IF YOU MISSED THIS CLASS, YOU NEED TO:

IF YOU MISSED THIS CLASS, YOU NEED TO:

1)  ANSWER THE DQ IN YOUR NOTEBOOK.

2) YOU ARE TO FILL OUT THE NOTES PAGE USING THE NOTES PROVIDED (I GET MY COPY BACK).

What did the 16th and 17th amendments do?What did the 16th and 17th amendments do?

Daily Quote &Question (DQ )

"The world must be made safe for democracy."

-Woodrow Wilson

2 2

AP MONEY & FORMS DUE Feb 10--$87. Get a paper from the front

for instructions.

SONG FOR THE DAY: OVER THERE!

"The world must be made safe for democracy."

-Woodrow Wilson

"The world must be made safe for democracy."

-Woodrow Wilson

SONG FOR THE DAY: OVER THERE

Daily Comment & Card

LUSITANIA AND

NEUTRALITY

-At the beginning of World War I, Germany began using submarines and started a blockade of the Allies-The British passenger liner The Lusitania was attacked by German submarines (it was unarmed but carrying munitions for the Allies)-Wilson protested but remained neutral-The Germans pledged to stop after the sinking of the Sussex

1915

"The world must be made safe for democracy."

-Woodrow Wilson

"The world must be made safe for democracy."

-Woodrow Wilson

SONG FOR THE DAY: OVER THERE

Daily Comment & Card

ZIMMERMANTELEGRAM

-Telegram from German Foreign Secretary Zimmerman to German minister in Mexico-It was intercepted by the British-It proposed that Mexico attack the U.S. if America entered the War (WWI)-It promised Mexico the return of territories lost –Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona-When made public, it ensured American support for the war against Germany

1917

"The world must be made safe for democracy."

-Woodrow Wilson

"The world must be made safe for democracy."

-Woodrow Wilson

SONG FOR THE DAY: OVER THERE

Daily Comment & Card

ZIMMERMANTELEGRAM

-Telegram from German Foreign Secretary Zimmerman to German minister in Mexico-It was intercepted by the British-It proposed that Mexico attack the U.S. if America entered the War (WWI)-It promised Mexico the return of territories lost –Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona-When made public, it ensured American support for the war against Germany

1917

LUSITANIA AND

NEUTRALITY

-At the beginning of World War I, Germany began using submarines and started a blockade of the Allies-The British passenger liner The Lusitania was attacked by German submarines (it was unarmed but carrying munitions for the Allies)-Wilson protested but remained neutral-The Germans pledged to stop after the sinking of the Sussex

1915

CHANGES PEOPLE’S LIVES…A. HOW WE GOT INVOLVED

B. NOT EVERYONE AGREED

C. FREEDOM OF SPEECH?

D. SOCIETY CHANGES

E. DON’T BE GERMAN!

F. TROOPS IN EUROPE

G. THE RED SCARE

-ALTHOUGH THE GREAT WAR BEGAN IN 1914, THE U.S. DID NOT ENTER UNTIL 1917.

-DESCRIBED AS A “WAR TO END ALL WARS,” IT SET THE STAGE FOR ANOTHER WAR.

1/31

THE WAR BEGAN IN EUROPE WITH THE ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND (HEIR TO THE THRONE OF AUSTRIA-HUNGARY) IN SARAJEVO (BOSNIA). IT QUICKLY SPREAD THROUGHOUT EUROPE…

JUNE 28, 19142/31

ALLIES CENTRAL POWERSSLAVS

BELGIUM

GREAT BRITAIN

FRANCE

ITALY (1915)

JAPAN

NORTH AFRICA (MOST)

PORTUGAL

ROMANIA

RUSSIA

U.S. (1917)

SERBIA

GERMANY

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

BULGARIA

OTTOMAN EMPIRE (TURKEY)

AND ASSOCIATED POWERS

3/31

CAUSES OF THE GREAT WAR

1. NATIONALISM (EXAGGERATED PATRIOTISM)

2. IMPERIALISM (COLONIZATION/ EMPIRE BUILDING)

3. MILITARISM (BUILD UP OF ARMIES/ WEAPONS)

4. ANARCHISM--ANARCHY (LACK OF INTERNATIONAL CONTROL TO PREVENT ARMED

CONFLICT)

5. ALLIANCISM-ALLIANCE SYSTEM (SECRET TREATIES LEAD TO CHAIN REACTION)AUSTRIA-HUNGARY RETALIATES…

COUNTRIES ENTER WAR BECAUSE OF ALLANCES… RUSSIA AIDS SERBIA. GERMANY DECLARES WAR ON RUSSIA. FRANCE DECLARES WAR ON GERMANY. GERMANY ATTACKS BELGIUM. ENGLAND COMES TO AID BELGIUM. AND SO ON…

4/31

WHAT GOT THE U.S. INTO THE GREAT WAR?

