1 Telecom Israel Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006 Page 1 University Understanding HSPA Understand HSPA: High-Speed Packet Access For UMTS Understand HSPA: High-Speed Packet Access For UMTS Telecom Israel Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006 Page 3 University Understanding HSPA About QUALCOMM University QUALCOMM University (“QU”) offers the advanced technology training solutions you need to stay on the cutting edge of wireless technology. Visit the QU website for more information about individual training products, international training centers, and distance learning opportunities, along with a complete list of classes—all developed by QUALCOMM, the pioneers of CDMA. QUALCOMM University: www.qualcommuniversity.com QUALCOMM: www.qualcomm.com
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Telecom IsraelTechnical Tutorial
November 7th, 2006
Page 1
University
Understanding HSPA
Understand HSPA:High-Speed Packet Access For UMTS
Understand HSPA:High-Speed Packet Access For UMTS
Telecom IsraelTechnical Tutorial
November 7th, 2006
Page 3
University
Understanding HSPA
About QUALCOMM University
QUALCOMM University (“QU”) offers the advanced technology training solutions you need to stay on the cutting edge of wireless technology.
Visit the QU website for more information about individual training products, international training centers, and distance learning opportunities, along with a complete list of classes—all developed by QUALCOMM, the pioneers of CDMA.
• WCDMA HSDPA: Protocols and Physical Layer (1 day)
• WCDMA HSUPA: Protocols and Physical Layer (1 day)
Want to learn more?QUALCOMM University offers additional in-depth technical training related to this course. To learn more about this or related topics, sign up for the following courses.
To check out the schedules for these courses and enroll, go to:
www.qualcommuniversity.com
Telecom IsraelTechnical Tutorial
November 7th, 2006
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Understanding HSPA
UMTS Courses from QUALCOMM University
For the latest information on all QUALCOMM University courses, visit www.qualcommuniversity.com.
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Understanding HSPA
Tutorial Objectives
Provide telecommunication professionals with the basic understanding of HSPA, the high speed packet access technologies (HSDPA, HSUPA), and related applications, network architecture, and deployments.
The talk will present:the market drivers for UMTS HSPA
the basic enabling techniques and terminology associated with HSPA
the basic operations of HSPA
the HSPA implementation and performances
Telecom IsraelTechnical Tutorial
November 7th, 2006
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Understanding HSPA
HSPA Motivations
Market Drivers
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Understanding HSPA
Increasing Wireless Internet Traffic Demands Higher Data Rates
3G Enables Wider Options of Services
EducationEducationFinancialFinancial
InformationInformation
BusinessBusiness
Audio on demandVideo on demandGames on demandNetwork GamesReservation services
Database accessE-mail/Fax/WebLocation Based ServicesEmergency Call LocatingSafety Credit verification
Stock tradingWireless bankingFinancial news
Interactive shoppingE-commerce
Remote learningRemote library access
Remote language laboratory
WorkgroupsRemote LAN accessVideoconferencing
…and manyothers
Entertainment
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Understanding HSPA
CDMA2000 1xCDMA2000 1xMore Capacity, High Speed Data
Capacity/Quality
Roaming
Mobility
AMPS
TDMAGSMPDC
cdmaOneIS-95A
cdmaOne IS-95B
cdmaOne IS-95B
Medium Speed Data
Multi-ModeMulti-Mode
Global Roaming
1G 2G 3G (IMT-2000)2.5G
Multi-BandMulti-Band
Multi-NetworkMulti-Network
GPRSGPRS
CDMA2000 1xEVCDMA2000 1xEV
WCDMAWCDMA
Time
IMT-2000 aims to achieve Anywhere, Anytime Communications
Key Features:• Commonality• Compatibility• High quality• Small terminals• Worldwide roaming• Multimedia• Wide range of services
3G (IMT-2000)
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Understanding HSPA
GPRS GPRS
EDGEEDGE
WCDMA (R99)WCDMA (R99)
HSDPA/HSUPA(Rel5 / Rel6)
HSDPA/HSUPA(Rel5 / Rel6)
Peak Data Rate
Spec
tral
Effi
cien
cy
Rich Voice Video Telephony
MM streamingMM sharingWireless Broadband AccessInteractive GamingVoIP with AMR-WB
Channels: PCH, No UplinkMobility: Location/Routing Area UpdateCalls: None, PS call might be in “context preserved” state DRX Mode
Establish RRCConnection
Release RRCConnection Establish RRC
Connection
Release RRCConnection
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Understanding HSPA
Release 99 Principles
How is Packet Data Managed in Release 99?• DCH (Dedicated Channel)
– Spreading codes assigned per user– Closed loop power control– Macro diversity
• FACH (Common Channel)– Common spreading code– Header defines user– No closed loop power control
• DSCH (Downlink Shared Channel) – not implemented for FDD– Common spreading code shared by many users– User assignment by Physical Layer signaling– Closed loop power control with DPCH
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Understanding HSPA
DCH/FACH Comparison Summary
Mode DCH FACHChannel Type Dedicated Common
Power Control
Closed Inner Loop at 1500 Hz -
Slower Outer Loop
None or slow (based on
measurement report)
Soft Handover Supported Not Supported
Setup Time High Low
Suitability for Bursty Data Poor Good
Data Rate Medium Low
Radio Performance Good Poor
How do we do Packet Data in Release 99
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What will HSDPA Address?
