iciap - Undip PAK Repository

Proceedings of the

Dept. of Architecture and Planning, Universitas Gadjah Mada

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4th Biennale

ICIAP

International Conference on Indonesian Architecture and Planning

Design and Planning in the Disruptive Era

Yogyakarta, Indonesia July 26-27, 2018

Department of Architecture and Planning,

Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

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The 4th BIENNALE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDONESIAN ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING

Proceedings of the international conference held in Yogyakarta Between 26-27 of July 2018

Editors : Doddy Aditya Iskandar, MeRSA., Ph.D.

Odilia Renaningtyas M., ST., MA(UD) Rendy Bayu Aditya, S.T., MUP

First Edition | online distribution, September 2018 21 x 29.7 cm; 830 pages ISBN: 978-97998815-8-8 All rights reserved Published by Department of Architecture and Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University

Apart from brief citations with reference, this publication may not be reproduced by any means without the permission of the publisher. Authors are responsible for the quality of the language in their papers. Organizing Committee East Wing Building Department of Architecture and Planning Jalan Grafika No.2 Kampus UGM Yogyakarta 55281 INDONESIA Phone : +62 274 580092 Fax : +62 274 580583 Email : [email protected]

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4th Biennale

ICIAP International Conference on Indonesian Architecture and Planning

Design and Planning in the Disruptive Era Yogyakarta, Indonesia July 26-27, 2018

Steering Committee Prof. Ir. Bakti Setiawan, MA, Ph.D

Prof. Wiendu Nuryanti, M. Arch, Ph. D Dr. Ir. Achmad Sarwadi, M.Eng

Ir. Ikaputra, M.Eng, Ph.D M. Sani Roychansyah, ST, M.Eng, D.Eng

Scientific Committee

Prof. Yoshiaki Kubota (University of Toyama, Japan) Prof. Shuenn-Ren Liou (National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan)

Dr.Ing. Heru W. Poerbo (Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia) Evawani Ellisa, Ph.D (Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia)

Syam Rachma Marcilia, ST., M.Eng., Ph.D. (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia) Deva Fosterharoldas Swasto, S.T., M.Sc (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)

Dr. Dwita Hadi Rahmi (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia) Dr. Laretna Trisnantari Adishakti (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)

Dr. Eng. Agus Hariyadi, S.T., M.Sc (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia) Dr. Eng. Nedyomukti Imam Syafii, ST., M.Sc (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)

Irsyad Adhi Waskita H., ST., M.Sc (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)

Organizing Committee Doddy Aditya Iskandar, MeRSA., Ph.D.

Dr. Dyah Titisari Widyastuti, ST., MUDD. Dr. Yori Herwangi, ST., MURP

Atrida Hadianti, ST., M.Sc., Ph.D. Maria Ariadne Dewi Wulansari, ST., MT

Odilia Renaningtyas Manifesty, ST., MA(UD) Rendy Bayu Aditya, ST., MUP.

Alfiandy Ahmad Yunus, ST

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FOREWORD

Recent trends indicate the dramatic and significant shift from the conventional approach of seeing things for granted to ‘disruptive innovation.’ It splintered into many aspects of individuals and communities, including planning and design. Not only does disruptive innovation become a cornerstone in current academic discourses, it also calls for new approaches in observing, critiquing and analyzing our contemporary issues and problems. As such, disruptive innovation deconstructs our comfort zone and engages us in a new territory.

The 4th International Conference on Indonesian Architecture and Planning (ICIAP) uses these ideas as backdrop for critically examining the effect of disruptive innovation in planning and design, including but not limited to the application of it and policy responses. At the same time, the conference also considers topics related to globalization and the way it stimulates creative disruption in planning and design. We encourage papers that consider disruptive innovation as another form of machine capable to co-opt various actors and institutions in disseminating certain social, economic and cultural values, planning and design as a form of resistance against the commodification process diffused across space and social groups and is systematically embedded in the structural power relations of innovation politics, and historical assessment of built environment as a form of disruptive innovation.

Dr. Ir. Ahmad Sarwadi, M.Eng Head of Deptartment Architecture and Planning, Faculty of Engineering,

Universitas Gadjah Mada

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INTRODUCTION First of all, let us express our thanks to God the Almighty who gave all of us a chance to meet again in this ICIAP 2018. The fourth International Conference on Indonesia Architecture and Planning (ICIAP) is part of a biennale international program at the Department of Architecture and Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada. With the focus on the field of architecture and planning subject/discourse in Indonesia, the conference is expected to be able to capture ideas, concepts, methods, or practices that evolve continuously in this field. There are three conferences was held previously, the first ICIAP in 2012 was bringing the theme of "Better Space Better Living", while the second ICIAP in 2014 with theme “Space for The Next Generation”, and the latest ICIAP was in 2016 with “Inclusive Space, Enriching Culture”. The recent trends indicate the dramatic and significant shift from the conventional approach of seeing things for granted to ‘disruptive innovation.’ It splintered into many aspects of individuals and communities, including planning and design. Not only does disruptive innovation become a cornerstone in current academic discourses, it also calls for new approaches in observing, critiquing and analyzing our contemporary issues and problems. As such, disruptive innovation deconstructs our comfort zone and engages us in a new territory. By this regard, ICIAP 2018 set the theme “Planning and Design in Disruptive Era”. In the fourth ICIAP, the conference offers main plenary session, panel discussions, and excursion to various architectural and heritage sites. We also had the opportunity to invite ten speakers coming from diverse cultural background that come to share their specialties and experience from broader multi-dimensional aspects of these issues. This year, we had received over 100 abstracts or full papers that have been submitted to the conference. After the screening process, there are 53 papers that have been reviewed and eligible to participate in this event. From various perspectives, these papers have been grouped in several contexts, such as design, urban, traditional and contemporary architecture, educational, socio-cultural, history-heritage, disaster resilient, and green environment contexts. In this opportunity, we would like to express many thanks to everyone, especially all the faculties, staffs, students, as well as the study programs at the Department of Architecture and Planning Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada for their tireless supports and positive participations. We are also indebted to all of speakers who have dedicated time to share their invaluable knowledge in this forum. Of course, sincerely we send our high appreciation to the entire participants of ICIAP, from the authors, the presenters, as well as the observers who have been during two days conference gave a positive academic atmosphere through related discussions. Last but not least, the highest honors is sent to our committee

Doddy Aditya Iskandar, MeRSA, S.T., MCP., Ph.D Chairperson Organizing Committee of ICIAP 2018

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CONTENT

Cover Page i

Committee iii

Foreword iv

Introduction v

Content vi

TOPIC 1: Critical Assessment on the Idea of ‘Disruptive’ and ‘Innovation’

The Commodification of Nusantaran Architecture in Indonesian Tourism: A Pathway to Culture Preservation or Universalism? 2 Diah Asih Purwaningrum and Athina Ardhyanto

Designing Integrated Neighbourhood Market Place as A Strategy of Public Market Revitalization 9 Susy Prajna Sari and Agus S. Ekomadyo

Co-Housing In Developing Country As Strategies For Living Space And Social Needs 16 Rositha Mujica, Alexander Rani Suryandono, Hafiz Nurrahman and Treza Chandra Julian Precast System for Affordable Landed Housing in Indonesia 23 Hafidz Al Mubarok and Andrean Eka Lucianto

From Angkringan to Coworking Space: The Emergence of New Social Spaces for Young People 30 Odilia Renaningtyas Manifesty and Nabila Afif

The Role of Architects in a Multi-client Community Program: The Case of Semarang 37 Ismet Belgawan Harun, Sri Suryani and Stirena Rossy Tamariska

The Implementation Of MOOC Parametric Design As A Teaching Pedagogy For Architecture Student 45 Agus Hariyadi and Nabila Afif

