India: Gujarat Solar Power Project - Asian Development Bank

Environmental and Social Monitoring Report

Annual Environmental and Social Monitoring Report Project Number: 54035-001 October 2021

India: Gujarat Solar Power Project

Prepared by ERM India Private Limited for Asian Development Bank This environmental and social monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

The business of sustainability

Engie

Migratory Season Bird Survey for a Solar Project in Radhanesada, Tehsil Vav of Banaskantha District

Final Report

08 October 2021

Project No.: 0540905

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Document title Migratory Season Bird Survey for a Solar Project in Radhanesada, Tehsil Vav of

Banaskantha District

Document subtitle Final Report

Project No. 0540905

Date 08 October 2021

Version 3.0

Author ERM India Private Limited

Client Name Engie

Document history

ERM approval to issue

Version Revision Author Reviewed by Name Date Comments

Draft 1.0 Suhas Fuladi Arun

Venkataraman

Ajay Pillai 19.07.2021 Approved as draft

report

Draft 2.0 Suhas Fuladi Arun

Venkataraman

Ajay Pillai 08.09.2021 Comments

addressed

Final 3.0 Suhas Fuladi Arun

Venkataraman

Ajay Pillai 08.10.2021 Comments

addressed and

finalized the

report


Signature Page

08 October 2021

Migratory Season Bird Survey for a Solar Project in Radhanesada, Tehsil Vav of Banaskantha District

Final Report

Name Arun Venkataraman

Job title Technical Director

Name Ajay Pillai

Job Partner

Name Suhas Fuladi

Job title Consultant

ERM India Private Limited

3rd Floor, Building.10B,

DLF Cyber City

Gurgaon, NCR – 122002

© Copyright 2021 by ERM Worldwide Group Ltd and/or its affiliates (“ERM”).

All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form,

or by any means, without the prior written permission of ERM.


MIGRATORY SEASON BIRD SURVEY FOR A SOLAR PROJECT IN RADHANESADA, TEHSIL VAV OF BANASKANTHA DISTRICT

Final Report

CONTENTS

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Project Site .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives and Scope of Work ....................................................................................................... 1

2. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................... 2

2.1 Monitoring Sessions ...................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Study Area ..................................................................................................................................... 2 2.3 Limitations...................................................................................................................................... 3 2.4 Survey Effort .................................................................................................................................. 3

2.4.1 Vantage Point Locations ............................................................................................... 3 2.4.2 Waterbody Survey ........................................................................................................ 4 2.4.3 Drive through ................................................................................................................ 4 2.4.4 Potential Habitat Identification and Mapping ................................................................. 5

3. FINDINGS ..................................................................................................................................... 9

3.1 Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 9 3.2 Congregations of Migratory Avifauna ............................................................................................. 9 3.3 Status of Sociable Lapwing (Vanellus gregarius) ......................................................................... 11 Soaring and Large-bodied Species ............................................................................................................ 12

4. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................ 13

APPENDIX A AVIFAUNAL SPECIES RECORDED IN THE STUDY AREA

APPENDIX B AVIFAUNA RECORDED THROUGH DIFFERENT SURVEY METHOS

List of Tables

Table 2.1 Sampling Efforts ............................................................................................................... 3

Table 2.2 Equipment used during field survey ................................................................................. 3

Table 2.3 Vantage Point Locations .................................................................................................. 3

Table 2.4 Location of waterbodies surveyed ................................................................................... 4

List of Figures

Figure 2.1 Various habitats around the some of the observation points ........................................... 5

Figure 2.2 Study Area and Sampling Locations ................................................................................ 6

Figure 2.3 Observation Points and Grasslands ................................................................................ 7

Figure 2.4 Locations of the waterbodies surveyed ........................................................................... 8

Figure 3.1 Congregations of the birds in the Study area ................................................................ 10

Figure 3.2 Monthly distribution of Sociable Lapwing ....................................................................... 11

Figure 3.3 Tracks of satellite-tagged Sociable Lapwing ................................................................. 12

Figure 4.1 Species observed in the Study Area .............................................................................. 14