Release 99 Downlink Limitations• Limited Peak Data Rate
– Maximum implemented Downlink of 384 kbps
• Capacity and Throughput– Modulation and coding
QPSK Convolution coding (R=1/2, 1/3) or turbo coding (R=1/3)
– Link adaptation due to channel conditionsFast closed inner loop power control, butSlower outer loop
• Minimum TTI of 10 ms• Slow Rate and Type Switching
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Understanding HSPA
HSDPA Goals
Higher Data RateHigher User / Cell ThroughputLower Latency
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Understanding HSPA
HSDPA Enabling Technologies
How will HSDPA address the limitations of Release 99?• Extension of DSCH• Multi-Code operation• Adaptive modulation and coding
– QPSK and 16-QAM– Coding from R=1/3 to R=1 – Fast feedback of channel condition
• Improve transmission efficiency– Fast retransmission and Physical Layer HARQ
• Fast resource management– Node B scheduling
• Reduce transmission latency– 2 ms TTI
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Understanding HSPA
Common Channel for Data
Common Channel for data transfer using the HS-PDSCH
HS-PDSCH
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Understanding HSPA
Multi-Code Operation
• Fixed Spreading Factor SF=16– (Typical Spreading Factor for 128 kbps in Release 99)
• 1-15 codes can be reserved for HS-PDSCH• Can be TDM or CDM between users
Up to 15 codes reserved for HS-PDSCH transmission
User #1 User #2 User #3 User #42 ms (3 slots)
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Understanding HSPA
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
• Coding from R=1/3 to R=1• HSPDA supports 16-QAM modulation
– 4 bits per symbol versus 2 bits per symbol with QPSK
• RACH (Common Channel)– Common spreading code– Fixed (negotiated) spreading factor– No closed loop power control– No soft handover
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Understanding HSPA
Release 99 Uplink Limitations
• Large Scheduling Delays– Slow scheduling from RNC
• Large Latency– Transmission Time Interval (TTI) durations of 10/20/40/80 ms– RNC based retransmissions in case of errors
• Limited Uplink Data Rate– Deployed peak data rate is 384 kbps
• Limited Uplink Cell Capacity– Typically about 800 kbps
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High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)
• Set of high speed channels is received at the Node B.• Interference is shared by multiple users.• Several users may be allowed to transmit at given data rate
and power on a fast scheduling.
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Enhancements Provided by HSUPA
How will HSUPA address the limitations of Release 99?
• Higher Peak Data Rate in Uplink– Enable new services and improve user perception
• Improved Uplink Coverage for higher Data Rates
• Improved Uplink Cell Capacity
• Reduced Latency
• Fast Scheduling and Resource Control– Increase resource utilization and efficiency
• Quality of Service (QoS) support– Improve QoS control and resource utilization
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How are Enhancements Achieved?