Back to Simple- Disruptive Methods for the Improvement of the Building Performance 52 of the Museum Affandi Ulrike Herbig, Tina Tezarek, Ulrich Pont and Ardeshir Mahdavi

TOPIC 2: Diffusion of (Disruptive) Innovation in Built Environment

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Land Requirements of High-Rise Building in Surabaya City: A Disruptive Review toward Sustainable Urban Development 62 Dian Rahmawati and Kesumaning Dyah Larasati Ride-Sharing Platform’s Effect on the Transportation Movement Pattern in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 70 Ardina Putri Rahtama, Lanthika Atianta and Dwi Aditya Indra Lesmana Malay Wood Carving: The Godang House at Koto Sentajo 77 Gun Faisal, Yohannes Firzal and Indra Kuswoyo Emerging Algorithm Design Approach for Constructing Complex Form with Low Skilled Labor Context 85 Rakhmat Fitranto Aditra and Andry Widyowijatnoko The Implementation of Text Mining on the Study of the Perception of Urban Area 91 Anugrah Sabdono Sudarsono, Ni Putu Amanda Nitidara, Joko Sarwono, Widjaja Martokusumo, Heru W. Poerbo, Michael Djimantoro, Amanda Arifiana and Feysa A. Poetry Aksiku.Bdg: Using Mobile Games to Promote the Youth as Local Change Maker 96 Dewi Shinta Wulan Dini Soebari Putri and Teti Armiati Argo

Study of the Impact of Application-Based Ojek Presence on Urban Spaces in CBD Area Jakarta 104 T. M. Aziz Soelaiman, R. Winton Danardi and Adrianto

Adaptable Space: Transformation of Outdoor Space and Streets to Facilitate Residents’ Needs Post Disaster Settlement 112 Syam Rachma Marcillia Batik Pattern Panel Performance Of Solar Radiation Reduction 119 Alexander Suryandono, Agus Hariyadi and Hiroatsu Fukuda

TOPIC 3: Environmental Issues, Sustainability

Redesign of Melong Area Based on Flood Resilient Urban Design Principles 126 Azka Taujih Robbani, Widjaja Martokusumo and Mochamad Prasetiyo Effendi Yasin

Thermal Comfort Perception of Public Space (Case Study: Zero Kilometer Point, Yogyakarta) 133 Christian Nindyaputra Octarino and Yohanes Satyayoga Raniasta Analysis of Urban Structure Parameters Based on the Climate-Sensitive Design in the Cultural Heritage Site Of Rajawali Surabaya 140 Dini Faza Illiyin, Widjaja Martokusumo and Mochamad Donny Koerniawan

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Thermal Comfort Investigation in Urban Heat Island Area, Open High-rise Building and Compact Low-rise Building Typology Study Case in Surabaya 147 Kety Intana Janesonia, Woerjantari Kartidjo Soedarsono, Mochammad Donny Koerniawan and Astri Isnaini Dewi Optimization Of Spatial Configuration To Make Thermal Comfort Condition In Fort Oranje Public Space In Ternate City 155 Asri A Muhammad, Firdawaty Marasabessy, Arif Kusumawanto and Ardhya Nareswari The Bioregional Planning as Ecology Conservation for Sustainable Living: Jakarta as the Case Study 163 Ayu Larasati

Modeling of Urban Heat Island in Surabaya City 172 Purba Karlengie, Rijanta and Doddy Iskandar Prospect of Sustainable Slum Upgrading in The Peatlands of Kuala Tungkal 180 Nur Aini, Bakti Setiawan and Retno Widodo Dwi Pramono 4 Different Time Segments Of Community Adaptation Strategies In Tambak Lorok, North Semarang: 23 Years Dealing With Rob 187 Nadhila Shabrina, Agam Marsoyo and Deva Fosterharoldas Streets, A Space To Maintain Neighborhood Associations (Case Study : Slum Area Of Semanggi, Surakarta) 193 Dea Karina Putri, Avi Marlina and Ofita Purwani Colors of the Earth: Enhancing the Sustainability of Earth-based Local Materials 200 Paramita Atmodiwirjo, Anak Agung Ayu Suci Warakanyaka and Yandi Andri Yatmo

Cross-cultural Phenomenon: Defining Balinese Traditional Architecture in Chinese Temple Architecture 206 Freddy Hendrawan and Ardina Susanti Span Construction of Bamboo Floor 212 Eugenius Pradipto and Swari Dewanti Hamastuti

TOPIC 4: Globalization and Resilience The Correlation between Urban Compactness and Urban Health in Kawasan Perkotaan Yogyakarta 223 Fatima Putri Prativi and M Sani Roychansyah From Manual to Digital, the Importance of Social Media in Promoting the Artwork of Architectural Design in Disruption Era 231 Ngakan Ketut Acwin Dwijendra and Made Vairagya Yogantari Regional Resilience Index of Climate Change in the Special Region of Yogyakarta 239 Faricha Kurniadhini, Amar Ma'Ruf Zarkawi and Sumartini

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The Effect of Slum Upgrading Programs on Resilience of Riverside Settlement in Banjarmasin City 245 Yunisari Dahliani, Bakti Setiawan and Retno Widodo Dwi Pramono

TOPIC 5: Governance, Regionalism, Management Study on Inter-Agency Relationship under One Map Policy: Does Open Data Policy Enhance the Growth of Innovations or Disruption? 254 Adipandang Yudono, Chintia Dewi and Mulyanto Darmawan

Conceptual Framework of Decision Support System (DSS) for Visual Quality Evaluation of Urban Streetscape Based on Public Preferences 263 Herry Santosa, Jenny Ernawati and Lisa Dwi Wulandari Learning from Banyuwangi Poverty Reduction Strategy Innovation in Gerbang Hebat Program of Semarang City Government 271 Lillah Haulah and Landung Esariti The Role of Tourism Sector to Regional Economic In the Disruptive Era, Case Special Region of Yogyakarta 278 Riswandha Risang Aji, Retno Widodo Dwi Pramono and Dwita Hadi Rahmi Acceleration of Land Acquisition Process to Support Infrastructure Development 284 Ganang Prakoso

TOPIC 6: Historic Preservation, Space and Place Adjusting the Past for the Future within the Era of Disruption. Authenticity and Integrity Revisited 293 Widjaja Martokusumo, Arif Sarwo Wibowo and Athina Ardhyanto Reading Social Media Data Using Place Attachment Approach for Developing Malioboro District 300 Sushardjanti Felasari, Nimas Sekarlangit, Sinta Dewi and Djoko Setyohadi Designing Public Library as an Urban Community Place Adinda Yuwono and Agus Ekomadyo Evoking Traditions and Creating Uniqueness: Traditional Settlements and Tourism in Disruptive Era 308 I Dewa Gede Agung Diasana Putra The Transformation of Shape Imagery of Gorga in Toba Batak Houses 316 Yulianto

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The Perception of Tourist toward the Quality Product of Tourism Destination: Fort Rotterdam, Makassar 324 Gusniyati Buhari, Diananta Pramitasari and Ahmad Saifullah Trilogy Masjid, Pesareyan, and Kauman as Spatial Core and Identity of Dongkelan Kauman Settlements 331 Lutfi Setianingrum, Sudaryono Sastrosasmito and M. Sani Roychansyah The Role Quality of Place to Support People's Capability in Cultural- Creative Tourism Village 340 Zilda Dona Okta Permata, Retno Widodo D. Pramono Community Disruption And Adaptation: The Role Of The Street As A Social Place In Informal Settlements In The Era Of Motorised Transport 348 Jimly Al Faraby The Form and Transformation of the Church by Mangunwijaya 357 Sotaro Kikuchi and Dimas Ikaputra Transformation of Balinese traditional village architecture: The case of Tenganan Pageringsingan 364 Dwita Hadi Rahmi