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MIGRATORY SEASON BIRD SURVEY FOR A SOLAR PROJECT IN RADHANESADA, TEHSIL VAV OF BANASKANTHA DISTRICT Final Report

INTRODUCTION

1. INTRODUCTION

ERM India was commissioned to undertake a winter season survey for ENGIE’s 200 MW Solar Power

Site at Radhanesada Solar Park at Teh. Vav of Banaskantha District. ESIA studies and Critical

Habitat Assessment studies undertaken for the project site and transmission line by a third party

consultant suspected critical habitats for presence of Sociable Lapwing (Vanellus gregarius) an IUCN

listed Critically Endangered species at the site. The bird study conducted by the ERM India did not

support this fact however; it was further decided to re-evaluate this scenario by undertaking the

primary data survey in the migratory season of 2020.

1.1 Project Site

The proposed solar project has two components

Solar Plant of area (380 Ha.) of land area; and

220 KV shared Transmission line 35 KM of CTU (PGCIL) and connect to 220/400 KV Switchyard

CTU(PGCIL) in Vav

The proposed Radhanesada Solar project is located in Village Radhanesada, Tehsil Vav of

Banaskantha District Gujarat. The project site is largely part of Vav Sandy plains of Gujarat Alluvial

plains. It lies in the northern Rann of Kutch. The project site can be classified as an ecotone area

between saline mud flats and the fringe of open and dense scrub vegetation in the mainland. The

saline mud flats usually remain dry all through the year except during rainy season (August-October)

when it is inundated and becomes a saline marsh due to the discharges of Luni and Banas River. The

Rann area holds water for some time before it is further drained ultimately to the Greater Rann of

Kutch and the Arabian Sea.

The majority of the habitats within the project site varies from dense scrub to open scrub with open

areas of grasslands and saline mud flats.

The Power evacuation is planned through a shared transmission line (under construction) of 220 kV.

The transmission line is of 35 km length and starts from the Solar Park and ends at the Vav-Suigam

road (NH-68) at 765/400/220 kV Banaskantha Substation (PG) under construction. The transmission

line passes primarily through agricultural landscapes with a few smaller waterbodies along the

transmission line corridor.

1.2 Objectives and Scope of Work

The objectives and scope of work for the study is broadly described as following

Identification of Priority species of birds, such as threatened, restricted-range and migratory

species and those particularly at risk of PV farm development (habitat loss) during the migratory

season (Autumn and Spring);

Characterizing the project area with respect to priority bird occurrences with a focus on the

possible occurrence of Sociable Lapwing (Vanellus gregarius);

Enumeration of the bird species (resident and migratory) using accepted methods such as

Vantage Point Survey and habitat surveys

Characterizing the bird species and their enumeration by undertaking habitat specific surveys;

Quantification of bird species as per Total counts, Habitat specific counts and survey method

specific counts

Characterization of bird species based on flight pattern, flight height and nature of assemblage.



APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

2. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

2.1 Monitoring Sessions

The survey was undertaken on the lines of the previous survey undertaken during the month of January-February 2020. More emphasis was given to potential habitats of Sociable Lapwing (Vanellus gregarius) in the Study area. The species feeds mainly on the grassland and arable land. Two sessions were undertaken as below:

Session I: 3rd November to 9th November 2020

Session II: 15th January to 24th January 2021

2.2 Study Area

The survey effort focused on the following locations

1. Project Site and surrounding vicinity of 500 m;

2. Additionally staging grounds from Sociable Lapwing will be identified within 5 km of the project

site

A grid layer of 3km x 3km was overlaid on the study area with the help of GIS platform. During the site

visit, the grids were visited and checked for accessibility. The surveys were undertaken in eight

accessible grids covering most of the mainland area. The main habitat types identifies in the Study

area were grasslands, waterbodies, mudflats, scrubland and agricultural fields.

