Document

Stereoscopic 3D

Alex Shows Technology Strategist

CSMB Technology Planning

What 3D Can Mean To You

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3D is the way we perceive our world

3D affects customers’ buying decisions

Dell is working to bring compelling 3D solutions to market that enable your company to create what’s next

There are different 3D technologies for different applications


Cameron’s Avatar

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Image Credit: 20th Century Fox Image Credit: Lightstorm Entertainment


Leonardo’s Paradox

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3D is a fundamental part of human perception

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~1500 1838 1860 1952


3D is a fundamental part of human perception

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1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s

Barlow, Blakemore &

Pettigrew

Hubel & Wiesel Tyler Poggio

Coutant & Westheimer

97.3% of participants able to perceive depth (Source: Coutant and Westheimer, Population distribution of stereoscopic ability, Ophthalmic and

Physiological Optics, Vol13, 1992)


3D isn’t limited to CAD designers

•  Many other fields can benefit from an immersive experience

•  Anywhere that designs or data need to be seen as they are

•  Also, anywhere where data visualization exceeds 2 dimensions

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Stereoscopic 3D can benefit many applications Application Example Use Case

Architectural Design Dynamic walkthroughs showing more realistic spatial relationships

Mechanical Design Assembly manipulation with more intuitive component relationships

Digital Content Creation Modeling visually lifelike creatures based on subconscious visual queues

Oil & Gas Surveying across deep visual representations of complex data types

Geospatial Visualization Navigating elevation models and complex ground structures

Scientific Visualization Physics models with complex mechanical relationships

Medical Volumetric renderings mapping dense physiological structures

Pharmaceutical Molecular modeling of intricate chemical reactions

Environmental Remote exploration of foreign lands, planets

Simulation and Training Vehicle training where complex controls are mapped in spatially related groups

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3D Display Technology

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Flat 3D Display Systems

Autostereoscopic Stereoscopic (glasses)

Temporal Spatial Multiplexing

Active Shutter

Parallax Barrier

Lenticular Field Sequential

Spectral Division

Linear

Circular

Anaglyph

Polarization

Glasses-based Glasses-free


3D Display Technology

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Flat 3D Display Systems

Autostereoscopic Stereoscopic (glasses)

Temporal Spatial Multiplexing

Active Shutter

Parallax Barrier

Lenticular Field Sequential

Spectral Division

Linear

Circular

Anaglyph

Polarization

Glasses-based Glasses-free


Anaglyph 3D

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Anaglyph filters are chromatic opposites

First images – 1850s First movies – 1920s Hollywood – 1950s “Cyan” patented – 1970s

Remove blue and green from the left eye image.

Remove red from the right eye image.


Spectral Division

•  Interference filters are used to pass only narrow wavelengths of light

•  Cool RGB filter for one eye

•  Warm RGB filter for the other

•  The visual cortex merges the two with significantly less color loss than anaglyph

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Image Credit: Infitec, via Stereoscopy.com


Active Shutter

•  Glasses with liquid crystal lenses

•  Active electronics open and close each eye in sequence with the display

•  Display shows left image while blocking the right eye view, then switches

•  Cost to TV manufacturer is low –  Glasses are expensive today

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Image Credit: Associated Press, Sourced from Panasonic and Sony


Linear Polarization

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•  Non-polarized light goes in –  Only polarized light goes out

•  Polarized here means axis-aligned –  Vertical axis orientation for one eye –  Horizontal axis orientation for the other

•  Big problem: head tilt Image Credit: 3Dride.com


Circular Polarization

•  Light is initially polarized linearly, to align along an axis

•  Then a quarter wave plate retards the photons, causing the waves to move in a corkscrew-like pattern

•  This circular pattern can be clockwise or counterclockwise

•  Works independently of head tilt

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Image Credit: Shrimp See The Light, Huang, Hector, Berkley Science Review


Parallax Barrier

•  Aperture grille is used to block / pass light in columns

•  Creates many views, each at a fraction of the resolution

•  For viewers positioned between two of these views, depth is perceived without the need for glasses

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Image Credit: Depth perception for moving images shown on a large LED display with an aperature grille. SID 2009. Yamamoto, H. et al. University of Tokushima.


Lenticular

•  Lenses or films which refract light from a pixel

•  Refractions target fields of view, creating sweet spots where a viewer can see a different image in each eye

•  Loss of resolution and moiré patterns are some of the issues

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Image Credit: How a lenticular lens works. Wikimedia Commons. July 2007.


Temporal Field Sequential Autostereo

•  3M recently announced – switching backlight and 3D film

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Light Guide

Left Image Right Image

Fast LCD Panel

& 3D Film

Image Credit: 3M


Temporal Field Sequential Autostereo

•  3M recently announced – switching backlight and 3D film

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Left Image Right Image

Light Guide

Fast LCD Panel

& 3D Film

Image Credit: 3M


High DPI Lenticular

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2D Pixel View 1

2D Pixel View 1

2D Pixel View 1

2D Pixel View 1 2D Pixel

View 1 2D Pixel View 1

2D Pixel View 1 2D Pixel

View 1 2D Pixel View 1

3D Pixel View 1

3D Pixel View 2

3D Pixel View 3

3D Pixel View 4

3D Pixel View 5

3D Pixel View 6

3D Pixel View 7

3D Pixel View 8

3D Pixel View 9 2D Mode

All sub-pixels use same color

3D Mode Sub-pixel for each view

Imagine looking down on the pixel…

Each 3D pixel covers a slice of the view

View 2

View 4

View 7

View 9

View

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View 8

• Ultra-high pixel density (9x HD) • Lenticular lens/film/coating


Different technologies for different applications

Method Pros Cons Applications Spectral Division Lightweight glasses Expensive glasses and

high light loss Wherever high brightness isn’t essential

Active Shutter Incrementally inexpensive in the display

Expensive glasses, flicker

Wherever fast-refresh LCDs and/or single DLP projectors exist today

Circular Polarization Low cost glasses Expensive polarizer or two projectors, special silver screen

Large-scale projection-based visualization arrangements (>10 viewers)

Lenticular No glasses needed Loss of resolution Retail, point-of-sale, where multiple views are required

Temporal Field Sequential

No glasses needed Limited to single viewer Handhelds, tablets, personal visualization devices

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Dell products that support 3D

•  Dell S300W projector –  2200 lumens, 2400:1 contrast ratio –  1280x800 with 720p120 input –  Active shutter glasses with DLP Link sync

•  Alienware AW2310 monitor –  1920x1080 LCD –  Up to 120Hz refresh 3D modes –  Active shutter glasses with USB IR sync

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Summary

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3D is a fundamental part of the way we perceive our world

3D affects customers’ buying decisions

Dell is working to bring compelling 3D solutions to market that enable your company to create what’s next

There are different 3D technologies for different applications


Questions?

•  [email protected]

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