1. Money (LOANED ALLIES 2 Billion/ GERMANY 20mil)

2. Public Opinion (family heritage & British propaganda)*

3. Lusitania*

4. Russian Revolution (means they will not be our ally)*

5. Zimmerman Telegram*5/31

SOME AMERICANS JOINED THE WAR EFFORT BEFORE AMERICA

DID…

ERNEST HEMINGWAY BECAME A MEMBER OF AN AMBULANCE UNIT.

THEY JOINED EUROPEAN UNITS LIKE THE FRENCH

FOREIGN LEGION (LAFAYETTE

ESCADRILLE) OR THE BRITISH AIRFORCE.

6/31

WHAT GOT THE U.S. INTO THE GREAT WAR?

1. Money (LOANED ALLIES 2 Billion/ GERMANY 20mil)

2. Public Opinion (family heritage & British propaganda)*

3. Lusitania*

4. Russian Revolution (means they will not be our ally)*

5. Zimmerman Telegram*7/31

AMERICAN NEUTRALITY AT SEA WAS CHALLENGED BY BOTH SIDES OF THE WAR!

1. BRITISH

-SET UP A BLOCKADE OF GERMANY-SEARCHED FOR CONTRABAND

2. GERMANY

-UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE

-BLOCKADE ENGLAND

-NO SAFETY FOR NEUTRAL SHIPS

-NO TRADITIONAL RULES OF WAR!8/31

9/31

WHEN MORE THAN 100 AMERICANS DIED ON THE BRITISH PASSENGER

SHIP THE LUSITANIA ON MAY 7, 1915, THE U.S. WAS OUTRAGED…

-SUNK BY U-BOAT -SINKS IN 20 MINUTES -EVIDENCE OF CONTRABAND -ONE BOILER SHUT OFF (SLOWER) -NO ESCORT SHIP

10/31

THE DEATH TOTAL REACHED ALMOST 1200

WHAT GOT THE U.S. INTO THE GREAT WAR?

1. Money (LOANED ALLIES 2 Billion/ GERMANY 20mil)

2. Public Opinion (family heritage & British propaganda)

3. Lusitania*

4. Russian Revolution (means they will not be our ally)*

5. Zimmerman Telegram*11/31

MEANWHILE BACK IN RUSSIA…

CZAR NICHOLAS AND HIS FAMILY

WERE EXECUTED…NEW GOV’T, THEN

BOLSHEVIKS (FIRST COMMUNISTS) TAKE

OVER…

RUSSIA WITHDREW FROM THE WAR, AND THE U.S. INVADED TO KEEP GERMANY FROM GETTING THEIR HANDS

ON WEAPONS!

12/31

WHAT GOT THE U.S. INTO THE GREAT WAR?

1. Money (LOANED ALLIES 2 Billion/ GERMANY 20mil)

2. Public Opinion (family heritage & British propaganda)

3. Lusitania*

4. Russian Revolution (means they will not be our ally)*

5. Zimmerman Telegram*13/31

THEN WE FOUND OUT ABOUT THE ZIMMERMAN TELEGRAM… SECRET OFFER TO MEXICO BY GERMANY (INTERCEPTED BY BRITISH) PROMISING TO RETURN ALL LAND LOST TO U.S. IF THEY HELP!

(TEXAS, NEW MEXICO, ARIZONA…)14/31

WILSON ASKED FOR A DECLARATION OF WAR APRIL 2, 1917 (AFTER HE GOT RE-ELECTED WITH THE SLOGAN “HE KEPT US OUT OF WAR”)…

A few dissenting votes:

Jeanette Rankin

Robert LaFollette

SUBMARINE WARFARE IS “WARFARE AGAINST MANKIND”… THE “WORLD MUST BE MADE SAFE FOR DEMOCRACY.”