The data collection emphasizing on the Sociable Lapwing was undertaken with following

methodologies:

Vantage Point surveys recorded bird activity in the study area during the peak hours of bird activity

I.e. early morning and evening (6:00- 09:30 and 15:30-18:30). The potential locations in the areas

with high bird activity or availability of potential habitat patches for Sociable Lapwing and/or other

migratory species were identified during the study. These points were marked and visited multiple

times during the study. Minimum two continuous hours were spent at each point during the peak

activity hours during each session. The vantage points were visited again for relatively shorter

duration during both the sessions. A total of 4 visits were made to the vantage points during both the

sampling sessions. The area within 0.5 to 1 km radius was scanned during the survey based on the

habitat and visibility. For each bird sighting during the vantage point, waterbody and drive through

surveys, the following information will be recorded: Species name

Common name

No. of individuals

Age/Sex where possible

Direction and height of flight

Nearest approximate distance from observer

Activity of the sighted bird(s) and

Amount of time the bird was observed.

Water body Survey: The major waterbodies and saltpans within 2 km radius of the Solar Park were

visited multiple times (at least twice) during each monitoring session. Water bodies were visited to

identify migratory or congregatory species using these habitats.

Drive through Surveys: Opportunistic drive through surveys were conducted along the motorable

roads inside the Study area of 2 km radius. These surveys were specifically aimed at observing

raptors and congregatory species flying across the landscape.




Community Consultations: Consultations were undertaken with the villagers (Radhanesada,

Kundaliya, Chandangadh, Vav) about the presence of Sociable Lapwing and other migratory species

and IUCN red-listed threatened species in Project landscape and along the transmission line corridor.

2.3 Limitations

Only accessible areas within the Study area were sampled. Some areas in Rann were

inaccessible due to mud and waterlogging.

No surveys were undertaken within the Project boundary due to ongoing construction activities.

2.4 Survey Effort

The Survey efforts undertaken during two monitoring sessions (November and January) are indicated

in Error! Reference source not found.. The data was generated through 107 hrs in two sessions.

Table 2.1 Sampling Efforts

Survey Methods Effort/unit Session 1 Session 2 Total Hours

Vantage Point Survey

2 to 2.5 hr/VP 35 Hrs 40 Hrs 75 Hrs

Drive Through Survey

- 6 Hrs 6 Hrs 12 Hrs

Waterbody Survey 30-60 min/WB 8 Hrs 12 Hrs 20 Hrs

Total 49 Hrs 58 Hrs 107 Hrs

The surveys were undertaken by three ecologists during both the sessions. The following equipment

were used during the field surveys:

Table 2.2 Equipment used during field survey

SN Equipment Number

1 Spotting Scope (60X Magnification) 1

2 Nikon Binocular 12x50 1

3 Nikon Binocular 8x 42 2

4 Nikon D5100 DSLR Camera 1

5 Tamron 150-600 mm Lens 1

6 Nikon P900 Camera 1

7 Canon SX40 Camera 1

8 Garmin GPS 1

2.4.1 Vantage Point Locations

A total of 15 points were identified and monitored during the surveys. The locations of these points

have been provided in Table 2.3.

Table 2.3 Vantage Point Locations

Vantage Point Number Latitude Longitude

P1 24.514234 71.250398

P2 24.518496 71.254660

P3 24.553641 71.286894




Vantage Point Number Latitude Longitude

P4 24.570186 71.303679

P5 24.600713 71.305234

P6 24.519037 71.289411

P7 24.533483 71.322628

P8 24.534061 71.311008

P9 24.540088 71.342237

P10 24.609876 71.326926

P11 24.551936 71.363140

P12 24.512695 71.388101

P13 24.493195 71.360106

P14 24.621744 71.368953

P15 24.561275 71.297756

2.4.2 Waterbody Survey

All the waterbodies (Total 14 including small and medium) identified during previous surveys were

surveyed in the Study area. No large congregations of birds were observed at smaller

waterbodies/ponds. The shallow waterbodies formed in the Rann area were visited multiple times as

more activity was recorded from such habitats. The locations of the surveyed waterbodies have been

provided in Table 2.4.