TOPIC 7: Historical Perspectives on Cities, Urban Areas Study Sustainability Aspect of Colonial Building as Adaptation of Tropical Climate in Indonesia (Case study: Pasar Johar Semarang and Pasar Gede Surakarta) 372 Dindha Nirmalasari and Suhendri Suhendri Potential of Semarang Old Town as Tourist District 378 Mia Amelia Suryani and Ikaputra

Revitalization of Chinese Settlement Area in Lasem Jawa Tengah 387 Stefy Prasasti Anggraini, Laretna T. Adhisakti and Dwita Hadi Rahmi

Urban Development and Heritage Conservation towards Integrated Conservation Planning: case of The Historic City of Medan 393 Isnen Fitri, Amy Marisa and Ratna Control Implementation in Preservation of Heritage Buildings in Yogyakarta City, Case Study: Demolition of Vocational High School of Taman Ibu and House of Tjan Bian Thiong 400 Risa Risdiasari, Deva Fosterharoldas Swasto and Leksono Probosubanu

TOPIC 8: Housing, Neighborhoods, Community Development

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Low-Income Housing Demand in Jakarta Peri-Urban Areas 408 Diva Teguh Respati and Komara Djaja Neighborhood Space Design for Candi Indah Residential In Yogyakarta 419 Gabriella Natalingrum Nugrahanto, Ahmad Sarwadi and Didik Kristiadi Physical Element Of Wayfinding Factor At Nogotirto Housing, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta 425 Reno Riandru, Prof Ir Yoyok Wahyu Subroto, Syam Rachma Marcilia, ST., M.Eng., Ph.D

Settlement transformation: Dealing with Unplanned Development Settlement in Cirata Reservoir Area 432 Agustinus Adib Abadi, Titus Adi Kurniawan and Anastasia Astrid Ronauly Ethnodevelopment In The Context Of Special Autonomy In Papua Province 438 Yannice Sitorus, Arief Rosyidie, Suhirman and Hastu Prabatmodjo Participatory Design and Community Empowerment in Fashion Village Lab, Cigondewah, Indonesia 445 Dewi Shinta Soebari Putri and Aji Bima Amalsyah Diverting the Current: Cultural Trajectories of River Dwelling in Jakarta Metropolis 452 Sri Suryani and Wahyu Kusuma Astuti Spatial Characteristic Urban Residential Area in Military City: Stability Vs Uncertainty. The Case Study of Cimahi 458 Agustinus Adib Abadi, Syaiful Achmad Lathif, Stirena Rossy Tamariska and Aldissain Jurizat Decoding Indonesian Millennials Traits as Variables In Assessing Millennials Living Preferences In Apartment 464 Laras Primasari and Angela Christysonia Tampubolon Evoking Traditions and Creating Uniqueness: Traditional Settlements and Tourism in Disruptive Era 471 I Dewa Gede Agung Diasana Putra Evaluating the factors of millennials’ housing choice in Jakarta Metropolitan Region 479 Atika Almira, Fathina Izmi Nugrahanti and Dibja Kusyala Empowering the Poor in Urban Kampong Settlements by Intensifying Stakeholder Collaboration in Creating Development Plan 487 Paulus Bawole, Haryati Sutanto and Winarna – The Role of Apartment Growth in Bekasi to The Formation of Metropolitan Spatial Structure 494 Desy Novita Sari and Retno Widodo Dwi Pramono Characteristics of Social Space around PT. Indah Kiat Pulp and Paper Perawang Mill, Siak Regency 500

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Rizki Zarli Humairah, Rijanta and Doddy Aditya Iskandar Settlement Vulnerability Aspect in Slum Upgrading Program of Ambon City 508 Wilhelmina Musila, Retno Widodo Dwi Pramono and Dwita Hadi Rahmi Model of Women’s Participation in Implementation of Slum Upgrading Program at Kebonsari Village, Pasuruan City 515 Aninda Yulian Pritasari, Bakti Setiawan and Retno Widodo Dwi Pramono A Study on Spatial Characteristics of Home-Based Enterprises’s Kampung Kota. Case Study: Squatter Dwelling Kampung Kenteng, Semanggi, Surakarta 522 Kusumaningdyah Handayani and Amalia Ji Darmastuti A Study on Circulation-Usage Alteration at Kampung Pakuncen, Gampingan, Yogyakarta 532 Agustinus Wisnu Wardana, Rendra Kusuma Berlianto and Kusumaningdyah Nurul Handayani Satu Simbah Concept As The Foundation Of Kampung Morisan 543 Cut Khusnul Khotimah, Sudaryono Sastrosasmito and M. Sani Roychansyah

TOPIC 9: Infrastructure Networks, Transport, Basic Urban Services Current Situation and Problem Solving of Intersection Saturated in Urban Street 552 Imma Widyawati Agustin Problems in Improving the Road’s Level of Service in Urban Road 560 Septiana Hariyani and Imma Widyawati Agustin Intermoda As Container Transportation Alternative in Indonesia 568 Donie Aulia, Ibnu Syabri, Puspita Dirgahayani and Pradono Pradono Design Guideline for Urban Settlement along The Railway Line on Kebonharjo Semarang based on The Noise Impact of Railway Line Crossing 576 Isti Nugroho and Dyah Titisari Widyastuti The Impact of the Purbaleunyi Toll Road towards Socio-Economic Development In West Java 583 Zeis Zultaqawa, Benny Alexandri and Donie Aulia

The Readiness People of Semarang City Toward A Model For Building License (IMB) Online 588 Ragil Haryanto and Bagus Nuari Controlling Core Urbanism In The Corridor Of Surabaya – Sidoarjo Using A Road’s Level of Service Approach 595 Budi Sugiarto Waloejo, Fauzan Roziqin and Imma Widyawati Agustin

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The Role of Apartment Growth in Bekasi to the Formation of Metropolitan Spatial Structure Desy Novita Sari and Retno Widodo Dwi Pramono 604 Evaluating Brawijaya Terminal’s service performance using Importance Performance Analysis 611 Dadang Meru Utomo, Budi Sugiarto Waloeja and Refi Ardianata

Sustainability Assessment of Engineering Faculty UGM Complex through Floor Area Ratio and Operational Energy Analysis Using Urban Modeling Interface Simulation 617 Arif Kusumawanto, Fadhilla Tri Nugrahaini and Mega Setyowati

TOPIC 10: Land use, Growth Management, Development, Planning The Impact Of Land Use Regulation On Land Values: Case Study Of Ngaglik 625 District, Indonesia A Yunastiawan Eka Pramana and Datuk Ary Adriansyah Samsura Colonial City Pattern In Indonesia Using Depth Calculation: Introduction To 634 Study Ratio On Master Plan Using DepthMapX Pindo Tutuko, Nurhamdoko Bonifacius and Dani Yuniawan Socio-Spatial Disintegration: The Influence Of Semarang-Solo Toll Road To 642 Local-Dis-Connection (Case Study: Kandangan Village, Bawen, Indonesia) Susiyowati Indah Ayuni and S Sariffuddin Territorial Ordering Program As A Basis For Designing An Oceanic Fishing 650 Port Rafi Mentari, Paramita Atmodiwirjo and Yandi Andri Yatmo

Transactive Planning and Transfer Knowledge between Transfer Agents within 656 Local Development Muhammad Taufiq, Benedictus Kombaitan and Suhirman Growing Sprawl: Leapfrog Development In Kendari From 2000 – 2016 663 Fikrani Asha and Agam Marsoyo

Transformation of Space in Balige, Province of Sumatera Utara, Indonesia 669 Morida Siagi

