Ferozpur, Fazilka, Mukatsar, Mansa, Bhatinda, Gurdaspur, Pathankot and Patiala. This year monsoon withdrew from Punjab on 26th of September from some parts and on 28th of September from remaining parts of the state.
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INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT
(MINISTRY OF EARTH SCIENCES)
SOUTHWEST MONSOON- 2014
END OF SEASON REPORT
For the State of
PUNJAB
Salient Features
Monsoon advanced in Punjab this year on 1st July near its normal onset time and
covered Punjab on 3rd
July. Earliest onset so far in Punjab is 13th
June 2008 and latest is
27th
July 1987.
State received 243.5 mm of rainfall (June-September) against 491.5 mm of it Long
Period Average (LPA) with overall deficit of 50% making it below normal monsoon in
Punjab as predicted by IMD in its Long Range forecast issued on 4th April and updated
in June and August 2014 respectively.
This was fifth meteorological drought (rainfall less than 75% of LPA) in last 10 years in
Punjab and was second lowest rainfall monsoon year in last 113 years (1901-2014).
Lowest rainfall in Punjab was in year 1987 when overall deficit was 67%.
Rainfall deficit in June, July, August and September was 46.5, 41, 24.6 and 116 % of
LPA respectively.
Out of 20 district in Punjab wherein rainfall was reported during Monsoon, 2014, 7
district received scanty rainfall, 9 district received deficient rainfall and 4 district
received normal rainfall.
Out of 56 tehsil in Punjab for which rainfall was reported it was normal in 3, excess in 1,
deficit in 17 and scanty in 35 tehsil respectively.
Monsoon seasonal rainfall (June – September) was 88% of LPA for country as a whole
and 79% of LPA for NW India and 49.5% of LPA in Punjab.
IMD operational forecast for monsoon 2014 issued in April and updated in the month of
June and August 2014 for the country as a whole and for NW India was within the
limit of forecast issued by IMD in August 2014 but was overestimated for Punjab.
Significant damage reported to Standing Kharif crops due heavy rain in September
2014. As per estimate 25% damage was reported for basmati rice and 50% in cotton.
Major affected district are Amritsar, Tarantarn, Ferozpur, Fazilka, Mukatsar, Mansa,
Bhatinda, Gurdaspur, Pathankot and Patiala.
This year monsoon withdrew from Punjab on 26th of September from some parts and
on 28th of September from remaining parts of the state.
1. Onset and advance of Monsoon 2014
This year monsoon set in Kerala on five days after the normal onset date. Monsoon also
advanced most parts of south Arabian Sea, some parts of Tamilnandu, most parts of West Central
southwest Bay of Bengal on same day. It further advanced central Arabian Sea, South Gujarat
entire Kokan & Goa, some parts of South Peninsula, Odisha, Jharkhand and Bihar, entire NE
states and most parts of Gangetic West Bengal by 18th June. It further advanced in most parts of
South Peninsula east and adjoining parts of Central India by 20th June. Monsoon remained in
weak phase for next about 10 days. Subsequently a favorable interaction of monsoonal flow with
mid latitude westerlies gave further impetus for advancement of southwest monsoon in Western
Himalayan region and plain of NW India. Monsoon advanced in to entire Uttrakhand, Himachal
Pradesh and entire Jammu and Kashmir, some parts of Uttar Pradesh, some parts of Haryana
including Chandigarh and Punjab on 1st July 2014. Advance of monsoon 2014 is shown in the
fig below.
2. Performance of Monson 2014:-
This year monsoon advanced in Punjab on 1st July in some parts and on 3
rd July in remaining
parts and facilitated transplanting /sowing of paddy. Timely and advanced forecast issued by
Meteorological Centre, Chandigarh on 30th May and subsequent update about poor and erratic
monsoon rainfall in Punjab helped the state administration to optimise various resources such as
Irrigation, Power, Agriculture, Health which in turn helped the state administration in planning.
Prevalent feature of monsoon 2014 in Punjab was erratic spread of rainfall on temporal and
spatial scale during entire monsoon season embedded with few heavy/extreme rainfall events in
first fortnight of August and 1st week of September but overall rainfall remained below normal in
Punjab during monsoon 2014. Spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall was poorly defined in
Punjab in the month of June, July and August however stress was significant due very poor
rainfall in the month of July & August.
3. Rainfall distribution (June – September) 2014
During monsoon 2014 state received 243.9 mm of rainfall against it normal rainfall of 491.5
mm (1941 – 1990) which was 49.5% of LPA making it deficient monsoon year as predicted by
IMD in June 2014. In the last ten year (2005 – 2014), the rainfall during monsoon 2014 (June –
September) was least in Punjab and out of 20 districts for which data is available 7 districts i.e.
35% district received scanty rainfall, 9 district i.e. 45% district received deficient rainfall and
only 4 district i.e. 20% district in the state received normal rainfall.
