IEEE Distinguished Lecture. IEEE CE Society Webinar. 1 Everything you Wanted to Know about Internet of Things (IoT) IEEE Distinguished Lecture CE Society Webinar, 16 th Nov 2017 (Thu) Dr. Saraju P. Mohanty, Professor University of North Texas, USA. Editor-in-Chief (EiC), IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine Conference Chair, ICCE 2018 Email: [email protected]More Info: http://www.smohanty.org
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IEEE Distinguished Lecture. IEEE CE Society Webinar.
1
Everything you Wanted to Knowabout Internet of Things (IoT)
IEEE Distinguished LectureCE Society Webinar, 16th Nov 2017 (Thu)
Dr. Saraju P. Mohanty, ProfessorUniversity of North Texas, USA.
IEEE Distinguished Lecture. IEEE CE Society Webinar.
2IoT by Prof./Dr. Saraju P. Mohanty
Motivations for IoTSelected Components of IoTSelected Applications of IoTDriving Technologies of IoTChallenges and Research in IoTIoT Design FlowTools and Solutions for IoTRelated Buzzwords of IoTConclusions and Future Directions
Talk - Outline
16 Nov 2017
IEEE Distinguished Lecture. IEEE CE Society Webinar.
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Uncontrolledgrowth of urbanpopulation
Limited naturaland man-maderesources
Human Migration Problem
16 Nov 2017
Source: https://humanitycollege.org
70% of world population will be urban by 2050.
IEEE Distinguished Lecture. IEEE CE Society Webinar.
6IoT by Prof./Dr. Saraju P. Mohanty
Smart Cities: Foreffective managementof limited resource toserve largest possiblepopulation to improve:– Livability– Workability– Sustainability
Urgent Push for Smart Cities
July 2016
16 Nov 2017
IEEE Distinguished Lecture. IEEE CE Society Webinar.
“The global market of IoT basedconnected cars is expected toreach $46 Billion by 2020.”
Source: Datta 2017, CE Magazine Oct 2017
IoT Role Includes: Traffic managementReal-time vehicle tracking Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication Scheduling of train, aircraft Automatic payment/ticket system Automatic toll collection
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IoT in Smart Energy
Internet of EnergySource: Mohanty 2016, CE Magazine July 2016
IoT Role Includes: Management of energy usagePower generation dispatch for
solar, wind, etc.Better fault-tolerance of the gridServices for plug-in electric
vehicles (PEV)Enhancing consumer
relationships
Smart Generation
Smart Grid
Smart Storage
Smart Consumption
Quality, sustainable,uninterruptedenergy with minimalcarbon footprint.
16 Nov 2017
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Visible Light Communications (VLC)
16 Nov 2017
Source: Ribeiro 2017, CE Magazine October 2017
Characteristic LiFi WiFiBandwidth Huge LimitedRequires Line of Sight Yes NoEMI + Hazard Concerns Low HighSusceptibility to Eavesdropping
Low High
Range Short MediumData Density High Limited
LEDs can switch their lightintensity at a rate that isimperceptible to human eye.
This property can be usedfor the value added servicesbased on Visible LightCommunication (VLC).
Source: VLCS-2014
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Why BPG compression instead of JPEG?Attributes that differentiate BPG from JPEGand make it an excellent choice include: Meeting modern display requirements: high
quality and lower size. BPG compression is based on the High
Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), which isconsidered a major advance incompression techniques.
Supported by most web browsers with asmall Javascript decoder.
Media Compression - Better Portable Graphics (BPG)
16 Nov 2017
Source: Mohanty 2016, IEEE Access 2016
JPEG Compression
BPG Compression
IEEE Distinguished Lecture. IEEE CE Society Webinar.
Application 1: Integrate into assistiveglasses for visually impaired peoplefor navigating through complexenvironments, even without the needfor a WiFi connection.
Application 2: Neuromorphic-based,solar-powered “sensor leaves” equippedwith sensors for sight, smell or soundcan help to monitor natural disasters.
IEEE Distinguished Lecture. IEEE CE Society Webinar.
“Currently, people interact with their devices by thumb-typing on theirphones. A high-bandwidth interface to the brain would help achieve asymbiosis between human and machine intelligence and could makehumans more useful in an AI-driven world.”
-- Neuralink - neurotechnology company - Elon Musk.
