IEEE Distinguished Lecture. IEEE CE Society Webinar. 1 Everything you Wanted to Know about Smart Cities IEEE Distinguished Lecture CE Society Webinar, 5 th Oct 2017 (Thu) Dr. Saraju P. Mohanty, Professor University of North Texas, USA. Editor-in-Chief (EiC), IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine Conference Chair, ICCE 2018 Email: [email protected]More Info: http://www.smohanty.org
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IEEE Distinguished Lecture. IEEE CE Society Webinar.
1
Everything you Wanted toKnow about Smart Cities
IEEE Distinguished LectureCE Society Webinar, 5th Oct 2017 (Thu)
Dr. Saraju P. Mohanty, ProfessorUniversity of North Texas, USA.
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Smarty City DriversSmarty City ComponentsSmarty City TechnologiesDesign and Operation of Smarty CitiesChallenges and Research on Smarty CitiesTools and Solutions for Smarty CitiesInitiatives on Smarty CitiesStandards for Smarty CitiesConclusions and Future Directions
Talk: Outline
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Drivers
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Population Trend
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2025: 60% of world
population will be urban
2050: 70% of world
population will be urban
Source: http://www.urbangateway.org
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Issues Challenging Sustainability
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Energy crisis
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Issues Challenging Sustainability
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Pollutions
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Uncontrolledgrowth of urbanpopulation
Limited naturaland man-maderesources
The Problem
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Source: https://humanitycollege.org
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Smart Cities: Foreffective managementof limited resource toserve largest possiblepopulation to improve:– Livability– Workability– Sustainability
The Solution
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July 2016
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Definition - 1: A city “connecting the physicalinfrastructure, the information-technology infrastructure,the social infrastructure, and the business infrastructureto leverage the collective intelligence of the city”.
Definition - 2: “A smart sustainable city is an innovativecity that uses information and communicationtechnologies (ICTs) and other means to improve qualityof life, efficiency of urban operations and services, andcompetitiveness, while ensuring that it meets the needsof present and future generations with respect toeconomic, social and environmental aspects”.
Smart Cities: Formal Definition
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Source: Mohanty 2016, CE Magazine July 2016
IEEE Distinguished Lecture. IEEE CE Society Webinar.
Smart Transportation Features: Effective traffic management Real-time vehicle tracking Vehicle safety – Automatic brake Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication Better scheduling of train, aircraft Easy payment system Drone
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Smart Healthcare
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IoT
Source: Mohanty 2016, CE Magazine July 2016
Embedded Skin Patches
Headband with Embedded Neurosensors
Fitness Trackers
Sethi 2017: JECE 2017
Quality and sustainable healthcare with limited resources, anywhere, anytime.
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Smart Healthcare: Smart-Walk
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Source: Mohanty ICCE 2018
Automated Physiological Monitoring System
ResearchWorks
Method Features considered
Activities Accuracy(%)
This Work Adaptive algorithm based on feature
extraction
Step detection and Step length estimation
Walking, sitting,
standing, etc.
97.9
10291 Instances Grouped Under 6 Activities - Kaggle
(WEKA)
Piezoelectric Accelerometer
Machine Learning AlgorithmsWalking
Frequency
AccelerometerVariance
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Smart Healthcare: Smart-Log
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Source: Mohanty ICCE 2018
Research Works Food Recognition Method Efficiency (%)This Work Mapping nutrition facts to a database 98.4
Smart Sensor Board Data Acquisition Future Meal Predictions
8172 user instances were considered
USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference is used for nutrient values of 8791 items.
