I CAN Explain the general premise of humanismExplain the general premise of humanism Distinguish the major humanist theoristsDistinguish the major humanist.

I CANI CAN

• Explain the general premise of Explain the general premise of humanism humanism

• Distinguish the major humanist theoristsDistinguish the major humanist theorists

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007


The Humanistic Theory

• Personality is not Personality is not driven by driven by unconscious unconscious conflicts and conflicts and defenses against defenses against anxietyanxiety……but by but by the need to the need to adapt, learn, grow, adapt, learn, grow, and exceland excel

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

The Attribution TheoryThe Attribution Theory

Locus refers to the location of the attribution: internal or external

Stability denotes whether or not the attribute will stay the same or change.

For example, ability is considered a fairly stable factor, whereas effort is readily increased and deemed unstable.

Controllability is the student's ability to affect the outcome by controlling the factors that caused it.

Uncontrollable attributions are not within the student's control, like feeling ill.

The Attribution Theory is based on the reasons for our successes and failures. Every attribution is categorized in terms of locus, stability, and controllability.


Humanistic Theories

• Humanistic Theories include• Gordon Allport’s Trait Theory

• Abraham Maslow’s Self-Actualizing Personality

• Carl Roger’s Fully Functioning Person

Gordon AllportTraitsTraits

Stable personality characteristics that are presumed to exist within the individual and guide his or her thoughts and actions under various conditions

He catalogued 18,000 human traits from dictionaries

There are 3 Types of traits:1.Central- Form the basis of personality: happy, sad. moody, angry, tense 2.Secondary- include preferences and attitudes3.Cardinal- These traits dominate the personality to the point that people are famous for them: Mother Theresa, Scrooge

• Most people never develop this type of trait


Abraham Maslow and the Healthy Personality

Abraham Maslow and the Healthy Personality

• Self-Actualizing Personalities Healthy individuals who have met their basic needs and are free to be creative and fulfill their potentials

Possess no neurotic need for the approval

of others


Carl Rogers’s Carl Rogers’s Fully Functioning PersonFully Functioning Person

Term for a healthy, self-actualizing individual…

…who has a positive self-concept that is harmonious with reality

Roger’s Phenomenal Field Our psychological reality, composed of one’s perceptions and feelings

We respond to this subjective (biased) perception not to the objective reality

That’s why a grade of a C will shock someone who always gets

As but make someone who is failing happy…


Unconditional Positive RegardUnconditional Positive Regard

Love or caring Love or caring without without conditions conditions attachedattached


Evaluating Humanistic Evaluating Humanistic TheoriesTheories

Problems:Problems: Fuzzy areas in Fuzzy areas in

the theoriesthe theories They can’t be They can’t be

tested.. lack an tested.. lack an empirical empirical base… can’t be base… can’t be proven falseproven false


Evaluating Humanistic Evaluating Humanistic TheoriesTheories

Positive PsychologyPositive Psychology Recent movement in psychologyRecent movement in psychology

Pursues essentially the same goals as Pursues essentially the same goals as humanists but are more concerned humanists but are more concerned with scientific support of theories with scientific support of theories

It studies the strengths and virtues that It studies the strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to enable individuals and communities to thrivethrive

Positive psychologists seek to make normal Positive psychologists seek to make normal life more fulfilling", not to cure mental life more fulfilling", not to cure mental illnessillness

CAN I?CAN I?

Explain the general premise of Explain the general premise of humanism humanism

Distinguish the major humanist Distinguish the major humanist theoriststheorists


I CAN Explain the general premise of humanismExplain the general premise of humanism Distinguish the major humanist theoristsDistinguish the major humanist.

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