Deficit monsoon rainfall year Punjab (2005 – 2014)
MONSOON YEAR ACTUAL (mm) NORMAL (mm) DEPARTURE %
2005 445.1 501.8 -11.3
2006 436.5 501.8 -13.0
2007 340.4 501.8 -32.2
2008 603.7 501.8 +20.3
2009 323.6 501.8 -35.5
2010 458.2 496.4 -7.5
2011 459.2 496.4 -7.5
2012 266.0 496.3 -46.4
2013 477.9 491.5 -2.8
2014 243.9 491.5 -50.4
Rainfall distribution for state of Punjab and for the country as whole
during Monsoon 2014 is shown below.
District wise and state wise seasonal rainfall for Punjab and for country as a whole.
Tehsil wise rainfall distribution in Punjab out of 56 tehsil for which data is
available 17 tehsil received deficit , 35 scanty whereas only 4 tehsil received
normal to excess rainfall during monsoon shown in Table below indicating
Normal, Excess, Deficit and Scanty rainfall.
DISTRICTS NORMAL EXCESS DEFICIT SCANTY TOTAL
AMRITSAR 0 0 1 2 3
BARNALA 0 0 0 1 1
BHATINDA 1 0 0 2 3
FARIDKOT 0 0 1 0 1
FATEHGARH SAHIB 0 0 0 2 2
FEROZEPUR 0 0 1 4 5
MUKTSAR 0 0 1 1 2
GURDASPUR 1 0 1 1 3
NAWANSHAHAR 0 0 2 0 2
SANGUR 0 0 0 4 4
ROPAR 0 1 1 2 4
PATIALA 0 0 2 2 4
HOSHIARPUR 0 0 1 3 4
LUDHIANA 0 0 1 4 5
JALLANDHAR 0 0 1 3 4
KAPURTHALA 1 0 1 1 3
MANSA 0 0 0 1 1
MOGA 0 0 1 0 1
MOHALI 0 0 1 1 2
TARAN TARAN 0 0 1 1 2
Southwest monsoon 2014 actual rainfall for India, NW India and
Punjab is shown in the Table below
Region Actual Rainfall
(mm)
Long Period
Average (mm) % Of LPA
All India 777.5 886.9 88
NW India 483.1 615.0 79
Punjab 243.9 491.5 50
4. Monthly rainfall distribution
Monthly rainfall distribution for the month of June, July August and September and for first
& second half of monsoon 2014 for Punjab is shown the Tabular and graphical view given
below.
Months Actual (mm) Normal (mm) % of LPA
June 20.7 44.5 46.5
July 76.0 185.9 40.8
August 41.9 170.3 25
September 105.3 90.8 115
June – July (1st Half) 96.7 230.4 42
August – September (2nd
Half) 147.2 261.1 56.3
Monthly rainfall distribution monsoon season & for second half of Monsoon 2014 in Punjab
JUNE JULY
AUGUST SEPTEMBER
Details of number of districts with excess, normal, deficient, scanty and no rainfall during
the months of June, July, August, September, June-July (First Half) & August-September
(Second half) is shown in tabular form in the given below table.
MONTHS EXCESS NORMAL DEFICIENT SCANTY NO RAIN
June 0 5 4 11 0
July 0 1 11 8 0
August 0 1 2 17 0
September 9 4 7 0 0
June-July (First Half) 0 1 9 10 0
August-September
(Second half) 2 2 6 10 0
Season 0 4 9 7 0
First half Second half
June 2014 Punjab
State received 20.7 mm of rainfall against its normal long period Average which was
44.9 of LPA.
Highest rainfall in Punjab during last 113 (1901–2014) is 203.3 mm in 2008 which was
452 % of LPA followed by year 1996 and 1986 with rainfall of 158 mm and 151 mm
respectively.
The rainfall during June 2014 was deficient by 53.5% in the state. No heavy spell of
rainfall occurred during June 2014 in the state. Daily time series of rainfall in Punjab
during June 2014 is shown the fig below.
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29
RA
INF
AL
L (
in m
m)
DATE
DAILY RAINFALL IN PUNJAB - JUNE 2014
ACTUAL
NORMAL
July 2014 Punjab
State received 76.0 mm of rainfall in July 2014 against its normal rainfall of 185.9 mm
with overall deficit of 59.1% which is 41% of LPA.
Highest rainfall received in Punjab during July month during (1901–2014) was in year
1988 when state received 455.1 mm of rainfall against its LPA of 190.5 mm followed by
1980 and 1993 when state received 443.8 mm and 413.9 mm of rainfall respectively.
Lowest rainfall in July during (1901-2014) was in 1911 when state received 25.0 mm of
rainfall against 158.4 mm with deficit of 84% followed by year 1987 and 1964 when
rainfall was 31.8 mm and 35.4 mm respectively.
During the last decade lowest rainfall was in year 2012 followed by year 2014 wherein
state received 67.7 mm and 76.0 mm rainfall with overall deficit of 63.7% and 59.1%
respectively. Daily time series of rainfall in Punjab during July 2014 is shown the fig
below.
State received spells of very heavy rainfall (More than 12cm) in July 2014 is shown in
table 1.
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31
RA
INF
AL
L (
in m
m)
DATE
DAILY RAINFALL IN PUNJAB - JULY 2014
ACTUAL
NORMAL
August 2014 Punjab
Punjab received 41.9 mm of rainfall against its normal of 170.3 mm with overall
deficiency of 75.4% and is 24.6% of LPA.
Highest rainfall in Punjab during (1901–2014) was in 1908 when state received 402.7
mm of rainfall against its normal of 152.9 mm followed by year 1976 and 1933 when
rainfall was 357 mm and 326 mm respectively.
Lowest rainfall during (1901-2014) was in 1993 when state received 24.3 mm of rainfall
against it normal of 169.6 mm followed by year 1937 and 2014 with rainfall of 27.0 mm
and 41.9 mm with overall deficit of 82.1 and 75.4% respectively.
State experienced spells of very heavy rainfall (More than 12cm) in August is given in
table 1.
Daily time series rainfall in Punjab during August 2014 is shown the fig. below.
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31
RA
INF
AL
L (
in m
m)
DATE
DAILY RAINFALL IN PUNJAB - AUGUST 2014
ACTUAL
NORMAL
September 2014 Punjab
State received 105.3 mm of rainfall against its normal rainfall of 90.8 mm and was 115 %
of LPA.
During the last decade rainfall was highest in the year 2014 followed by year 2011
wherein state received 12.6% excess rainfall from normal.
State experienced spells of very heavy rainfall (More than 12cm) in September 2014 is
shown in Table 1.
Daily time series of rainfall in Punjab during September 2014 is shown the fig below.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29
RA
INF
AL
L (
in m
m)
DATE
DAILY RAINFALL IN PUNJAB - SEPTEMBER 2014
ACTUAL
NORMAL
Chief Amounts Rainfall 12 cm and above – July, August & September 2014
Table.1
MONTH DATE DISTRICT STATIONRAINFALL (in
cm)
2 ROPAR Ropar 14
GURDASPUR Phangota 14
GURDASPUR Gurdaspur (AWS) 12
17 NAWANSHAHR Nawanshahr 15
NAWANSHAHR Balachaur 18
LUDHIANA Ludhiana 13
KAPURTHALA Phagwara 13
HOSHIARPUR Hoshiarpur 12
7 ROPAR Nangal 14
15 GURDASPUR Malakpur 19
16 ROPAR Nangal 14
1 ROPAR Nangal 21
AMRITSAR Amritsar 15
PATIALA Rajpura 15
PATIALA Rauni (AWS) 12
PATIALA Patiala (Revenue) 12
PATIALA Patiala 12
JULY
AUGUST
September6
16
28
5. Daily and weekly rainfall distribution:-
Daily rainfall distribution indicates that monsoon was active during third week of July,
vigorous during first week of September. It was below normal for most part of June except
couple of days in the last week. It remained above normal in first, third week of July and
below normal remaining period. In August it remained below normal for most part except
couple of days in the first week. In September rainfall was above normal during first and
second week and remained below normal for rest period. Daily time series of monsoon
rainfall (June – September) is shown in fig below.
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
1-J
un
5-J
un
9-J
un
13-J
un
17-J
un
21-J
un
25-J
un
29-J
un
3-J
ul
7-J
ul
11-J
ul
15-J
ul
19-J
ul
23-J
ul
27-J
ul
31-J
ul
4-A
ug
8-A
ug
12-A
ug
16-A
ug
20-A
ug
24-A
ug
28-A
ug
1-S
ep
5-S
ep
9-S
ep
13-S
ep
17-S
ep
21-S
ep
25-S
ep
29-S
ep
% D
EP
AR
TU
RE
RA
INF
AL
L (
in m
m)
DATE
DAILY TIME SERIES OF MONSOON RAINFALL PUNJAB (JUNE - SEPTEMBER) - 2014
ACTUAL NORMAL % DEPARTURE
Weekly rainfall departure in shown fig below which shows rainfall remained below
normal for all weeks during monsoon season except in the last week of June when it
remained near normal and 2nd
week of September when it remained above normal.
-125
-100
-75
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
04.0
6.2
01
4
11.0
6.2
01
4
18.0
6.2
01
4
25.0
6.2
01
4
02.0
7.2
01
4
09.0
7.2
01
4
16.0
7.2
01
4
23.0
7.2
01
4
30.0
7.2
01
4
06.0
8.2
01
4
13.0
8.2
01
4
20.0
8.2
01
4
27.0
8.2
01
4
03.0
9.2
01
4
10.0
9.2
01
4
17.0
9.2
01
4
24.0
9.2
01
5
01.1
0.2
01
4
% D
EP
AR
TU
RE
FR
OM
NO
RM
AL
WEEK ENDING DATE
Weekly Rainfall % Departure - Monsoon 2014 Punjab State
% DEPARTURE
Weekly cumulative rainfall departure indicates that they remained below normal
during the monsoon season and is shown in fig below.