Brain-Computer Interface Allows paralysis patients to Type FasterSource: http://brainpedia.org/what-is-brain-computer-interface-bci/
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The Blockchain
16 Nov 2017
Source: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/securing-internet-things-iot-blockchain-ahmed-banafaStay Tuned to: Mohanty 2018, CE Magazine March 2018
Think of it as cloud based peer to peer ledger. A Blockchain is a cloud based database shared by every participant in a system. The Blockchain contains the complete transaction or other record keeping.
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Challenges and Research
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IoT – Multidiscipline Research
16 Nov 2017
Source: Sethi 2017, JECE 2017
IEEE Distinguished Lecture. IEEE CE Society Webinar.
The operations cost is thatrequired to maintain the IoT.A small operations cost will makeit easier to operate in the longrun with minimal burden on thebudget of application in which IoTis deployed.
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Connected cars require latency of ms tocommunicate and avoid impending crash.– Faster connection– Low latency– Lower power
5G for connected world: This enables alldevices to be connected seamlessly.How about 5G, WiFi working together moreeffectively?
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Huge Amount of Data
16 Nov 2017
Estimated Data Generated per Day:2.5 quintillion bytes
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Bigdata in IoT and Smart Cities
16 Nov 2017
Source: M. Elbeheiry, “Internet of Things (IoT) Architecture”, Article, March 12, 2017.
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IoT Security - Attacks and Countermeasures
16 Nov 2017
Source: Nia 2017,IEEE TETC 2017C- Confidentiality, I – Integrity, A - Availability, AC – Accountability, AU –Auditability, TW – Trustworthiness, NR - Non-repudiation, P - Privacy
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs)Denial of Service (DoS)
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Security, Privacy, and Copyright
16 Nov 2017
Hardware
Trojan
July 2017
IEEE Distinguished Lecture. IEEE CE Society Webinar.
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Different Attacks on a Typical CE System
16 Nov 2017
Source: Mohanty 2015, McGraw-Hill 2015
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Malicious Design Modifications Issue
16 Nov 2017
Source: Mohanty 2015, McGraw-Hill 2015
Hardware Trojans
Chip fails to work during critical needs.
Information may bypass giving a non-watermarked or non-encrypted output.
Source: Mitra 2015, IEEE Spectrum Jan 2015
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Trojans Secure Digital Hardware Synthesis
High Level Synthesis
Fitness of Trojan Secured Solution
Design-For-Security (DFS) flow against Trojan resulting into functional changeSource: Sengupta and Mohanty 2017, TCAD April 2017
16 Nov 2017
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Memory Attacks
16 Nov 2017
Snooping Attacks
Source: Mohanty 2013, Springer CSSP Dec 2013
Embedded Processor
Memory
Spoofing Attacks
Splicing Attacks
Replay Attacks
Cold Boot Attacks
Replace a block with fake
Replace a block with a block from another location
Read confidential information in memory
A side channel attack, an attacker has physical access memory to retrieve encryption keys, has to be in seconds-to-minute of power OFF
Attacker remembers the value of a block at a given address at one time, and writes that value at exactly the same address at a different times; Hardest attack.
IEEE Distinguished Lecture. IEEE CE Society Webinar.
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Digital Hardware - Watermark
16 Nov 2017
Source: Mohanty 2017: CE Magazine October 2017
W W W
Integration/ Transformation Scheduling
Allocation(Module and Registers)
BindingDatapath
and Controller
RTL Design
FPGA bitstream
Floorplan Placement Routing Layout Fabrication
W W W W W
Higher abstraction level – Architecture design
Lower abstraction level- Physical design
Mid abstraction level – RTL
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Digital Hardware – Obfuscation
16 Nov 2017
Obfuscation – Intentional modification of the description orthe structure of electronic hardware to concealits functionality for making reverse-engineering difficult.
Source: Sengupta, Mohanty 2017, TCE November 2017
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Physical Unclonable Functions are simpleprimitives for security.PUFs are easy to build and impossible toduplicate (Theoretically).Input and Output are called ChallengeResponse Pair (CRP).
Physical Unclonable Function (PUF)
16 Nov 2017
PUFChallenge (C)(100111….0)
Response (R)(0011101….1)
Only an authentic hardware can produce a correctResponse for a Challenge. Source: Mohanty 2017, Springer ALOG Dec 2017
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PUF - Principle
16 Nov 2017
PUFs don’t store keys in digital memory, rather derive a key basedon the physical characteristics of the hardware; thus secure.
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Software for IoT
16 Nov 2017
Source: Singh 2017, CE Magazine, April 2017
IoTSoftware Domains
Platforms
TembooKaa Carriots
Ubidots
ThingSpeak
Artik Cloud
Pinoccio SmartlivingSamsung ARTIK
LanguagesC/C++JavaHTML5JavascriptPython
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Tools and Solutions
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Traditional controllers and processors do notmeet IoT requirements, such as multiple sensor,communication protocol, and securityrequirements.Existing tools are not enough to meet challengessuch as time-to-market, complexity, cost of IoT.Can a framework be developed for simulation,verification, and optimization:– of individual (multidiscipline) “Things”– of IoT Components– of IoT Architecture
IoT: Design and Simulation Challenges
16 Nov 2017
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IoT Simulators
16 Nov 2017
Sele
cted
IoT
Sim
ulat
ors Bevywise IoT Simulator
CUPCARBON
IoTIFY
Meshify
Node-RED
NetSim
SimpleIoTSimulator
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About– CUPCARBON is a smart city and Internet of Things Wireless
sensor network simulator (SCI-WSN)Objective– Design, Visualize, Debug– Validate distributed algorithms– Create environmental scenariosEnvironments Design of mobility scenarios and the generation of natural events
such as fires and gas as well as the simulation of mobiles such asvehicles and flying objects (e.g. UAVs, insects, etc.).
A discrete event simulation of WSNs which takes into account thescenario designed on the basis of the first environment.
IoT Simulator - CUPCARBON
16 Nov 2017
Source: http://www.cupcarbon.com/
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About:– Node-RED is a flow-based IoT Simulator.– It is a programming tool for wiring together hardware devices,
APIs and online services in new ways.– The light-weight runtime is built on Node.js, taking full advantage
of its event-driven, non-blocking model.Editor:– Browser-based editor.– The flows created in Node-RED are stored using JSON which
can be easily imported and exported for sharing with others.Advantages:– Available for smaller computing devices such as Raspberry Pi.– It takes moments to create cloud applications that combine
services from across the platform.
IoT Simulators - Node-RED
16 Nov 2017
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Related Buzzwords
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Some related Buzzwords
16 Nov 2017
Source: Sangiovanni-Vincentelli 2016, ISC2 2016
Internet of Things (IoT)
Internet of Everything
(IoE)
SmarterPlanet Machine to
Machine(M2M)
The Fog
TrillionSensors
(Tsensors)Industrial Internet of
Things (IIoT)
Industry 4.0(Automation and Data Exchange
in Manufacturing Technology)
Cyber Physical Systems (CPS)
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IoT Vs Sensor NetworksIoT
IoT in a broad sense islike a brain.Store both real world dataand can also be used tomonitor the real worldparameters and givemeaningful interpretation.
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
WSN is like the eyes andears of the IoT.Anetwork of small wirelesselectronic nodes whichconsists of differentsensors.The purpose is to collectdata from the environment.
IoT adds value to data!
Source: Nia 2017, IEEE TETC 2017
IEEE Distinguished Lecture. IEEE CE Society Webinar.
Fog computing and edge computing involvepushing intelligence and processingcapabilities closer to where the data originatesfrom "Things" to reduce communication trafficand improve IoT response.
Fog: Intelligence - LAN, Processing - fog node or IoT gateway.
Edge: Intelligence, Processing, and Communication - Devices like Programmable Automation Controllers (PACs)
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IoT Vs Cyber Physical Systems (CPS)
16 Nov 2017
IoTCPS
Cyber Physical System (CPS)
Source: Mohanty 2016, CE Magazine July 2016
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Conclusions
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IoT has following components: Things, LAN, Cloud,Internet.IoT is backbone of smart cities.Scalability, Cost, Energy-consumption, Security aresome important challenges of IoT.Security, Privacy, and Ownership Rights are criticalfor trustworthy IoT design.Physical Unclonable Functions (PUF) emerging as agood security solution.Coordination among the various researchers anddesign engineers is a challenge as IoT ismultidisciplinary.
Conclusions
16 Nov 2017
IEEE Distinguished Lecture. IEEE CE Society Webinar.
265IoT by Prof./Dr. Saraju P. Mohanty
Energy-Efficient “Thing” design is needed.Security and Privacy of Information needmore research.Security of the CE systems (e.g. UAV, SmartCars) needs research.Safer and efficient battery need research.IoT automatic design tool needs research.Some IoT simulators exist, but more neededfor efficient, accurate, scalable, multi-discipline simulations.
Future Directions
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Thank You !!!Slides Available at: http://www.smohanty.org
Hardwares are the drivers of the civilization, even softwares need them.