TOPIC 11: Theorizing Local and Regional Disruptive Innovation Connecting Global Market and Local Potential through Designing Heritage 678 Port. Case: International Cruise Port in Probolinggo Addina Nur Amalia and Agus S. Ekomadyo Theorizing Inspiration: Learning from Creative Process of Indonesian 686 Architects Tulus Widiarso, Baskoro Tedjo and Himasari Hanan

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Maintaining Local Wisdom In Home Base Hospitality Case Study: Bed And 694 Breakfast In Yogyakarta Wulan Maharani, Ofita Purwani, Titis Pitana and Hardiyati

TOPIC 12: Urban Design, Urban Architecture Visual Image of Physical Traditional Elements as an Identity of Local 702 Arhitecture in Penglipuran Village Bali Agus S Sadana, Ashri Prawesthi D and Cynthia Puspitasari Study on the Quality of Streetscape in Pasar Gede Area, Surakarta 708 Tri Palupi and Dyah Titisari Widyastuti Measuring Cultural Vitality Level as a Basis for Development Guidance of Chinese Settlement in Karangturi, Lasem 714 Yohana Aneke and M. Sani Roychansyah Study on Walkability of University Campus Area, Case: Demangan Baru 721 Yogyakarta Muhamad Faisal Paani and Dyah Titisari Widyastuti Study On Livability Quality Of Public Open Space In Banjir Kanal Barat Normalization Area Involving The Role Of Visitors In Facing Disruptive Era 726 Dhipo Achmad Hartono and M. Sani Roychansyah Correlation between Urban Compactness Level and Urban Creativity Level In Yogyakarta City 731 May Larasati and M. Sani Roychansyah The Role Of Transition And Thresholds In Creating Public Space Quality 738 Julia Dewi and Martin Pratama Sight and Sound in Designing the Urban Space 745 Heru Poerbo, Widjaja Martokusumo and Anugrah Sabdono Sudarsono The Impact of Langsa Townsquare Existence for Langsa Central Business District Vitality 752 Almira Raissa, Wahyu Utami and Amy Marisa Revealing Significant but Unpredictable Domestic Qualities of Urban Architecture for Children by Framing Method 758 Afifah Karimah, Paramita Atmodiwirjo and Yandi Andri Yatmo The Old Urban Spatial of Banda Aceh through the Historical Approach 765 Marisa Hajrina, Wahyu Utami and Imam Faisal Pane

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Re-imaging Historical Identity and Urban Culture in Alun-Alun Malang using Disruptive-Revival Innovation’s Design Method, to Establish New Identity of Urban Space and Revitalization of Public Space 773 Firmansyah and Ira Prayuni

The Incompatibility of Window Placement to the User's Seeing Experience: 781 A Case Study in Healthcare Environment Maria Myron Charlotta Sengke, Yandi Andri Yatmo and Paramita Atmodiwirjo Correlation between Urban Compactness Level And Urban Safety Level 789 In Yogyakarta City Riana Desi Putri Ratmawati and M.Sani Roychansyah

TOPIC 13: Urban Disaster Planning, Management, Cities and National Security Factors Affecting Vulnerability to Flood Risk (Case Study: Flood Risk 799 In Balikpapan City) Ariyaningsih Ariyaningsih Land Development Control Instruments in Surabaya: How is the Relevance 806 in Making a Resilient City Kesumaning Dyah Larasati and Eko Budi Santoso

Concept of Spatial Planning To Reduce Earthquake Risk in Aceh Province 813 Rizki Kirana Yuniartanti, Tiara Sartika Worowirasmi and Bintang Septiarani Social and Economic Measurement of Urban Kampung Resilience 823 Imelda Irmawati Damanik, Bakti Setiawan, M. Sani Roychansyah and Sunyoto Usman

Proceeding 4th ICIAP: Design and Planning in Disruptive Era

Back to simple- disruptive methods for the improvement ofthe building performance of the Museum Affandi

Ulrike Herbig1, Tina Tezarek2, Ulrich Pont3 and Ardeshir Mahdavi4

1Senior Scientist, TU Wien, Department of History of Architecture and BuildingArchaeology, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Wien, Austria2Graduate student of Master of Building Science Programme, TU Wien, ViennaAustria3Assistant Professor, TU Wien, Department of Building Physics and BuildingPerformance, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Wien, Austria4Full Professor & Head of Department, TU Wien, Department of Building Physics andBuilding Performance, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Wien, Austria

E-mail of corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract. There is an ongoing trend to implement complex HVAC systems to maintaincomfortable indoor conditions. Despite the benefits they are also connected to a number ofdisadvantages, for instance high energy consumption, expensive operation, and the use ofhazardous substances for operation. A disruption to this development is the rethinking ofpassive methods. One recent trend in improving thermal building performance is theemployment of low-tech approaches. This contribution highlights the efforts pertaining totesting various approaches for the adaptation of the museum Affandi in Yogyakarta, targetingbetter thermal comfort and lower energy expenses. Thereby state of the art methods were usedfor extensive evaluation of different retrofit scenarios. The tested cooling scenarios reduced theoverheating tendencies significantly. This paper encompasses methods and results as well aslayout of the applied digital workflow.

Keywords: Museum Affandi, building performance, digital workflows, building physics

1. IntroductionWithin the frame of an interdisciplinary project the Museum Affandi in Yogyakarta has been surveyedand analysed to develop an integrated restoration and adaptation concept. In a cooperation of the TUWien, the Universitas Gajah mada and the Danube University Krems researchers in the field ofgeodesy, architecture, building physics and paper conservation and restoration recorded and analysedthe state of the art of the buildings of the museum complex. [6]

Affandi is one of the most acknowledged expressionists in Indonesia, who was recognised not onlyas an artist, but also with his efforts to support movement for independence of Indonesia in the1950ies. After extensive travels, he bought a plot of land at the river Gajah Wong in Yogyakarta tocreate a museum for his oeuvre in 1958. On a terraced parcel of 3.500m2 Affandi planned a number ofgalleries around his residence, which was designed as reminiscence on Indonesian building traditions.Affandi clearly put a lot of thought into the appearance of the complex, but he designed not all of thetoday’s existing buildings. Within all of the objects in the complex Affandi’s architectural design

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concept was followed, although the results which developed over time were not always to the artist’ssatisfaction. Today the complex consists on 3 galleries, the residence, a building for his family, astudio and a restaurant. Situated in a lavish garden the complex is a piece of art on its own and hostsnot only the collection Affandi’s art but also work of his also well known daughter Kartika Affandiand other family members. In this way the Museum Affandi is a manifestation of Indonesia’s modernart is worthwhile to take special care of. Permanent exhibitions of art work in a hot and humid is achallenging task that was not within the centre of attention in Affandi’s design, who focussed on thepresentation and light concept inside the galleries. Today both art and architecture of the MuseumAffandi need restoration and a concept for a sustainable maintenance.

With the recording and documentation of the complex the joint project started in 2016, compiling3D laserscan data which were used to process the floor plans of the buildings and as a base for thecollection of information about the single architectural objects. Further post processing has been doneto compile a room book and to plan restoration and adaptation measures, especially focussing on theimprovement of the building performance according to the information of the art restoration expert.For this paper the description of the workflow will focus on the Gallery 1.

1.1. Gallery 1

Figure 1. Gallery 1 of Museum Affandi fromthe entrance (U. Herbig)

Figure 2. Interior of Gallery 1 (U. Herbig)

Affandi worked on the construction of Gallery 1 from 1958 to 1962. One of the main concerns ofAffandi with the first gallery was to use just own funds, which resulted in a gradually buildingprocess. With the design of the first gallery Affandi followed new paths and drafted a 314m2 ellipticalfloor plan situated on the west part of the museum complex. Gallery 1 is the first building to the leftthat will catch the eye of a visitor after entering the gate of the museum. The wall of the east facade isan 8m high construction of brick walls between columns of reinforced concrete and finished with arough plaster in dark grey. With curved shapes on top of the wall and also within its large-scale planethe appearance is kind of organic. The roof follows the curved top and is slanting to the 4m high wallon the west side of the building. Its shape is inspired by banana leaves which had a special meaningfor Affandi. Shortly after completing the construction Affandi added bean shape openings on top ofthe east facade, presumably to provide cross ventilation. In the original state the two doors had beenthe only openings to this side of the building. On the west wall two rows of small triangular openingsin the northern and southern part of the building provided some air flow. For the lighting 3 openingseach 3m long and 1m high are situated in the middle of the upper half of the west façade. Closed withsemi transparent sheets of plastic they provide light but no circulation of air. A transparent band in thelongitudinal axis of the roof provides additional lighting. Aside of a small room along the centre of the

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west wall underneath the openings the inside of the gallery it is generous open space providing aninteresting perspective due to the curved walls. The top of this small storage space acts as a platformto provide an alternative angle to contemplate the paintings exhibited. With a checkered pattern ofgreen and red tiles on the floor and its turquoise walls the interior itself appears already colorfulconsistent to the work of the artist. 7 metal columns headed by carved woods carrying the load ofmean roof bars support the roof. Originally the roof was covered in wooden shingles which had beentopped by bitumen shingles to avoid short replacement cycles.

Figure 3. Floor plan of gallery 1 of the Affandi Museum (D. Grandits & L. Stampfer)

Alterations of the building started shortly after its completion. In addition to the bean shapeopenings in the east facade the transparent parts of the roof had to be covered with a cloth as theincidence of light became apparent as too strong for the art work. Furthermore the openings of the eastfacade provided an entrance for rain and so had to be closed again. In 2006 the strong earthquake thathit Yogyakarta caused severe damages to the west wall of the building, where the structural weaknessbetween the lines of triangular openings enabled a crack in the wall which shifted the upper part of thesouthern segment of the wall. It seems that the triangular openings have not been reintroduced withinthe restoration process and the corresponding elements on the northern part of the west wall have beenclosed.

With these interventions there is no more cross ventilation possible within the gallery and inaddition with the dark colored roof the interior climate of the gallery can become very hot andunpleasant during the day. Two AC systems situated on top of the platform which are working duringopening hours of the museum and switched off during night time, which is causing a rise in humidityduring night time. Still the systems don’t provide a pleasant indoor climate for the visitors and theiroperation but trigger a stressful climate for the artwork. In addition to that the roof is leaking and thewest wall is wet due to a damage in the drainage system.

All these facts make the restoration of this eldest part of the museum complex necessary.

Figure 4. Section of Gallery 1, Museum Affandi (D. Grandits & L. Stampfer)

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Figure 5. On the back side of the Gallery 1, thewest wall of the building the broken drainagesystem provides a constant humid climate whichis already damaging the wall. (U. Herbig)

2. Method

For the development of an integrated restoration concept for the museum the complex has beensurveyed by laser scan. The 3D point cloud was used to plot all floor plans and sections of thebuildings. In addition to that building material and damages have been documented on site.Furthermore the construction of each object has been investigated researching original plans andhistoric images. This workflow has been already summarized and analyzed for possible improvingsolutions in [5].

In this paper the focus will be laid on the workflow for the assessment of the improvement of theindoor thermal comfort and - potentially - decreasing cooling load energy expenses. Method andresults shown in this paper were subject of a recently finished Master Thesis at the TU Wien [1].

2.1. Workflow AssessmentIn this scenario the workflow from the recording of the object with a 3D laser scanner to BIM-modelto thermal building performance simulation is summarized. Figure 6 illustrates the different steps withthe tools used in this project from laser survey data to numeric building performance simulation viaEnergyPlus [8].

Figure 6. Workflow from survey data to numeric energy performance simulation. (T. Tezarek)

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In principle, the following step-by-step scheme was deployed: Data acquisition: This step encompasses all surveying processes, performed recently in the

framework of the on-going laser-surveying efforts conducted by the Department of History ofArchitecture and Building Archaeology of the TU Wien with Riegl Laser MeasurementSystems.

Data processing: This step encompasses all filtering and cleaning up work of the generatedpoint cloud. This step majorly was conducted in the Riscan-Software of the company Riegl[7].

BIM-Modelling: The generation of a BIM-model from the cleaned-up point cloud wasconducted via Autodesk Recap [2], which enables file-transformation to the BIM-softwareAutodesk Revit [3].

Transfer to Simulation environment: Via the gbXML-format written from REVIT, an importthe EnergyPlus-software is possible. The simulation requires further data, for instance weatherdata in a suitable format (see 2.2.1. ).

2.2. Assessed Scenarios

2.2.1. Climate data assumptionsDifferent weather data files were employed for purposes of thermal building simulation of the Gallery1 of the Museum Affandi complex. These were a weather data file generated with the softwaremeteonorm (MEWF), a weather data file based on the scenario B1 for global warming (GLWF), andmodified version of the original weather data file (MOWF). MEWF was generated via interpolatedweather data file within MeteoNorm 7 [4], due to the lack of weather data directly originating fromYogyakarta. MOWF is an adapted version of MEWF, the adaptation was done by consideringMeasurement data, collected for some time in close vicinity to Gallery 1. GLWF was considered, dueto the fact that Indonesia is one of the regions of the world, where a strong impact of climate change isexpected (and currently already observable).

2.2.2. ScenariosThe base case scenario (BC) resembles the Affandi Museums Gallery 1 as in its current status Quo.BC1 denotes the base case assessed with use of the existing HVAC-equipment, BC2 denotes the basecase without usage of the existing AC-units (passive). Based on the base case, a number of scenariosfor modifications were generated (scenarios OS1 - OS9) . These in part encompassed modifications ofthe building’s envelope, in part changes in HVAC-equipment and/or operational regime, as well ascomposites of these two approaches. Table 1 provides an overview about base case and the scenarios.

Table 1. Scenarios evaluated with numeric thermal building simulation

based on Description

OS1 BC Added 25cm of insulation (Lambda = 0.036 W.m-1.K-1 to thewalls.

OS2 BC Roof replaced by a white roof (solar & visual absorptance of 0.2)OS3 BC Night-time ventilation

(12 pm - 07am air change rate of 3 h-1,07 am - 12pm air change rate of 1h-1

OS4 BC active cooling (set point 25°C)OS5 BC active cooling (set point 27°C)OS6 BC active cooling (set point 25°C) + de-humidification (set point 60%)

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OS7 BC active cooling (set point 27°C) + de-humidification (set point 60%)OS8 OS1 + OS7 Combination of OS1 + OS7OS9 OS2 + OS7 Combination of OS2 + OS7

3. Results & DiscussionTo assess the different scenarios and climate data assumptions, different KPIs (Key PerformanceIndicators) have been derived from the numeric thermal simulation. To assess the overheating, theOverheating Index was calculated as follows:

(1)

Thereby, θi denotes the indoor temperature in °C, θref denotes the overheating reference temperaturein °C, n denotes the number of hours observed, and OH denotes the overheating index, which is adimensionless number. The higher the number, the higher the tendency of overheating is. To assess thecooling energy, the cooling demand normalized by the gross area of the Gallery was derived.

Note that the results in this paper only show a small fraction of all results. The full results can beseen in [1].

3.1. Impact of different climate data assumptionsFigure 7 illustrates the results for BC1 and OS3 (implementation of night-time-ventilation) for allthree utilized climate-data-files. Interestingly, the overheating index is in both cases based onMeteoNorm-data higher than the Global-warming scenario. This - however - can not be considered asa proof that the prevailing climate is already warmer than the climate change prediction, as themodified climate data file shows a lower overheating index. Moreover, BC1 has active coolingrunning (with the existing A/C-units). In the OS3 case (just passive methods), the overheating indexincreases for all cases in comparison to BC1. However, this case shows only small deviations betweenthe weather data assumptions GLWF, MEWF, and MOWF. Given the cooling loads, Figure 7illustrates the annual cooling loads and peak cooling loads for BC1. The difference between the threeweather data assumptions is rather small in the peak loads, however, the MOWF weather data caseshows by far higher annual loads than the two other climate data assumptions.

Figure 7. BC1(left) and OS2 (right)-overheating indices.

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Figure 8. Annual cooling loads (left) and peak cooling loads (right) for BC1

3.2. Impact of the different optimization scenariosFigure 8 compares the overheating index of BC1,BC2, and the three passive scenarios OS1,OS2, andOS3 (using the MEWF weather data file). OS2 has the significantly lowest overheating index. Thismeans that the solar radiation obviously has a strong impact on the overheating, which could bereduced a lot by usage of materials of high reflectance/low absorptance. Figure 9 compares all “active”scenarios regarding their annual cooling loads. It can be clearly seen that the current BC1 scenarioshows the lowest cooling load. However, it has to be considered that all other scenarios featureimproved thermal comfort (set point temperatures of 25 / 27 °C), which is not the case for BC1. Incomparison, the acceptance of 27°C as overheating threshold in combination with the white roofenvelope (OS9) provide acceptable thermal comfort at the lowest energy investment.

Figure 9. Overheating index for BC1, BC2,OS1, OS2, and OS3

(climate data assumption MEWF)

Figure 10. Cooling loads of BC1, OS4 – 9(climate data assumption MEWF

3.3. Analysis of the workflowBased on the experiences made by workflow described in this contribution, the currently existingproblems and drawbacks regarding data interchange can be summarized as follows:

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For a successful data transfer, it is required to have good command of a number of verydifferent software tools. Moreover, as most of these tools are commercial tools, the workflowcan be considered as cost-intensive.

The workflow in this specific case study turned out to be time-consuming and post-processing-intensive. This is majorly due to the rather complex geometry of the assessedbuilding.

The transfer from laser-survey-based point cloud to BIM-environment is strongly dependentof the user. Thus, a certain “subjectiveness” in the generation of the models can be stated. Thismight be problematic, if different persons work on the same project, and for comparability ofdifferent projects with each other. This emphasizes the necessity for clear guidelines for thehandling of point clouds.

During the project, a certain data loss, both for geometry and semantic data, is more or lessunavoidable.

People working on complex buildings require in-depth knowledge about the building. This,for instance, is required, to identify / recognize certain objects within the point clouds, theidentification of change of materials in the same surface, and the differentiation betweenbuilding structures and furniture.

4. ConclusionThe present contribution shed light on recent and ongoing efforts in planning and retrofitting of theMuseum Affandi complex in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Results indicate that, even in the hot-and-humidJavanese climate, different measures could be employed to increase the indoor thermal comfort and todecrease the energy required to operate buildings of the museum. Moreover, the contributionillustrated recent research and development efforts connected to seamless data linking for differentdomains within the AEC (architecture-engineering-construction) domain. Even if the data transferfrom surveying via BIM (Building Information Modelling) applications and Building Performanceevaluation tools can be still considered as error-prone, time-consuming and cumbersome, the presentcontribution illustrated that it is per se possible, also for geometries apart shoeboxes.

Another asset of the paper are the results derived from the simulation study. Both the indoorthermal comfort and the energy usage have to be considered in detail, to decide which measures can beconsidered feasible. The cooling load analysis shows that the white-roof-option should be considered,as a significant part of overheating (and thus energy use for cooling) has obviously to do with the solarenergy input of the roof.

However, the present contribution is just one step in an upcoming row of steps, bothmethodologically (improving seamless linking of data for different purposes) and content-wise(performance improvement of museum buildings in hot and humid climates, in detail the MuseumAffandi).

Future steps include the extension of the scope of this work on the other gallery buildings of theMuseum, the more in-depth exploration how the different suggested measures could be applied to theexisting constructions in the museum complex, and at which effort. The data from this study will beused to conduct a feasibility study, which will help to identify the right measures for realization.

AcknowledgementsThe project has been support by ASEA Uninet. In addition to the authors D. Grandits Msc. L.Stampfer MSc., Dr. G. Styhler Aydin, and Dr. P. Engel contributed to the efforts pertaining to thesurveying and building renovation of the Museum Affandi. We especially thank the Affandi Familyand the staff at the Museum Affandi for their kind support.

References[1] Tezarek, T. 2018 Thermal performance analysis of buildings in a hot and humid Climate: The

case of the Affandi Museum in Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Master-Thesis; Supervisors: : A.

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Mahdavi, U. Pont; Institute of Architectural Sciences, Department Building Physics andBuilding Ecology, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria. Defense Talk: 20.06.2018 (Examiners: A.Mahdavi, U. Herbig, B. Martens

[2] Autodesk RECAP - https://www.autodesk.com/ (last accessed May 2018)[3] Autodesk REVIT - https://www.autodesk.com/ (last accessed May 2018)[4] Meteotest AG - Meteonorm; 2018. www.meteonorm.com (last accessed May 2018)[5] Herbig, U., Styhler-Aydın, G., Grandits, D., Stampfer, L., Pont, U., and Mayer, I. 2017 Digital

Workflows For Restoration And Management Of The Museum Affandi - A Case Study InChallenging Circumstances, Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci. XLII-2/W5, pp. 329-334.

[6] Herbig, U., Styhler-Aydin, G., Grandits, D., Stampfer, L., and Pont, U. 2016 The architecture ofthe Affandi Museum: Approaches to a piece of Art, In Inclusive Space, Enriching Culture.3rd Biennale ICIAP 2016, International Conference on Indonesian Architecture andPlanning. Proceedings, Yogyakarta August 11th-12th 2016, organized by Department ofArchitecture and Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University 2016(Setiawan, B., and others, Eds.), pp 18-27, UGM.

[7] Riegl - http://www.riegl.com/ (last accessed May 2018)[8] U.S. Department of Energy (DOE): Energyplus, v.8.7.; 2018. https://energyplus.net (last

accessed May 2018).

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Proceedings 4th ICIAP: Design and Planning in Disruptive Era

Community disruption and adaptation: The role of the streetas a social place in informal settlements in the era ofmotorised transport

Jimly Al Faraby1,2

1Research student, School of Geography and Planning, Cardiff University, Cardiff,CF10 3WA, United Kingdom2Academic staff, Department of Architecture and Planning, Universitas Gadjah Mada,Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract. The role of the street as a social place has a long tradition in urban design andplanning discourses. However, with the modernisation of transportation modes, this role ischallenged, as management of urban streets tends to prioritise motor vehicles and discouragepedestrian activities on the street. Despite being narrow, labyrinthine, and largelypedestrianised, streets in informal settlements are also facing a challenge from the presence ofmotor vehicles that are increasingly used by residents in informal settlements, yet not suited tothe physical form of informal settlements. Although some might argue that motor vehicles areneeded to support the living of residents, they may also alter the social life of communities thatmostly takes place on streets. This paper focuses on examining the social role of the street ininformal settlements in the era of motorised transport. Based on the study conducted in urbankampung in Yogyakarta, it would like to argue that despite the proliferation of motor vehicles,the use and management of streets by communities in informal settlements reflects communityvalues that appreciate the important role of streets for their social life, in which pedestrians stilltake priority on the street.

1. IntroductionThe role of the street is very dynamic, influenced by situational settings of time and place where

the street is located. In traditional cities, narrow and labyrinthine streets created an intimate space forsocial interaction. They played an important role for festivals, cultural ceremonies, ritual, and socialactivities [1,2]. There were relatively few conflicts between the needs for movement space and socialspace on the street because the dominant modes of travel were on foot and by animal [3]. Later on, dueto the modernisation of travel modes, the role of the street as a channel of traffic movement has beenoveremphasised, leading to the domination of motor vehicles in urban streets and discouragement ofpedestrian activities on the street [2,4].

Just like many other parts of the city which have been overwhelmed by motor vehicles, informalsettlements are also dealing with an influx of motorcycles, regardless of their narrow and labyrinthinestreets and alleys. The social life of communities in informal settlements that usually takes place onstreets is now challenged and may be altered by the presence of motorised traffic. Despite that, this

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issue is still rarely discussed in the literature and taken into consideration in the urban policy related toinformal settlements.

This paper aims to examine the social role of streets in the urban kampung in Yogyakarta in themiddle of motor vehicle domination in urban streets. It begins by presenting a brief review oftheoretical considerations of the importance of streets as a social place in informal settlements, whichis nowadays challenged by the presence of overwhelming motorised traffic in the city. It will then goon to presenting the empirical results, focusing on three issues: a) First, it looks at the actual use ofstreets in the kampung, both for mobility and social activities. Here, the intention is to get a picture onto what extent streets are used as a social place by residents. It is then followed by a description of b)residents’ perception towards the presence of motorised traffic in their settlements and c) managementof streets by residents to respond the presence of motorised traffic, to understand how residents valuestreets as a social place in informal settlements.

1.1. The street as a social placeThe significant role of the street as a social and cultural space in the city has been recognised in

urban design and planning discourses, due to its potential contribution to the quality of public life inthe city and to the inclusiveness among members of city society [5,6,7,8,9]. Offering opportunities forattractive and enjoyable experiences, and social and cultural transactions is even considered as whatmakes streets and sidewalks successful and great [7,10,11].

To promote the social and cultural role of the street, addressing the quality of street environmenthas become a major concern. Jan Gehl argued that social activities, which include children at play,greetings and conversations, communal activities of various kinds, and passive contacts, that is, simplyseeing and hearing other people [6], will spontaneously take place when people are in the same place(either for necessary or optional activities). However, to be able to attract people, street environmentneeds to be supportive and inviting, without any significant discouragement from traffic or barrier andisolation [5, 9]. In fact, vehicular traffic has been evident to be disruptive and can discourage sociallife on the street [5]. Instead, some studies showed that when pedestrians were prioritised, and thespeed and the number of vehicles were reduced, there were more optional and social activities takingplace on the street, and there were more people and social groups engaged in street activities, such aschildren and young generation, women, and elderly people [12,13,14].

1.2. The street and the social life of informal settlementsThere is a pertinent connection between the street and social life of informal settlements. Most of

public life in informal settlements take place on the street and other open spaces, as adequatelydesigned public spaces are often absent in informal settlements. For instance, in the City of the Dead,Cairo, people squat in and amongst the Mausoleums, where there are certain buildings that form afocal point of particular religious significance. In informal settlements in Dar es Salaam, people usedpublic space, such as courtyards, informal squares, streets, and footpath, for social activities whiledoing their income generation activities [15]. Compared to the enclosed space without any direct linkto the street, open streets and squares offer more opportunities for economic and social activities, [16].Domestic activities, such as cooking, eating, and bathing also often spill out into the street in informalsettlements, due to high population density and the lack of domestic space [17].

Despite their richness of public life, informal settlements and their streets often have to deal withpressure from city authorities. Informal settlements often become a subject of slum clearance policiesby the government as they are often considered chaotic and associated with poverty [18,19], and theirstreets often become the focus of slum upgrading programmes, which are usually carried out toimprove mobility and cleanliness of the neighbourhood. However, when the social role of streets isundervalued, street upgrading can result in negative impacts, such as encouraging through traffic,making some streets noisy and less safe [20].

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1.3. Motorised transport in informal settlementsInformal settlements in the global south are facing a challenge from the rapid increase of motor

vehicles, especially motorcycles. Motorcycles are important for residents for travel to work, especiallyfor those who have no fixed working hours [21]. Motorcycles are also believed to bridge the gaprelated to transport disadvantage experienced by residents in informal settlements which are often notserved by regular and reliable public transports. Motorcycle ownership is also often considered as asymbol of wealth and an indicator of the quality of life, especially among the low-income population[22]. Despite some might argue that motorcycles are needed by the impact of the presence ofmotorcycles roaming and penetrating the narrow and labyrinthine streets of informal settlements onthe social life is still underexplored.

2. MethodThis paper originates from an ongoing research project conducted in the urban kampung in

Yogyakarta, Indonesia, which in the academic literature of informality is often associated withinformal settlements in Indonesia [23, 24]. A case study approach has been taken for the empiricalinvestigation of the project. Two urban kampung which represent two contrasting communities werestudied, namely Kampung Keparakan dan Kampung Kricak Kidul-Sidomulyo. Kampung Keparakanrepresents a typical kampung in the urban centre. It has a more stable community that has a prolongedhistory, more complex yet regular morphology, and higher degree of formality. Kampung KricakKidul-Sidomulyo represents a more dynamic community which emerged more recently, that hassimpler but not well-connected street networks, and that has undergone change through an influx ofnew occupants.

The data in this paper are largely based on the result of interviews and questionnaires from 22 keyinformants and 237 respondents. Key informants, who consist of local leaders, senior residents, headsof districts, and heads of neighbourhood units, were interviewed by using semi-structured interviews,and questionnaires were distributed to households that were purposively selected to represent thediversity of residents, in terms of their socio-economic profiles, addresses, and locations of theirhouses. A combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches was used in the data analysis. Adescriptive statistical analysis was employed to analyse quantitative data from the questionnaires,while qualitative analysis was utilised to analyse the interviews with key informants.

3. Result3.1. Motor vehicles ownerships and travel modes in informal settlements

The proliferation of motorised transport in informal settlements is evident in this study. From 237respondents who have been interviewed, 93.2% of them said that they own motor vehicles, which aremostly motorcycles. Some of them even said that they own more than one motorcycle. However,according to residents’ preference regarding travel modes, motorcycles are only used as a travel modeto get out of the settlement. As for getting around their settlement, the majority of respondents (t8.4%)still prefer walking to other travel modes.

Table 1. Transport modes to get outTransport mode Frequency Percent

Walking 31 13.1Cycling 32 13.1Private motorcycle 145 61.2Private car 7 2.9Other 16 6.8Missing 7 3.0Total 237 100.0

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Table 2. Transport modes to get around the settlement

Transport mode Frequency PercentWalking 186 78.4Cycling 11 4.6Private motorcycle 32 13.5Other 4 1.7Missing 4 1.7Total 237 100.0

3.2. The social role of the street in kampungIn both study areas, streets still become a place for social activities. Various events and festivities

that take place on the street in kampung have been reported by key informants and respondents.Community festivities, such as Independence Day celebrations, Ied celebrations, and communitygatherings are common to be held on the street. Also, some other activities related to individualswhich involve a large number of people, such as wedding parties and funeral processions, are commonon the street. These activities are held on the street because there are no any other reasonable placesthat can accommodate a large number of people to congregate.

Furthermore, this study also looks at how frequent respondents interact with others on the street.Three types of activities were investigated, namely chatting with family members, chatting withneighbours, and doing transactions with street traders.

Figure 1. Frequency of chatting with familymembers on the street.

This study found that chatting with family members is not so frequent to take place on the street.Nevertheless, the total numbers of respondents who chat on the street, regardless the frequency arestill higher than the number of respondents who never chat at all with family members on the street.

Figure 2. Frequency of chatting withneighbours on the street.

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Furthermore, although the social role of the street is not prominent for social interactions amongfamily members, the street is clearly important for social interactions among neighbours. Figure 2shows how streets in informal settlements become a place where daily interactions among neigbourstake place. There are 54.85% of respondents reporting that they chat with neighbours on the streetdaily.

Figure 3. Frequency of doing transactionswith street traders on the street.

Similarly, this study also reveals that majority of the respondents (around 55%) said that they dotransactions with street traders daily on the street. This number also implies that the respondentsinteract with street traders daily on the street.

3.3. Residents’ perception toward the presence of motorised transportInitially, the presence of motorised traffic is seen as a disruption to the social life of communities in

informal settlements. For instance, a key informant in Keparakan said in an interview:

“This street has become more crowded. It is actually a kampung street, but then people use itas an alternative route to go Taman Siswa. […]. In the past, children used to play on thatstreet, but then the street was upgraded with asphalt, and there were a lot of motor vehiclespassing through. It becomes noisier, more crowded, and more dangerous because some peoplespeed up their vehicles when passing through this street”.(Key informant interview, January 2018).

The presence of motor vehicles is also reported to become a source of conflict in the kampung. Dueto limited space in the kampung, the conflict is mostly related to the way people drive and park theirvehicles. For instance, most of the respondents consider speeding up motor vehicles, careless driving,and producing loud noise from the vehicle engine as undesirable behaviours. Also, parking behavioursoften create a problem in the kampung, for instance when one’s vehicles are randomly parked in frontof someone’s house, blocking his way to get in and out. Interestingly, despite the presence ofmotorised traffic in the kampung, respondents still perceive their streets safe for children and theelderly.

3.4. Management of the street in informal settlementsDespite the influx of motorcycles in informal settlements, management of the street by

communities in informal settlements shows that they still appreciate the important role of streets fortheir social life which may explain why the majority of respondents still perceive streets in kampungsafe.

Management of streets by communities in kampung implies that pedestrians still have to be givenpriority on the street. For instance, a number of signboards have been created by communities to

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regulate the use of motor vehicles in kampung streets. These signboards instruct drivers to slow downor even to switch off the engine when they pass through particular streets in kampung. This regulationis enforced by all community members. In some other street segments, especially where there are a lotof children, speed bumps were constructed to slow down vehicles.

Figure 4. Signboard instructing toslow down

Figure 5. Signboard instructing toswitch off the engine

Some social norms also exist to adapt to the presence of motor vehicles in the kampung, regulatinghow residents should drive and park their vehicles in kampung streets. For instance, it is said that ifmotor cycles are parked on the street, they should be lined up on one side of the street. Another socialnorm that exist in kampung regulating people’s behaviours in driving motor cycles is related to theconcept of shared-street, as conveyed by a key informant in Kampung Kricak Kidul-Sidomulyo:

“Everyone, either resident or visitor of this kampung, may ride their motorcycles all the wayto pass through all streets in this kampung. Even though some people are sitting on the streetwho may block the way, it is okay to ride motorcycles. No problem, we already get used to it..”(Key informant interview, April 2018).

4. Discussion4.1. Asserting the social role of the street in informal settlements

The findings from this study have asserted the importance of streets for the social life ofcommunities in informal settlements despite the presence of motorised traffic. In informal settlements,streets still become a place where social contacts occur. They have become a place to celebratecommunity festivities and a place to share happiness and sorrow among the member of communities.The fact that majority of the respondents in this study said they chat regularly with neighbours and dotransactions with street traders also emphasises the importance of streets in informal settlements as aplatform for residents and strangers to meet and interact outside their private domain.

In addition, this finding also supports the idea that the presence of street traders is important topromote social interactions on the street [25]. The observation conducted during the study revealedthat the locations where residents usually do transactions with street traders often become the spotswhere social interactions are concentrated. It is not only the interaction between buyers and traders,but also between buyers and passersby. This phenomenon can be explained by referring to what iscalled by Whyte as “triangulation”, meaning “process by which some external stimulus provides alinkage between people and prompts strangers to talk to each other as though they were not”[10].Here, the street traders are the stimulus. They attract people, residents, and passersby to mingle andinteract with each other. Without them, many residents and passersby will not have any reason to stopand start interaction to others.

Moreover, although this study also confirms that motor vehicles are needed as a travel mode andtheir numbers is significant, unlike in many parts of the city, it does not necessarily imply that thesocial role of the street in kampung has been diminished. Instead, residents’ preference to walk to get

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around their settlement is an indication of their aspiration to create and maintain social interactions onthe street, as walking will increase their chance to meet and talk to their neighbours.

Thus, even though kampung has been overwhelmed by the presence of motorised traffic, it seemsthat their streets still play an important role in creating and maintaining the cohesiveness of thecommunity. The social role of the street in kampung is still maintained and appreciated through thecommunity-based management of streets that still prioritise pedestrians over motor vehicles

4.2. From disruption to adaptation: a collective community initiativeThis study reveals the capacity of communities in informal settlements to cope with disruption. As

described above, the presence of motorised traffic in informal settlements used to be seen as adisruption to the social life of communities. The penetration of motor vehicles into the inner part ofinformal settlements, where streets are very narrow, has been reported as a source of conflict.However, communities in informal settlements show their capacity to respond to the disruption.Instead of being denial or dismissive, they decided to take action and adapt to the disruption. As theyare aware that they cannot get rid of motorcycles from their settlement, instead they rely their living onthem, they respond the disruption through a self-help adaptation strategy by adjusting the way they useand manage the street.

The way they manage and use the street resemble shared-street concept. This concept suggests theintegration of the use of streets for vehicular movement, social contacts, and civic activities in thesame street space, especially in residential areas [4]. Even though the use seems to conflict with oneanother, proper management of streets will allow different street users to safely use the same street fortheir activities by still prioritising pedestrian movement and social interactions (like walking andplaying). In the global north, the application of the shared-street concept is often delivered through aformal scheme from the authority by employing a design approach. Therefore, this finding alsoprovides a basis about the possibility to implement shared-street concept without physicalintervention. As demonstrated in the study areas, the shared-street concept is implemented withoutchanging the physical layout of the settlements, but through consensus and respect among communitymembers and street users.

Furthermore, although it is not explicitly discussed in this study, the ability of communities ininformal settlements to apply a community-based adaptation strategy reflects their capacity to copewith the disruption and interruption, despite their limited resources. The urban poor usually cope withinterruption primarily through improvisation that draws on a variety of intermediaries [26]. Here, acontinuous improvisation is put into practice onto the social system of the community, by primarilyimposing social norms and values of the community. Surely, it is crucial to maintain strong socialcohesion among the residents, and well-functioning and organised efforts during the process.However, once the norms and values have been internalised, any potential threat to the social life ofthe community can be resolved. Therefore, eventually, this study also contributes to providing analternative view on informal settlements, which are often associated with slum, as a skillful space ofentrepreneurialism, instead of being a symbol of urban failure.

5. ConclusionThis paper would like to conclude that at the beginning, the presence of motorised traffic in the

urban kampung was considered disruptive to the social life of communities. However, nowadaysstreets in the urban kampung still play an important role as a social place for communities despite thepresence of motorised traffic, because the social role of streets in urban kampung is still maintainedand appreciated through a collective initiative from communities. The ability of communities toorganise this initiative essentially reflects their capacity to adapt to disruption to their social life, whichseems to result mainly from social cohesion among community members.

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The Readiness People ofSemarang City Toward a Model

Online Single Submission forBuilding License (IMB)

by Ragil Haryanto

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Ali Khumaeni, Wahyu Setia Budi, Heri Sutanto."Synthesis and characterization of high-puritygold nanoparticles by laser ablation methodusing low-energy Nd:YAG laser 1064 nm",Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2017Publication

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