15/31SECRETARY OF STATE WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN RESIGNED

SPEAKING OUT AGAINST THE WAR WAS ILLEGAL:

ESPIONAGE ACT 1917

SEDITION ACT 1918

(NO INCITING REBELLION-20 YRS)

(NO “DISLOYAL” OR ABUSIVE SPEECH)

2,000 SEE PRISON TIME, INCLUDING EUGENE V. DEBS WHO GOT 10 YEARS…

SCHENCK V. U.S. SUPREME COURT SAID THIS TYPE OF BEHAVIOR CONSTITUTED

A “CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER” DURING WAR.

War information was released through George Creel’s “Committee on Public Information”.

16/31

MAIL WAS EVEN

CENSORED!!

CHANGES AT HOME:

1. 1917-SELECTIVE SERVICE ACT (THE NATIONAL DEFENCE ACT STARTED ROTC) AGES 21 TO 30 WERE FORCED TO REGISTER. 24.2 MILLION REGISTERED, 2.8 MILLION WERE INDUCTED

2. JOB OPENINGS FOR WOMEN, MINORITIES (LEADS TO 19TH AMENDMENT)

3. MIGRATION FROM MEXICO TO SOUTHERN U.S. AFRICAN-AMERICANS TO NORTH (400,000 AFRICAN-AMERICANS IN WAR)17/31

THERE WAS AN ANTI-GERMAN HYSTERIA:

NO SPEAKING GERMAN

RENAME ALL GERMAN THINGS

SAUER KRAUT (LIBERTY CABBAGE)

GERMAN MEASLES (LIBERTY MEASLES)

PEOPLE EVEN CHANGED THEIR NAMES

NO LISTENING TO GERMAN MUSIC (INCLUDING CLASSICAL COMPOSERS)

18/31

AMERICAN TROOPS IN EUROPE WERE KNOWN AS THE AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE (AEF) AND FOUGHT UNDER GENERAL PERSHING…

49,000 DIED FROM WOUNDS THE REST OF THE 112,432 DIED FROM DISEASE OR A

FLU EPIDEMIC THAT RAVAGED THE TROOPS…

19/31

1st TIME--WOMEN COULD BE IN FIELDS OTHER THAN NURSING. THOUSANDS WORKED AS CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES. 10,000

SERVED IN THE NAVY AS “YOEMANETTES” AND 300 AS “MARINETTES.”

20/31

NEW TECHNOLOGY SUCH AS POISONOUS GASES (MUSTARD

GAS), FIGHTER PLANES, MACHINE GUNS, GRENADES, AND TANKS MADE THIS WAR ONE OF THE BLOODIEST AND

MOST DESTRUCTIVE EVER SEEN…

21/31

WE HAD >20 ACES

(PILOTS WITH 5 KILLS)

-TRAVELED 70 TO 130 MILES PER HOUR

-EXPOSED COCKPITS (SOME DRANK WHISKEY TO KEEP WARM)

-PILOTS SAT ON TOP OF THE GASOLINE TANK.

-MOST 19-25 AND ONLY LIVED ABOUT 3 WEEKS.

AS THE WAR BEGAN, UNARMED PLANES WERE USED FOR SPYING. SOON, EACH

SIDE ATTATCHED MACHINE GUNS IN FRONT OF THE PILOT. A DUTCH

ENGINEER FIGURED OUT HOW TO STOP THE FIRING WHEN THE PROPELLOR

MOVED IN FRONT OF THE GUN.

22/31

…we’ve lost a lot of good men. It’s only a question of time until we all get it. I’m all shot to pieces. I only hope I can stick it. I don’t want to quit. My nerves are all gone and I can’t stop. I’ve lived beyond my time already…Here I am, twenty-four years old, I look forty and feel ninety. I’ve lost all interest in life beyond the next patrol. No Hun will ever get me and I’ll never fall into a trap, but sooner or later I’ll be forced to fight against odds that are too long or perhaps a stray shot from the ground will be lucky and I will have gone in vain. Or my motor will cut out when we are trench strafing or a wing will pull off in a dive…It gives me a dizzy feeling every time I hear of the men that are gone. And they have gone so fast I can’t keep track of them; every time two pilots meet it is only to swap news of who’s killed. When a person takes sick, lingers in bed a few days, dies and is buried on the third day, it all seems regular and they pass on into the great beyond in an orderly manner and you accept their departure as an accomplished fact. But when you lunch with a man, talk to him, see him go out and get in his plane in the prime of his youth and the next day someone tells you that he is dead—it just doesn’t sink in and you can’t believe it. And the oftener it happens the harder it is to believe. I’ve lost over a hundred friends, so they tell me… but to me they aren’t dead yet. They are just around the corner, I think, and I’m still expecting to run into them any time. I dream about them at night when I do sleep a little. John McGavock Grider