Automated Food Monitoring System
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Smart Healthcare: Ambulatory Health Monitoring System
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Source: Mohanty iNIS 2016
Human Body communication (HBC)
Conductive Tissue Under The Epidermis Layer
Characteristics ValuesCommunication Environment Intra Body CommunicationBCC Coupling method Capacitively coupledFrequency range of operation 1 – 100 MHzPower consumption 3.14 mW (31% less)
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Smart Healthcare: Thyroid Monitoring System
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Source: Mohanty EuroSimE 2016
Characteristics ValuesTemperature range 25˚C to 40˚C Power Supply 4 VAccuracy + 0.1˚C Power dissipation 28.5 mWFrequency range 42.906 – 43.5 MHzContinuously monitors the basal
body temperature (BBT)
High BBT Possible HyperthyroidismLow BBT Possible Hypothyroidism
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Smart Healthcare: Epileptic Seizure Detector
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Source: Mohanty ICCE 2018
Parameter ValueSeizure Frequency (Minimum) 5 HzSeizure Frequency (Minimum) 25 HZVoltage Level Detector (Avg. Lower Threshold)
210 mV
Voltage Level Detector (Avg. Upper Threshold)
380 mV
Total power consumption 6.18 µW
Signal Rejection Algorithm (SRA)
Source: Zaveri, Yale University
EEG Signal
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Smart Energy
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Internet of Energy
Source: Mohanty 2016, CE Magazine July 2016
ICT/IoT Role: Management of energy usagePower generation dispatch for
solar, wind, etc.Better fault-tolerance of the gridServices for plug-in electric
vehicles (PEV)Enhancing consumer
relationships
Smart Generation
Smart Grid
Smart Storage
Smart Consumption
Quality, sustainable,uninterruptedenergy with minimalcarbon footprint.
IEEE Distinguished Lecture. IEEE CE Society Webinar.
“Smart government integratesinformation, communicationand operational technologiesto planning, management andoperations across multipledomains, process areas andjurisdictions to generatesustainable public value.”
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The operations cost is that required tomaintain the smart city.A small operations cost will make iteasier for cities to operate in the longrun with minimal burden on the citybudget.
Operational Cost
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Failure Tolerance and Resilience
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Power Failure
ICT Failure
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Bigdata in Smart Cities
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Source: Mohanty 2016, CE Magazine July 2016
Sensors, social networks,web pages, image andvideo applications, andmobile devices generatemore than 2.5 quintillionbytes data per day.
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Tools and Solutions
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“The 100 largest cities in the world produce 25 per cent ofthe planet’s wealth, which will be smart cities”.“New research predicts that global urbanization will fuelsmart cities market growth by nearly 19% over the next 10years.”Together these 4 sectors make up 70 per cent of the totalopportunity (This is trillions of dollars opportunity):– Energy– Building automation– Transportation and logistics– Financial services.
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Simulator is needed to verify and characterize asmart city component (or a cyber physicalsystem (CPS)), before deployment.Smart city is too large, complex, and diverse.For different components of smart cities, differentsimulator may be needed.
Smart Cities Simulator
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About– CUPCARBON is a smart city and Internet of Things Wireless
sensor network simulator (SCI-WSN)Objective– Design, Visualize, Debug– Validate distributed algorithms– Create environmental scenariosEnvironments Design of mobility scenarios and the generation of natural events
such as fires and gas as well as the simulation of mobiles such asvehicles and flying objects (e.g. UAVs, insects, etc.).
A discrete event simulation of WSNs which takes into account thescenario designed on the basis of the first environment.
Smart Cities Simulator: CUPCARBON
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Source: http://www.cupcarbon.com/
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Smart Cities Simulator: UrbanSim
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UrbanSim is a simulationplatform for supportingplanning and analysis of urbandevelopment, incorporating theinteractions between land use,transportation, economy, andenvironment.
Source: http://www.urbansim.com/home
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Industry Solutions: IBM
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IBM Intelligent Operations Center for Smarter Cities
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Cisco Smart+Connected Communities havesolutions along 8 tracks:– Smart+Connected Real Estate– Smart+Connected Utilities– Smart+Connected Transportation– Smart+Connected Safety & Security– Smart+Connected Learning– Smart+Connected Health– Smart+Connected Government– Smart+Connected Sports and Entertainment
Industry Solutions: Cisco
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Initiatives
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IEEE Technical Community created: http://smartcities.ieee.org
The IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)is the flagship event of the IEEE Smart Cities Initiative.IEEE Smart Cities initiative: IEEE Core Smart Citiesprogram recognizes/helps cities which establish andinvest both human/financial capital into smart city plans.Current IEEE Core Smart Cities: Casablanca, Morocco;Guadalajara, Mexico; Kansas City, USA; Trento, Italy;and Wuxi, China.IEEE Affiliated Smart Cities program: Allow more citiesto participate in and enjoy benefits of the IEEE SmartCities program and network.
