Human Interface Human Interface where the bits meet the flesh where the bits meet the flesh bits meets eyes and ears bits meets eyes and ears Tom Zimmerman Tom Zimmerman IBM Almaden Research Center IBM Almaden Research Center San Jose, California San Jose, California [email protected][email protected]October 2007 October 2007 Think beyond the box
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Human Interface where the bits meet the flesh bits meets eyes and ears
Human Interface where the bits meet the flesh bits meets eyes and ears. Think beyond the box. Tom Zimmerman IBM Almaden Research Center San Jose, California [email protected] October 2007. Research Theme. Transducers; Converting one thing into another - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Human InterfaceHuman Interfacewhere the bits meet the fleshwhere the bits meet the flesh
bits meets eyes and earsbits meets eyes and ears
Tom ZimmermanTom ZimmermanIBM Almaden Research CenterIBM Almaden Research Center
Transducers; Transducers; Converting one thing into anotherConverting one thing into another User Interface, User Experience, First PersonUser Interface, User Experience, First PersonHooking people to gadgetsHooking people to gadgets– Bits Meet the FleshBits Meet the Flesh– Bits Meet Eyes & EarsBits Meet Eyes & Ears
Transducer ExamplesTransducer Examples– Dance into Music (dance synthesizer, suction cup)Dance into Music (dance synthesizer, suction cup)– Hand into Finger Spelling (DataGlove)Hand into Finger Spelling (DataGlove)– Sound into Light (Singing Coach)Sound into Light (Singing Coach)
Violin Home Health Monitoring Contact Microscope
VR Data Glove Personal Area Network Honda Smart Seat
Fantasy & Necessity Are the Mothers of Invention
Discrete EventsDiscrete Events
Converting continuous input into Converting continuous input into discrete events.discrete events.
Modelesstext, graphics, doodle comment on document
direct manipulation
BUT hard to index, search,
archive, distribute
Other Pen SystemsOther Pen Systems
PDA; writing on plastic LCD; writing on glass
Tablet; invisible writing CrossPad; writing on 2 lbs.
Toy PensToy Pens
Battery (AAA)
InkCPU and
Flash Memory
CMOS ImagerLens
Normal or dot code paper
Pen Research (IBM 2002)
Ultrasonic Optical
IRDA
Electric Field Pen (IBM 1997)Electric Field Pen (IBM 1997)
Dynamic Signature VerificationDynamic Signature Verification“Sign and Go” (2003)“Sign and Go” (2003)
• Biometric verification using handwriting cadence (timing)• A means to electronically verify customer signatures • Customer signs on a digital signature capture station• Software checks signature against reference signatures and checks for major changes in signature
BiometricsBiometrics
Classification of BiometricsClassification of Biometrics
Physical Feature Physical Feature –Iris, face, finger, hand, DNAIris, face, finger, hand, DNA–Can alter presentationCan alter presentation
Identification & VerificationIdentification & VerificationIdentificationIdentification– ““Who am I?”Who am I?”– 1:N matching (difficult, big search)1:N matching (difficult, big search)– Example:Example: 100k customers @ 0.1% error = 100 errors 100k customers @ 0.1% error = 100 errors– UseUse: Discover identity, Watch lists: Discover identity, Watch lists
VerificationVerification– ““Am I who I claim to be?”Am I who I claim to be?”– 1:1 matching (easier)1:1 matching (easier)– Requires identifier (not secure but unique)Requires identifier (not secure but unique)
Performance MetricsPerformance MetricsFalse Accepts (FA) False Accepts (FA) – likelihood that someone may be falsely accepted likelihood that someone may be falsely accepted bad guy gets inbad guy gets in
False Rejects (FR)False Rejects (FR)– likelihood that a genuine user may be rejected likelihood that a genuine user may be rejected good guy gets rejectedgood guy gets rejected
Lower the FA and FR, the better the system performanceLower the FA and FR, the better the system performanceAcceptance threshold trade-off FA to FRAcceptance threshold trade-off FA to FREqual Error Rate when FA=FREqual Error Rate when FA=FRFailure to enroll, Failure to acquireFailure to enroll, Failure to acquire– Light eyes (iris), thin skin (finger), simple/changing signature, noisy Light eyes (iris), thin skin (finger), simple/changing signature, noisy
environment (voice)environment (voice)– Need backup/alternativeNeed backup/alternative
Example FA=2% FR=1%Example FA=2% FR=1%– 2 out of 100 good customers get rejected2 out of 100 good customers get rejected– 1 out of 100 bad guy attempts get in1 out of 100 bad guy attempts get in– If 1 in 1000 customers are bad guys, 1 forgery per 100,000 transactionsIf 1 in 1000 customers are bad guys, 1 forgery per 100,000 transactions
Behavior (requires Behavior (requires cooperation), name cooperation), name changes, ergonomicschanges, ergonomics
VoiceVoice 2-10%2-10% Use with cell phonesUse with cell phones Sensitive to noisy Sensitive to noisy environment, requires environment, requires talkingtalking* Equal Error Rate estimates for relative comparison only. Actual results are highly
dependent on system design, equipment, user population and experience.
Tangible Programming Tangible Programming
Logo CardsLogo CardsBar code
Instruction
Usage
Definition
Example code
35mm slide holder
Students Programming With LOGO Playing Cards
Queuing and Scanning Programs into Computer
Programming Robots with Programming Robots with Playing CardsPlaying Cards
The Robosapian™ robot comes with a remote control to program robot movements.
The remote control is replaced with a deck of instruction cards and bar code reader.
Students choreograph movements by arranging the cards, then program the robot by scanning the cards with the bar code reader.
TelepresenceTelepresence
When you need to be there … but you don’t want to travel there
Dummy Head Electronics (IBM 2003)Dummy Head Electronics (IBM 2003)
Frame and Handle
VGA Camera
MegaPixel Camera
Tilt Gimble
Yaw Motor
Speaker Phone
Battery
Tiny PC w/WLAN
Ethernet AC PowerAnalog Phone Line
Ethernet
DIGITAL HEAD BASE STATION (x-ray view) (100 m range to head)
Location-aware shopping cart provide real-time “you are here” navigation map and location-based content-Location-aware shopping cart provide real-time “you are here” navigation map and location-based content-driven offers such as coupons and recipes. driven offers such as coupons and recipes.