Independence Movement of India

8/11/2019 Independence Movement of India

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INDIAS STRUGGLE FOR FRE

How India became free on

August 15, 1947

by


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by

MAP OF THE WORLD

Where on earth is India?


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WHY DO WE CARE

Free India, as the worlds largest democr

plays an important role in the world Free India provided opportunities for you/

parents/grandparents to come abroad

Otherwise, you would probably be living iunder British colonial rule, not here in the

You owe a lot to people who sacrificed th

in the past so you could live free today


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Legends Of Indian Freedom

Gandhiji

Subhash Chandra Bose

Jawaharlal Nehru


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HOMAGE TO PEOPLE BEH

INDIAS FREEDOM

Early Freedom Fighters, such as:

Mangal Pandey in 1857 Sepoy Mutiny

Lakshmi Bai, Rani of Jhansi in 1858

Prominent Leaders, such as:

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

Jawarhalal Nehru

Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose

Many ordinary Indians, who sacrificed thed ld li f d


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HOMAGE TO PEOPLE BEH

INDIAS FREEDOM

Early Freedom Fighters, such as:

Mangal Pandey in 1857 Sepoy MutinyLakshmi Bai, Rani of Jhansi in 1858

Prominent Leaders, such as:

Mohandas Karamchand GandhiJawarhalal Nehru

Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose

Many extraordinary Indians, who sacrifitheir lives and careers so we could live fr


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STRUGGLE UNDER TWO PERIOD

BRITISH RULE

British East India Company: 1757-1858 Battle of Plassey: 6/23/1757, Palashi, West Ben

miles north of Kolkata. British, under Robert Cliv

Siraj-Ud-Daulah, Nawab of Bengal. Vastly outnu

British bribed deposed army chief Mir Jafar who

the Nawab by not allowing his troops to fight

Isolated resistance to British rule: 1757-1857

Sepoy Mutiny, 1857: started by Mangal Pandey

Last big battle, 1858: Lakshmi Bai, Rani of Jhan

British Government: 1858-1947 Queen Victoria Empress of India 1876 1901


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STRUGGLE UNDER BRITISH RU

1858-1947

Inspiration for Freedom: Swami Vivekananda, Sri AurobinBankim Chandra Chatterjee, Rabindra Nath Tagore, Dada

Naoroji, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala LajChitta Ranjan Das, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Raja Ram MRoy, Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan, Bhagat Singh, Bagha JatinKhudiram Bose, Surya Sen, Benoy-Badal-Dinesh Format

Formation of Indian National Congress, 1885

Outrage at Viceroy Curzons order to partition Bengal, 190 Formation of Muslim League, 1906: Jinnah left INC & join

after disagreements with Gandhi; called for division of Ind

Emperor George Vs visit to India, 1911, announcing reveBengal partition and transferring the capital from Kolkata t

Delhi World War I, 1914-1918: India helped Englands war effor


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STRUGGLE UNDER BRITISH RU

1858-1947 (continued)

Rowlatt Act: Jallianwala Bagh Massacre 4/13/1919, soldiethousands of unarmed men, women and children, killing a

wounding many Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi: work in S. Africa, work in

1915-1948, Satyagraha (devotion to truth)(non-violent civdisobedience for freedom), 241-mile Salt March in 24 daysalt tax 1930, Quit India call in 1932, numerous prison terprotest fasts, assassinated on 1/30/1948.

Jawarhalal Nehru: president of INCs Lahore session 192resolution for complete independence from Britain

World War II: 1939-1945, Indias entry by Britain despite p

Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: INC president 1937, 1939,Movement, house arrest, escape 1/7/1941, help from abro


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GANDHIJIS SALT MARC


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INDIAN NATIONAL ARMY


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Heroes of I ndia

Gandhijis life was dedicated to the ideals of

Truth, Non-violence and Love. 'The Bhagavad Gita is

my mother,' he once said;and the name of Sri Rama

was his shield. He was the architect of India's freedomand one of the greatest men of this century.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak(29th Couplet)

Described by British as "The Father of Indian Unrest "

Tilak was born on 23.07.1856. His slogan, "Swaraj (Self

Rule) is my birthright", inspired millions of Indians. His

book "Geetarahasya"a classic treatise on Geeta in

Marathi was written by him, in prison at Mandalay.Great

journalist- editor, an authority on Vedas, SanskritScholar, mathematician and a natural leader of India.

Died 01.08.1920 "Swaraj is our birthright,"

thundered Tilak, the Lion of India.He founded schools

and published newspapers, all for his motherland.

countrymen.


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Bhagat Singh : He is the symbol of the heroism of the

youth of India. A revolutionary He threw a bomb when

the Legislature was in session to warn the British

Government. He was put to death but lives in the hearts

of his countrymen.

Ramaprasad Bismil:A brave revolutionary who gave

up his life smilingly for the sake of the Motherland. He

was persecuted by an enraged foreign government,hunted by the police and betrayed by follow workers.

And yet he lit the fire of revolution to burn down the

slavery.He was the brave leader of the Kakori Rail

Dacoity episode. His poetry is also a lamp lighted at thealtar of the Mother land.

Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of

Independent India and architect of India's foreign policy,

grew from a anglicized child into a dedicated nationalist

par excellence.


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Rabindranath Tagore was born into a

distinguished Bengali family in

Calcutta, West Bengal on 1861.In 1901

he founded the famous Shantiniketannear Calcutta. This was designed to

provide a traditional ashram and

Western education. He began with 5

pupils and 5 teachers (three of whomwere Christian). His ideals were

simplicity of living and the cultivation

of beauty.

Lala Lajpat Rai :A great national leader

who came to be called the 'Lion of

Punjab.' Worked tire- lessly to improve

education, to promote unity among

Hindus and to reform society.


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Madan Mohana Malaviya :The founder of Benares

Hindu University. His boyhood was spent in utter

poverty. By his scholarship, pure life and selflessness he

won such respect that he collected more than thirteenmillion rupees for the University. He was the tireless

exponent of the greatness of India and her culture.

Raja Rammohan Roy has come to be called the Maker of

Modern India. Without giving up what was good and

noble in the past, he laid the foundations for a great future.

He put an end to the horrible custom of burning the living

wife with the dead husband. He was a great scholar and an

independent thinker. He advocated the study of English,Science, Western Medicine and Technology. He spent his

money on a college to promote these studies.


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Dr.M.VISVESVARAYA :One of the makers of modern

India. 'MV' was a genius. Perfectly honest and devoted to

his work, he set new standards of efficiency. This is the

story of a poor boy that became the Grand Old Man ofIndia.

Dr.C.V. Raman: The genius who won the Nobel Prize for

Physics, with simple equipment barely worth RS. 300. Hewas the first Asian scientist to win the Nobel Prize. He was

a man of boundless curiosity and a lively sense of humor.

His spirit of inquiry and devotion to science laid the

foundations for scientific research in India. And he won

honor as a scientist and affection as a teacher and a man.


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Jhansi Lakshmi Bhai: The great heroine of the First war of

India Freedom. She lived for only twenty-two years. She

became a widow in her eighteenth year. Jhansi, of which she

was the queen, was in the grip of the cunning, cruel British.She was the embodiment of patriotism, self-respect and

heroism. She was the queen of a small state, but the empress

of a limitless empire of glory.

Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) was the only child of

Kamla and Jawaharlal Nehru. Mrs.. Indira Gandhi was

the Prime Minister of India from1966-77 and 1980-

84. Mrs.. Gandhi acquired a formidable international

reputation as a "statesman", and there is no doubt thatshe was extraordinarily skilled in politics. She was

prone, like many other politicians, to thrive on

slogans, and one -- Garibi Hatao, "Remove Poverty" -

- became the rallying cry for one of her electioncampaigns.


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(EXTRA)ORDINARY FREED

FIGHTERS Freedom fighters suffered and sacrificed

Examples I know: My parents both suffered jail t One of many incidents:

Defying police ban, my father started to deliver a speemeeting in Midnapore on 3/4/1932, supporting Gandhnon-cooperation

Police beat him severely on the meeting ground and ja

My mother visited him in jail and wept to see the welt mhis back

She was found guilty for this visit and was jailed as we

I.I.T., Kharagpur stands at the location of the Hij


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INDEPENDENCE, 8/15/19 Mountbatten, Indias Governor-General, announ

partition, 6/3/1947 Independent Pakistan, 8/14/1947

Independent India, 8/15/1947

Jawarhalal Nehru, Prime Minister

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Deputy Prime Minister

(Mountbatten 1947-1948), Rajagopalachari, Governor

Violent clashes between Hindus, Muslims and S

Millions of refugeesR bli f I di 1/26/1950


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PARTITION OF INDIA


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TRANSFER OF POWER

8/15/1947


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REFUGEE TRAIN


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MOUNTBATTEN SALUTIN

INDIAN FLAG


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The Voice of Freedom

Jawaharlal Nehru, gave this following speech as India's first Prime

Minister to the Constituent Assembly in New Delhi at midnight on

August 14, 1947. Though this speech is full of ideals andembellishments to inspire a nation, about to make a newbeginning, it is historic and can be recognized as the first voice of

Independent India.

'Awake to freedom' "Long years ago we made a tryst with destiny, and now the time comes

when we shall redeem our pledge, not wholly or in full measure, but very substantially.

At the stroke of midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom.A moment comes which comes but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the

new, then an age ends, and when the soul of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance. Itis fitting that at this solemn moment we take the pledge of dedication to India and herpeople and to the still larger cause of humanity.

At the dawn of history India started on her unending quest, and trackless centuries are filledwith her striving and the grandeur of her successes and her failures. Through good and illfortune alike she has never lost sight of that quest or forgotten the ideals which gave her

strength. We end today a period of ill fortune and India discovers herself again.

The achievement we celebrate today is but a step, an opening of opportunity, to the greater

triumphs and achievements that await us. Are we brave enough and wise enough to grasp

this opportunity and accept the challenge of the future?

Freedom and power bring responsibility. That responsibility rests upon this assembly, asovereign body representing the sovereign people of India. Before the birth of freedom wehave endured all the pains of labour and our hearts are heavy with the memory of this


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Independence Day Celebrations 15 August

An Independence Day is an annual celebration commemorating the anniversary of a nation's

assumption of independent statehood, usually after ceasing to be a colony or part of another

state, more rarely after the end of a military occupation. Most countries honour their respective

independence day as a national holiday and some countries or nations' independence-date

honours are contested.

"Long years ago we made a tryst with destiny, and now the time comes when we will redeem ourpledge, not wholly or in full measure, but very substantially. At the stroke of the midnight hour,

when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom. A moment comes, which comes but

rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new, when an age ends and when the soul

of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance.... We end today a period of ill fortune, and India

discovers herself again."

On 15 August 1947, India attained freedom from the British Rule. Every year, August 15 iscelebrated as the IndependenceDay in India. This national festival is celebrated with great

enthusiasm all over the country.

The Independence Day of any country is a moment of pride and glory. On this special occasion,

rich tributes are paid to the freedom fighters who sacrificed their lives and fought to free their

motherland from the clutches of the oppressors - British who ruled the country.

The British had initially come for trade but gradually took over the total administration of the


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