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UN Initiative: United 4 Smart SustainableCities (U4SSC)
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U4SSC is a globalplatform for smart citystakeholders whichadvocates for publicpolicy to encourage theuse of ICTs to facilitatethe transition to smartsustainable cities.
Connecting Cities and Communities
Enhancing Innovation and Participation
Source: Paolo Gemma 2016, ISC2 2016
• Urban Planning• Policy, Standards and Regulation• Key Performance Indicators
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The Smart Cities Council is a network of leadingcompanies advised by top universities,laboratories and standards bodies.Help cities become smarter through acombination of advocacy and action:– Readiness Guides– Financing templates and case studies– Policy frameworks and case studies– Visibility campaigns– Regional networking events
Smart Cities Council
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Source: http://smartcitiescouncil.com/
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Smart Cities Connect is the largest city-firstmembership organization for global smart cityleaders.This group is advancing the growth of smartcities by working together, discussing projects,and sharing common goals and challenges.Smart Cities Connect Conference and Expobrings together over 200 cities and theirrespective leadership.
Smart Cities Connect
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Source: http://smartcitiesconnect.org/
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Smart and Connected Communities (S&CC)Smart and Connected Health (SCH)Smart and Autonomous Systems (S&AS)
USA: National Science Foundation (NSF)
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Source: https://www.nsf.gov
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By Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of IndiaWith increasing urbanization, urban areas are expected to house 40%of India’s population and contribute 75% of India’s GDP by 2030.20 Smart Cities in 1st round: Bhubaneswar, Pune, Jaipur, Surat,Kochi, Ahmedabad, Jabalpur, Visakhapatnam, Solapur, Davanagere,Indore, New Delhi Municipal Council, Coimbatore, Kakinada,Belagavi, Udaipur, Guwahati, Chennai, Ludhiana, BhopalTwo Type of Value Capture– Project-based– Area-based
Statistics:– Total Urban Population Impacted - 72,266,232– Total Cost of Projects - INR 1,317,620 Million– Total Area Based Development Cost - INR 1,056,210 Million
LEED-certified buildings than any other in the USA and aconnected city initiativeSmart transportation: Smart parking, Contactless paymentsLED lighting arrangements.
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Standards
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To determine entry points for investment in city marketsand make informed decisions through data analysisTo benchmark investments and monitor progressTo evaluate the “impact” of infrastructure projects onthe sustainability and efficiency of the cityTo build smart and sustainable citiesTo evaluate the investment in comparative perspectiveacross cities nationally and globallyTo strengthen the effectiveness of city governance
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International Organization for Standards (ISO) initiatives.International Telecommunication Union (ITU), UnitedNations specialized agency on ICT has been working.International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) hasinitiatives.IEEE has been developing standards for smart cities for itsdifferent components including smart grids, IoT, eHealth,and intelligent transportation systems (ITS).Selected indicators: economy, education, energy, andenvironment.
Standards: What
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ISO 37120 Sustainable development & resilience of communities -Indicators for city services & quality of lifeISO/TR 37150 Smart community infrastructures - Review of existingactivities relevant to metricsISO 37101 Sustainable development of communities -- Managementsystems -- Requirements with guidance for resilience and smartnessISO 37102 Sustainable development & resilience of communities –VocabularyISO/TR 37121 Inventory & review of existing indicators onsustainable development & resilience in citiesISO/TS 37151 Smart community infrastructures -- Principles andrequirements for performance metricsISO/TR 37152 Smart community infrastructures -- Commonframework for development & operation
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Conclusions
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Smart cities is not a technological trend,rather it is a necessity.Smart cities technology is an ongoing R & D.Multi-Front research on smart cities fromacademia and industries are in full swing.Smart cities still need significant maturity foreffective design and operation.R & D seems to be in right direction.
Conclusions
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Energy-efficient, accurate sensorsSecurityPrivacyIP or content protectionEnergy efficiencyBig data processingEfficient, Safer BatteryLarger, cheaper, faster memory
Future Research
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Thank You !!!Slides Available at: http://www.smohanty.org
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Hardwares are the drivers of thecivilization, even softwares need them.