Improved Cell Capacity
Higher Peak Data RatesReduced Latency
Improved QoS Support
Faster Resource Control
Release 99 UL DCH HSUPA
Minimum TTI of 10 ms
Smaller TTI of 2 ms
Slow UL rate switching
(RNC based)
Fast UL data ratecontrol in the Node B
Improved Physical Layer performance
through HARQ
Multiplexing of transport channels at Physical Layer
Multiplexing of logical channels at MAC layer
Slow mechanism to request resources
Fast mechanism to request UL resources
Dedicated resource allocation for latency sensitive applications
Dedicated resource allocation that could
not be used efficiently
New Transport Channel
New Physical Channels
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Understanding HSPA
HSUPA vs. HSDPA
HARQ with Fast Retransmission at Layer 1
Fast Node-B Scheduler“Many-to-One”
Rise-over-Thermal (RoT)
Fast Node-B Scheduler“One-to-Many”
Shared Node-B Power and Code
Fast Power ControlSoft Handover
Rate/Modulation AdaptationSingle Serving Cell
Dedicated Channel with Enhanced Capabilities
New high-speed Shared Channel
HSUPAHSDPA
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Rise-over-Thermal Noise
Determination of grant for the UE
(At NodeB)
NodeB
UL Interference Level(RoT measure)
UE Data Rate
Interference from other UEs
Grant Received from NodeB
UE Transmit Power
2
3
1
5
4
In order to decode received data correctly, a minimum SINR shall be guaranteed at the Node B receiver.
Rise-over-Thermal is a measure of the Uplink load.
1. By increasing the number of transmitting UEsand their transmit power, the level of interference in the Uplink band increases.
2. This interference is perceived by the Node B receiver as noise, affecting the SINR.
3. The Node B controls the interference level by adjusting the UE grant assignments.
4. When the UE receives a new grant, it uses it in combination with available UE transmit power and the amount of data in the buffer…
5. …to determine the data rate and the corresponding transmit power.
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Node B Scheduler for HSUPA
The HSUPA scheduler addresses the trade-off between:
Several users that want to transmit at
high data rate all the time
3dTower.emf
Node B
Satisfying all requested grants while preventing overloading and
maximizing resource utilization
and
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Rise-over-Thermal Loading
load
RoTOverload
margin
Target Load
Possible additional load with HSUPA
R99 UL
R6 UL
With the introduction of HSUPA, a lower Uplink margin for preventing overload situations can be used, thanks to the fast resource allocation and control mechanisms in the Node B.
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HSUPA Channel Operation
1. The UE sends a Transmission Request to the Node B for getting resources.
2. The Node B responds to the UE with a Grant Assignment, allocating Uplink band to the UE.
3. The UE uses the grant to select the appropriate transport format for the Data Transmission to the Node B.
4. The Node B attempts to decode the received data and send ACK/NAK to the UE. In case of NAK, data may be retransmitted.
3dTower.emf
Node B
REQ
GRANT
DATA
ACK/NAK
UE
HSUPA Operation
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HSUPA Channel Operation (continued)
1. Transmission Request
The UE requests data transmission by means of the Scheduling Information (SI), which is determined according the UE Power and Buffer Data availability.
The scheduling information is sent in-band to the Node B.
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HSUPA Channel Operation (continued)
2. Grant Assignment
The Node B determines the UE Grant by monitoring Uplink interference (RoT at the receiver), and by considering the UE transmission requests and level of satisfaction.
The grant is signaled to the UE by new grant channels.
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HSUPA Channel Operation (continued)
3. Data Transmission
The UE uses the received grant and, based on its power and data availability, selects the E-DCH Transport Formatand the corresponding Transmit Power.
Data are transmitted by the UE on together with the related control information.
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HSUPA Channel Operation (continued)
4. Data Acknowledgment
The Node B attempts to decode the received data and indicates to the UE with ACK/NAK if successful.
If no ACK is received by the UE, the data may be retransmitted.
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UMTS Network Architecture with HSUPA
Core Network
UserEquipment
UTRAN
Mobile EquipmentUSIM
Node B
Node B
Node B
RNC
RNC
HLR/AuC
Node B
Node B
Node B
GMSCPSTN/ISDN
SGSN GGSN Internet
MSC/VLR
Node B
Node B
Uu Iub
Iub
Iups
IucsHardware and Software Changes
Software Changes
Iur
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Understanding HSPA
HSUPA Protocol Stack
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HSUPA Uplink Channels
New HSUPA Uplink Channels:
• Enhanced Uplink Dedicated Channel (E-DCH)– Uplink Transport Channel
• E-DCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel(E-DPDCH)– Uplink Physical Channel
• E-DCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel(E-DPCCH)– Uplink Control Channel