Table 2.4 Location of waterbodies surveyed

Name Latitude Longitude

WB1 24.54548 71.28279

WB2 24.53789 71.29221

WB3 24.54183 71.34297

WB4 24.54712 71.34827

WB5 24.55084 71.3575

WB6 24.55237 71.36376

WB7 24.54003 71.37937

WB8 24.53026 71.36652

WB9 24.51239 71.38646

WB10 24.44847 71.38862

WB11 24.45132 71.38353

WB12 24.39426 71.42515

WB13 24.383 71.42787

WB14 24.37809 71.43056

2.4.3 Drive through

All the available motorable and accessible tracks in the Study area were sampled during early

morning and evening hours to record the activity of raptors and other migratory species in the region.

The tracks surveyed during drive-through have been indicated in Figure 2.2. The vehicle was driven

along the available mototable roads at a speed of 20-30 km/hr and the species encountered were




recorded. The tracks were also sampled white approaching and returning from the vantage points and

waterbodies. More than 55 km of the tracks were surveyed once during each sampling session.

2.4.4 Potential Habitat Identification and Mapping

The potential habitats for the Sociable Lapwing within the study area were identified during the first

session and monitored. The points considered during this exercise are provided below:

A grid layer (3X3 km grid size) was overlaid considering 5 km radius of the Project site as study

area;

Out of 19 grids, 11 grids covering muddy saline terrain of the Rann were inaccessible;

Potential habitats of Sociable Lapwing such as dry grasslands with short grasses, sandy plains,

etc. were identified and marked with the help of satellite imagery;

Vantage point, drive through and waterbody surveys were undertaken in 8 accessible grids and

surrounding areas;

Potential habitats of Social Lapwing identified from imagery were visited; observation points were

marked and visited at least twice per during each monitoring session;

Figure 2.1 Various habitats around the some of the observation points

View from P14 View from P6

View from P1 View from P3




Figure 2.2 Study Area and Sampling Locations




Figure 2.3 Observation Points and Grasslands




Figure 2.4 Locations of the waterbodies surveyed



FINDINGS

3. FINDINGS

3.1 Summary

The primary surveys were undertaken through two monitoring sessions in the months of November

2020 and January 2021. The key observations of the study have been presented below:

No Sociable Lapwing was detected during both the sessions of the survey; also the consultations

with the locals did not confirm the presence of the species in this landscape;

A few relatively larger patches of dry grasslands with short grasses, which are preferred habitat of

species, were observed in the northern parts (indicated as P5 in Figure 2.3) along the edge of

Rann outside 5 km radius of the Project boundary;

A total of 70 avifaunal species were recorded, of which 35 were migratory and 35 were resident;

Common Cranes, which are congregatory birds, were observed in good numbers (approx.150),

specifically in the northern areas;

Mixed flocks of migratory ducks (Approx. 500+) were observed at the water bodies in and around

the Study area;

More than 12 raptor species were recorded (7 migratory and 5 resident);

Endangered (IUCN v. 2021-1) Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) and Egyptian Vulture (Neophron

percnopterus) were recorded during the surveys; Egyptian Vulture was observed outside the

Study area.

Four Vulnerable (IUCN VU v 2021-1) species viz. Asian Woollyneck (Ciconia episcopus),

Common Pochard (Aythya ferina), Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliacal), Tawny Eagle (Aquila

rapaxand) and five Near Threatened (IUCN NT v 2021-1) species viz. Black-tailed Godwit

(Limosa limosa), Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata), Laggar Falcon (Falco jugger), Pallid

Harrier (Circus macrourus) and River Tern (Sterna aurantia) were observed during the survey;

12 species protected under Schedule I of Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act viz. Black-winged Kite

(Elanus caeruleus), Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus), Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila

heliacal), Laggar Falcon (Falco jugger), Long-legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus), Marsh Harrier

(Circus aeruginosus), Montagu's Harrier (Circus pygargus), Pallid Harrier (Circus macrourus)

Shikra (Accipiter badius), Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis), Tawny Eagle (Aquila rapax) and

White-eyed Buzzard (Butastur teesa) were recorded in the Study area;

No surveys were undertaken inside the Project boundary due to construction activities; however,

considering the disturbance inside, the species is unlikely to be present within the Project site.

3.2 Congregations of Migratory Avifauna

Large congregations (500+ birds) of migratory ducks and waders were observed at the waterbodies

and in Rann area. The mixed flocks of ducks were comprised of Common Pochard (Aythya ferina),

Northern Shoveler (Spatula clypeata), Common Teal (Anas crecca), Gadwall (Mareca strepera), etc.

while majority of the waders were Ruff (Calidris pugnax), Common Redshank (Tringa totanus) and

Black-winged Stilts (Himantopus himantopus). Waders were mostly restricted to the northern part of

the Study area with shallow waterbodies in the Rann. A few congregations/flocks of Common Cranes

(Grus grus) (about 100-150 birds in total) were also observed in the Rann and around shallow

waterbodies during both the sessions. The approximate numbers of these species were recorded

during both the monitoring sessions, however, none of the species crosses the threshold of ≥1% of

the global population of any migratory or congretory species.



FINDINGS

Figure 3.1 Congregations of the birds in the Study area

Congregations/flocks of Migratory Ducks

Congregations/flocks of Waders (Ruffs, Redshanks, etc.)



FINDINGS

3.3 Status of Sociable Lapwing (Vanellus gregarius)

The Draft CHA report (AECOM Jan 2020, section 5, sub-section 5.1) of Radhanesda Solar Power

Park, Gujarat, India mentioned Sociable Lapwing as potential CH trigger species within the study

area. The Critically Endangered (IUCN CR v 2021-1) Sociable lapwing (Vanellus gregarius) is a

migratory species that winters in north-western India along with many other countries in middle and

southern Asia. The wintering range of the species in India lies mainly in the north and west of the

country, in the states of Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan and Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya

Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, some parts of Karnataka and Kerala1. It is known to breed in

Kazakhstan and central parts of southern Russia. The species prefers habitats such as steppes,

savannah, dry plains, sandy wastes, harvested millet fields and short grass areas adjacent to

waterbodies2.

The review of ebird.org data and consultations with the birding guides confirmed that the species

winters in Nal Sarovar area in Gujarat, which is located at more than 195 km south of the Project site.

A flock of around 50 individuals was observed at Nal Sarovar during 2019-20 winter. The

consultations revealed that the Sociable Lapwings last sighted on 2nd March 2020 at Nal Sarovar

were not recorded thereafter in the region. A single individual of the species has also been recorded

from Thar landscape (Desert National Park and Khetolai) in Rajasthan, located at more than 158 km

north of the Project area, in October 20203. The bird was spotted after 22 years in this landscape.

Based on this information, it is evident that the species starts arriving in India in the month of October

and stays until March5 (Refer Figure 3.2).

Figure 3.2 Monthly distribution of Sociable Lapwing

Source: Donald et.al. (2021)4

1 Lakhmapurkar, Jayendra & Gavali, Deepa & Deshkar, Sonal & Rathod, Jagruti. (2014). Sociable Lapwing. International

Journal of Research in Zoology. 29-31. 2 http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/sociable-lapwing-vanellus-gregarius/text

3 https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/jaisalmer-welcomes-rare-feathered-guests/articleshow/78880447.cms

4 Donald, Paul & Kamp, Johannes & Green, Rhys & Urazaliyev, Ruslan & Koshkin, Maxim & Sheldon, Rob. (2021). Migration

strategy, site fidelity and population size of the globally threatened Sociable Lapwing Vanellus gregarius. Journal of Ornithology. 162. 10.1007/s10336-020-01844-y.

http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/sociable-lapwing-vanellus-gregarius/text

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/jaisalmer-welcomes-rare-feathered-guests/articleshow/78880447.cms



FINDINGS

A recent (2021) satellite telemetry study of the species confirmed the species movement from the

State of Rajasthan and northern Gujarat. However, it does not discuss the exact locations of the

staging sites (Refer Figure 3.3).