23/31

MUCH OF THE WAR WAS FOUGHT IN TRENCHES—LONG NARROW DITCHES DUG BY SOLDIERS TO HIDE IN…

THEY ZIGZAGGED ALL OVER THE WESTERN FRONT, A 450 MILE LONG BATTLE LINE DIVIDING THE TWO SIDES.

24/31

The last major offensive of the war, the Meuse-Argonne began in September and ended in November 1918. The heaviest fighting occurred in the Argonne Forrest where 10% (120,000) of all U.S. troops died due to tough terrain, heavy machine gun fire, and inadequate training.

25/31

THE BIG FOUR

GEORGES CLEMENCEAU (FRANCE)

DAVID LLOYD GEORGE (BRITAIN)

VITTORIO ORLANDO (ITALY)

WOODROW WILSON (U.S.)

26/31

“I teched off the sixth man first; then the fifth; then the fourth; then the third; and so on. That's the way we shoot wild turkeys at home. You see we don't want the front ones to know that we're getting the back ones, and then they keep on coming until we get them all. I knowed, too, that if the front ones wavered, or if I stopped them the rear ones would drop down and pump a volley into me and get me.”

Alvin York was the most decorated American soldier in WWI. He was awarded the Medal of Honor for leading an attack on a German machine gun nest, taking 32 machine guns, killing 28 German soldiers and capturing 132 others. This action occurred during the Muse-Argonne Offensive in France. He began the war as a conscientious objector.

WILSON’S 14 POINTS WERE PART OF HIS PLAN FOR “PEACE WITHOUT VICTORY”…

INCLUDING…

-FREEDOM OF THE SEAS

-ABOLISH SECRET TREATIES

-REDUCTION OF ARMS

-REMOVAL OF ECONOMIC BARRIERS

-LEAGUE OF NATIONS

27/31

RESULTS OF THE GREAT WAR

1. GERMANY GIVES UP TERRITORY (Alsace-Lorraine to FR; Colonies go to Allies)

2. THE SIZE OF THE GERMAN ARMY REDUCED. NO SUBMARINES, NO PLANES

3. GERMANY HAD TO PAY REPAIRATIONS OF $33 MILLION (Originally scheduled for 56.5 billion)

4. LEAGUE OF NATIONS FORMED

(UNDER THE VERSAILLES TREATY)

HISTORIANS BELIEVE THAT THE LOSS OF PRIDE AND ECONOMIC HARDSHIPS LED TO THE RISE OF HITLER…

Germany said couldn’t do everything required, but forced to sign…

28/31

5. COMMUNIST (RED) scare in America

THE U.S. NEVER

JOINED THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS BECAUSE

WILSON HAD A STROKE

AND HENRY CABOT

LODGE LED THE

OPPOSITION.

29/31

THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS

ESTABLISHED IN 1920 TO SOLVE ANY PROBLEMS AFTER THE WAR…

WHY DID IT FAIL?

1) INCLUDED ALL MAJOR NATIONS BUT THE U.S.

2) REQUIRED UNANIMOUS AGREEMENT

3) NO POWER TO TAX, NO MONEY

4) NO MILITARY TO ENFORCE DECISIONS

5) NO POWER COULDN’T STOP JAPAN FROM INVADING MANCHURIA, ITALY FROM INVADING ETHIOPIA, OR WAR BETWEEN BOLIVIA & PARAGUAY.

30/31

AS THE WAR CAME TO AN END, OUR ANTI-GERMAN HYSTERIA TURNED TO ANTI-COMMUNIST HYSTERIA. AMERICA WENT THROUGH…

ATTORNEY GENERAL A. MITCHELL PALMER APPOINTED J. EDGAR HOOVER

TO OVERSEE INVESTIGATIONS.

NOV 1919 TO JAN 1920—6,000 ARRESTS (MOSTLY FOREIGN BORN, 500

DEPORTED)

AND THE PALMER RAIDS

31/31

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbggEGUaE28