Improvement for High and Stable Yield and improved End-use ...€¦ · Terbol -Fav Test Environments Long Term Average Rainfall (mm) Moisture Gradient for Germplasm Selection 7.5T

Bread Wheat Germplasm Improvement for High and Stable

Yield and improved End-use Quality in Central and West Asia

and North Africa

Osman Abdalla and Francis Ogbonnaya

ICARDA-CIMMYT Wheat Improvement Program (ICWIP)Biodiversity and Integrated Gene Management (BIGM) Program

International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)

Wheat Production in CWANA

Wheat is the main staple food in CWANA Region Wheat consumption in CWANA is about 185 kg/capita/yearAbout 50 million hectares in CWANA

Goal of Wheat Improvement

Sustainable improvement in spring wheat productivity, yield stability and end-use quality in Central and West Asia and North Africa (CWANA) Region.

Target Environments

• Spring Bread Wheat improvement targets all wheat growing areas in CWANA with focus on:

Semiarid (Mediterranean Rainfed) environmentsFavorable irrigated environments including Heat-Stress low latitudes areas of CWANA

Targeted Environments and Major Stresses

Abiotic Constraints

Drought

Terminal Heat

Biotic ConstraintsLeaf rust

Stem rust

Septoria L. B

Hessian fly

Sawfly

RWA

(A) CWANA Temperate Dryland Areas:

Example: North Africa : Settat - Morocco; Sidi Bel-Abbas - Algeria

Targeted Nurseries:CWANA Dryland SBW Screening NurseryCWANA Dryland SBW YT –Low Rainfall Temperate Areas

Targeted Environments and Major Stresses

Abiotic Constraints

Drought

Cold

Terminal Heat

Biotic ConstraintsYellow rust

Bunts

Sawfly

RWA

(B) CWANA Continental Dryland Areas:

Example: North Africa : Setif- Algeria; West Asia: T. Hadya (Syria)

Targeted Nurseries:CWANA Dryland SBW Screening NurseryCWANA Dryland SBW YT –Low Rainfall Continental Areas

Targeted Environments and Major Stresses

Abiotic Constraints:

Water Use-Efficiency

High temperature

Salinity

Biotic Constraints:

Yellow Rust

Leaf Rust

Stem Rust

Aphids

(C) CWANA Low Latitude Areas:

Targeted Environments and Major Stresses

Example: Southern Iran; Upper Egypt; Sudan

Targeted Nurseries:CWANA Low Latitudes SBW Screening NurseryCWANA Low Latitudes Irrigated Areas SBWYT

Germplasm Improvement for Drought Stress

and Water Productivity

Wheat Production in CWANA

Semiarid (Mediterranean Rainfed) Spring WheatEnvironment (Approximately 11.0 million hectares)

Characterized by highly variable spatial and temporal drought stress

Targeted germplasm combine moisture stresstolerance, water-use efficiency and yield stability

Mean Rainfall Relative to LTA at T. Hadya, Syria, during 1998/99 to 2004/05 Seasons

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/ 04

SEASONS

Mea

n R

ainf

all %

of L

ong

Term

Ave

rage

1998/9 1999/00 2004/5

Rainfall Distribution at T. Haya during 2002-03 to 2004-05 Seasons

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Sep Oct Novr Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul

Month

Prec

ipita

tion

(l m

m)

2002/ 03 2003/ 04 2004/05 Long term

334

600

384450

254

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Breda-N-RF T. Hadya-N-RF

T. Hadya-N-RF+1SI

T. Hadya-E-RF+2SI

Terbol -Fav

Test Environments

Long

Ter

m A

vera

ge R

ainf

all (

mm

)Moisture Gradient for Germplasm Selection

7.5T

6.0T

4.5T

2.0T3.5T

AWYT2-LR-04: Perform ance of 24 Genotypes under Moisture Extrem es

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Yield under Moisture Stress (280 m m )

Yiel

d un

der N

o M

oist

ure

Stre

ss (4

41 m

m)

524

504

522523

509

515

505508

506 510511

512

519 517516

503

518507

520 502

513

514501

521

Mean = 1562 kg/ha

Mea

n =

6279

kg/

ha

(A) (B)

(C)

(D)

Germplasm Improvement for Heat Tolerance

Targeted CWANA Low Latitude Areas (11 to 30 N)

Germplasm for CWANA Low Latitude Areas

Characteristics of Germplasm adapted to Low Latitude Areas of CWANA:

•High Yield Potential

•Water-use Efficiency

•Heat Tolerance

•Multiple Disease Resistance

•Good End-use Quality

Combating Stem Rust Race Ug99

Shuttle Breeding:

Shuttle breeding program between ICARDA-Syria and Debre Zeit and Kulumsa Research Centers in Ethiopia has been established to:

Screen SBW germplasm for Stem Rust (Ug99) resistance.

Serve as early warning for in-coming new virulent races.

SR Reaction of New Source of Resistance Under Stem Rust Pressure in Njoro–Kenya-07

90S100S50S1308AWYT-MR 07PBW343 (CHECK)

80S60S30S1124AWYT-MR 07ATTILA-7 = Qubsa (CHECK)

90S90SMS40S701AWYT-LR 07CHAM-6 (CHECK)

20MR15M10MR1512AWYT-MR 07DAHAB"S"20M15MR20MR1423AWYT-MR 07SAAMID"S"20M10MS20MSS1410AWYT-MR 07LOULOU"S"20M5MS10MRR1306AWYT-MR 07FARIS"S"

40SMS20MS30MR722AWYT-LR 07WAEID"S"40SMS30MR20MR1107AWYT-MR 07QAMAR"S"40SMS30MS20MR517AWYT-LR 07NEJMAH"S"

7.10.0729.9.079.21.07Var No.SourceName

Sr Score Njoro-Ken

Yield Performance of Ug99 Resistant Lines Under Moderate and High Moisture–Stress

Environments

1012288722AWYT-LR-07WAEID"S"1102532810AWYT-LR-07NAYZAK11323871012AWYT-LR-07ZOOMOROD"S"

1132868914AWYT-LR-07LOULOU"S"YLD % BABAGA-3YLD (Kg/Ha)

10241011405AWYT-MR-07LOULOU"S"10142691107AWYT-MR-07QAMAR "S"10544151109AWYT-MR-07QAMAR "S"12753471105AWYT-MR-07QAMAR "S"

YLD % PBW343YLD (Kg/Ha)Source No.SourceName

Frequency of SBW Lines with Adequate Resistance based on Ug99 Screening of 249 Elite Lines at Njoro-Kenya -2007

8.020Entries with Breeding Value

6.015Entries with Potential for Release

1435TOTAL8.020MR–MS ( 40% Severity)

3.69MR ( 30 % Severity)

2.05R–MR (15 – 20% Severity)

0.401R ( 5 – 10% Severity)

%No. of Entries%Resistance Category

NEW Germplasm Relevant to Australia Preemptive/Anticipatory Breeding

•Germplasm to mitigate Climate Change (drought and heat stress)

•Germplasm to combat transboundary disease and Pests (e.g HF, RWA)

Enhancing collaboration with Australia

Exchange Visits to ICARDA and ICARDA collaborating NARS

Joint Fund raising

Joint Training & workshops

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Thank you