The Study area does have fallow fields in some parts and grasslands in some areas of the Raan. All

such accessible habitats were visited and monitored during both the survey sessions. Relatively tall

grasses were observed on a few of the islands/patches in the Rann. Such habitats are not preferred

by the species. Some patches of short grasses outside the 5 km radius of the Project site were

regularly monitored, however, no bird was recorded. The number of fallow fields present within the

Study area was relatively less. Many of such agricultural fields were also sampled with no sighting

records of the species. Also, considering the high anthropogenic activities in the landscape, the

species is very unlikely to be present in the vicinity of the Project site and present inside the Project

site.

Figure 3.3 Tracks of satellite-tagged Sociable Lapwing

Source: Donald et.al. (2021)5

Soaring and Large-bodied Species

Some of the species with peculiar flight pattern such as soaring, high flyers and/or with relatively

larger size are more prone to collision with the transmission line components or electrocution. A total

of 27 species were identified to have this characterization. The raptors with larger wingspan such as

Steppe Eagle, Imperial Eagle, Tawny Eagle, Buzzards, Harriers, Falcons, etc. were recorded during

the study. In addition, relatively large-bodied species included migratory ducks, Egrets, Storks and

Common Cranes. Such species have been indicated in Appendix A.

5 Donald, Paul & Kamp, Johannes & Green, Rhys & Urazaliyev, Ruslan & Koshkin, Maxim & Sheldon, Rob. (2021). Migration

strategy, site fidelity and population size of the globally threatened Sociable Lapwing Vanellus gregarius. Journal of Ornithology. 162. 10.1007/s10336-020-01844-y.



CONCLUSION

4. CONCLUSION

The migratory season surveys undertaken in November 2020 and January 2021 recorded at least 70

species of migratory as well as resident avifaunal species. Two Endangered species viz. Steppe

Eagle and Egyptian Vulture were recorded from this landscape. Congregations of ducks and waders

were recorded at the waterbodies and Rann areas. A few potential habitat patches for Critically

Endangered Sociable Lapwing were identified in and around 5 km radius of the Project site. These

habitats were surveyed multiple times during both the monitoring sessions. However, the presence of

the species was not confirmed in the Study area. In addition, there are no previous sighting

records/evidences of the species present within the Study area. The species is less likely to be found

within 5 km radius of the Project site and this can be attributed to no sighting records during both the

monitoring sessions, availability of less number of fallow fields and short grass patches in the Study

area and high anthropogenic pressure.



CONCLUSION

Figure 4.1 Species observed in the Study Area

Steppe Eagle Imperial Eagle Tawny Eagle Long-legged Buzzard

Marsh Harrier Montagu’s Harrier Common Kestrel Black Stork

Booted Eagle Common Pochard Gadwall Asian Woollyneck



CONCLUSION

Ruff Common Redshank Migratory Ducks Common Cranes

Desert Wheatear Variable Wheatear Bimaculated Lark Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse

Barn Swallow Rosy Starling Black-winged Stilt Indian Roller


APPENDIX A AVIFAUNAL SPECIES RECORDED IN THE STUDY AREA


Table A1 Avifaunal species recorded from the Study area

SN

Common Name Scientific Name Resident/ Migratory/

Congregatory

IUCN Status

IWPA, 1972

Schedule

Approx. Number of Individuals

Habitat observed in

Nov Sessio

n

Jan Sessio

n

Grassland Scrubland

Waterbody/ Mudflats

1 Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis R LC IV 7 4 3 8 0

2 Asian Woollyneck Ciconia episcopus R VU IV 2 0 0 0 2

3 Bank Myna Acridotheres ginginianus R LC IV 14 5 5 4 10

4 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica M LC IV 50 33 14 1 68

5 Bimaculated Lark Melanocorypha bimaculata

M LC IV 8 4 12 0 0

6 Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus R LC IV 16 11 7 16 4

7 Black Stork Ciconia nigra M LC IV 1 0 0 0 1

8 Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa M, C NT IV 46 35 0 0 81

9 Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus R LC I 8 4 7 5 0

10 Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus R LC IV 56 50 0 0 106

11 Blue-cheeked Bee-eater Merops persicus M LC IV 8 0 1 6 1

12 Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus M LC I 3 1 3 1 0

13 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis R LC IV 23 12 27 4 4

14 Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse

Pterocles exustus R LC IV 55 32 13 0 74

15 Common Babbler Argya caudata R LC IV 12 8 1 17 2

16 Common Crane Grus grus M, C LC IV 100 150 235 0 15

17 Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus M LC IV 3 2 3 2 0

18 Common Pochard Aythya ferina M, C VU IV 150 120 0 0 270


SN


Congregatory

IUCN Status

IWPA, 1972

Schedule


Habitat observed in

Nov Sessio

n

Jan Sessio

n

Grassland Scrubland

Waterbody/ Mudflats

19 Common Redshank Tringa totanus M, C LC IV 120 80 0 0 200

20 Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos M LC IV 34 24 0 0 58

21 Common Teal Anas crecca M, C LC IV 50 40 0 0 90

22 Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti M LC IV 13 10 21 2 0

23 Eastern Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca M VU I 1 1 0 0 2

24 Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus R EN IV 0 1 0 1 0

25 Eurasian collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto R LC IV 48 43 9 82 0

26 Eurasian Coot Fulica atra R LC IV 68 50 0 0 118

27 Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata M NT IV 0 1 0 0 1

28 Gadwall Mareca strepera M, C LC IV 50 30 0 0 80

29 Great Egret Ardea alba R LC IV 1 2 0 0 3

30 Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus M, C LC IV 50 65 0 0 115

31 Greater short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla M, C LC IV 120 100 208 12 0

32 Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis R LC IV 32 24 13 40 3

33 Grey Francolin Francolinus pondicerianus R LC IV 12 16 15 13 0

34 House Crow Corvus splendens R LC IV 4 2 0 6 0

35 House Sparrow Passer domesticus R LC IV 13 22 4 31 0

36 Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii R LC IV 2 3 0 0 5

37 Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis R LC IV 4 2 4 1 1


SN


Congregatory

IUCN Status

IWPA, 1972

Schedule


Habitat observed in

Nov Sessio

n

Jan Sessio

n

Grassland Scrubland

Waterbody/ Mudflats

38 Indian Silverbill Euodice malabarica R LC IV 14 30 22 15 7

39 Isabelline Wheatear Oenanthe isabellina M LC IV 1 2 3 0 0

40 Laggar Falcon Falco jugger R NT I 2 2 4 0 0

41 Laughing Dove Spilopelia senegalensis R LC IV 8 12 2 18 0

42 Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca M LC IV 2 0 0 2 0

43 Little Egret Egretta garzetta R LC IV 3 1 0 0 4

44 Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis R LC IV 16 12 0 0 28

45 Little-ringed Plover Charadrius dubius R LC IV 8 4 0 0 12

46 Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus M LC I 1 2 3 0 0

47 Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus M LC I 1 0 0 0 1

48 Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis M LC IV 2 1 0 0 3

49 Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus M LC I 1 2 1 0 2

50 Northern Pintail Anas acuta M, C LC IV 5 14 0 0 19

51 Northern Shoveler Spatula clypeata M, C LC IV 70 48 0 0 118

52 Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus M NT I 1 1 2 0 0

53 Purple Sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus R LC IV 5 8 5 8 0

54 Red collared Dove Streptopelia tranquebarica

R LC IV 1 0 0 1 0

55 Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina M LC IV 2 0 0 0 2

56 Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer R LC IV 8 13 1 19 1


SN


Congregatory

IUCN Status

IWPA, 1972

Schedule


Habitat observed in

Nov Sessio

n

Jan Sessio

n

Grassland Scrubland

Waterbody/ Mudflats

57 Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus R LC IV 16 23 17 13 9

58 River Tern Sterna aurantia R NT IV 4 1 0 0 5

59 Rock Pigeon Columba livia R LC IV 27 43 4 65 1

60 Rosy Starling Pastor roseus M, C LC IV 40 65 66 24 15

61 Ruff Calidris pugnax M, C LC IV 80 95 0 0 175

62 Shikra Accipiter badius R LC I 1 0 0 1 0

63 Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis M EN I 3 2 3 0 2

64 Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax R VU I 2 1 2 0 1

65 Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris M LC IV 1 0 1 0 0

66 Variable Wheatear Oenanthe picata M LC IV 8 13 12 7 2

67 White-eared Bulbul Pycnonotus leucotis R LC IV 20 32 6 44 2

68 White-eyed Buzzard Butastur teesa R LC I 1 0 1 0 0

69 Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola M LC IV 2 1 0 0 3

70 Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava M LC IV 1 0 0 0 1

Note: The species with soaring flight patterns, high flyers and/or relatively large body sizes are highlighted in Orange.

R: Resident, M: Migratory, C: Congregatory, LC: Least Concern, NT: Near Threatened, VU: Vulnerable, EN: Endangered


APPENDIX B AVIFAUNA RECORDED THROUGH DIFFERENT SURVEY METHOS


SN Common Name Scientific Name Number of individuals observed through different survey methods

Vantage Point Waterbody Drive through

1 Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis 5 6 0

2 Asian Woollyneck Ciconia episcopus 0 2 0

3 Bank Myna Acridotheres ginginianus 7 10 2

4 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica 11 68 4

5 Bimaculated Lark Melanocorypha bimaculata 8 0 4

6 Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus 15 4 8

7 Black Stork Ciconia nigra 0 1 0

8 Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa 0 71 10

9 Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus 3 0 8

10 Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus 9 91 6

11 Blue-cheeked Bee-eater Merops persicus 5 1 2

12 Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus 2 0 2

13 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis 12 2 21

14 Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse Pterocles exustus 9 74 4

15 Common Babbler Argya caudata 14 2 4

16 Common Crane Grus grus 55 15 180

17 Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus 1 0 4

18 Common Pochard Aythya ferina 0 256 14

19 Common Redshank Tringa totanus 45 144 11




20 Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos 6 50 2

21 Common Teal Anas crecca 0 90 0

22 Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti 12 0 11

23 Eastern Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca 0 2 0

24 Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus 0 0 1

25 Eurasian collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto 20 4 67

26 Eurasian Coot Fulica atra 0 118 0

27 Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata 0 1 0

28 Gadwall Mareca strepera 0 80 0

29 Great Egret Ardea alba 0 3 0

30 Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus 3 103 9

31 Greater short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla 185 0 35

32 Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis 21 3 32

33 Grey Francolin Francolinus pondicerianus 11 0 17

34 House Crow Corvus splendens 0 0 6

35 House Sparrow Passer domesticus 8 0 27

36 Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii 0 3 2

37 Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis 0 1 5

38 Indian Silverbill Euodice malabarica 19 7 18




39 Isabelline Wheatear Oenanthe isabellina 3 0 0

40 Laggar Falcon Falco jugger 2 0 2

41 Laughing Dove Spilopelia senegalensis 6 0 14

42 Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca 2 0 0

43 Little Egret Egretta garzetta 0 3 1

44 Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis 0 28 0

45 Little-ringed Plover Charadrius dubius 0 8 4

46 Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus 2 0 1

47 Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus 1 0 0

48 Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis 0 3 0

49 Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus 1 0 1

50 Northern Pintail Anas acuta 0 19 0

51 Northern Shoveler Spatula clypeata 0 118 0

52 Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus 2 0 0

53 Purple Sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus 4 0 9

54 Red collared Dove Streptopelia tranquebarica 0 0 1

55 Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina 0 2 0

56 Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer 6 1 14

57 Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus 8 5 26




58 River Tern Sterna aurantia 0 5 0

59 Rock Pigeon Columba livia 11 1 58

60 Rosy Starling Pastor roseus 19 15 71

61 Ruff Calidris pugnax 0 166 9

62 Shikra Accipiter badius 0 0 1

63 Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis 0 2 1

64 Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax 2 1 0

65 Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris 1 0 0

66 Variable Wheatear Oenanthe picata 13 2 6

67 White-eared Bulbul Pycnonotus leucotis 12 2 38

68 White-eyed Buzzard Butastur teesa 1 0 0

69 Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola 0 3 0

70 Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava 0 1 0

Total 582 1597 773

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