How to Set Computers on Network

8/7/2019 How to Set Computers on Network

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HOW TO SET AHOW TO SET A

COMPUTER ON COMPUTER ON

A NETWORK?A NETWORK?



One way to categorize the different types of computer network designs is byOne way to categorize the different types of computer network designs is bytheir scope or scale. For historical reasons, the networking industry refers totheir scope or scale. For historical reasons, the networking industry refers to

nearly every type of design as some kind of nearly every type of design as some kind of area network area network . Common examples of . Common examples of

area network types are:area network types are:

1.1. LANLAN -- Local Area Network Local Area Network

2.2. WLANWLAN -- Wireless Local Area Network Wireless Local Area Network 3.3. WANWAN -- Wide Area Network Wide Area Network

4.4. MANMAN -- Metropolitan Area Network Metropolitan Area Network

5.5. SANSAN -- Storage Area Network, System Area Network, Server AreaStorage Area Network, System Area Network, Server Area

Network, or sometimes Small Area Network Network, or sometimes Small Area Network

6.6. CANCAN -- Campus Area Network, Controller Area Network, or sometimesCampus Area Network, Controller Area Network, or sometimesCluster Area Network Cluster Area Network

7.7. PANPAN -- Personal Area Network Personal Area Network

8.8. DANDAN -- Desk Area Network Desk Area Network

LAN and WAN were the original categories of area networks, while the othersLAN and WAN were the original categories of area networks, while the others

have gradually emerged over many years of technology evolution.have gradually emerged over many years of technology evolution.



Why use a network?Why use a network?

�� To allow people to accessTo allow people to access

the system remotely .the system remotely .

Example: HomeExample: Homecontrol/monitoring Systemcontrol/monitoring System

similar to the class project.similar to the class project.

�� To allow communicationTo allow communication

with other systems .with other systems .Example: Banking system.Example: Banking system.

ATMs must communicateATMs must communicate

with a central server.with a central server.



AA LAN LAN connects network devices over a relatively shortconnects network devices over a relatively short

distance. A networked office building, school, or homedistance. A networked office building, school, or home

usually contains a single LAN, though sometimes oneusually contains a single LAN, though sometimes one

building will contain a few small LANs (perhaps onebuilding will contain a few small LANs (perhaps one

per room), and occasionally a LAN will span a groupper room), and occasionally a LAN will span a group

of nearby buildings. In TCP/IP networking, a LAN isof nearby buildings. In TCP/IP networking, a LAN isoften but not always implemented as a single IPoften but not always implemented as a single IP

subnet.subnet.

In addition to operating in a limited space, LANs areIn addition to operating in a limited space, LANs are

also typically owned, controlled, and managed by aalso typically owned, controlled, and managed by asingle person or organization. They also tend to usesingle person or organization. They also tend to use

certain connectivity technologies, primarily Ethernetcertain connectivity technologies, primarily Ethernet

and Token Ring.and Token Ring.



�� Most local area networks are built with relativelyMost local area networks are built with relativelyinexpensive hardware such as Ethernet cables, network inexpensive hardware such as Ethernet cables, network adapters, and hubs. Wireless LAN and other moreadapters, and hubs. Wireless LAN and other moreadvanced LAN hardware options also exist.advanced LAN hardware options also exist.

�� Specialized operating system software may be used toSpecialized operating system software may be used toconfigure a local area network. For example, mostconfigure a local area network. For example, mostflavors of Microsoft Windows provide a softwareflavors of Microsoft Windows provide a softwarepackage called Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) thatpackage called Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) that

supports controlled access to LAN resources.supports controlled access to LAN resources.�� The termThe term LAN partyLAN party refers to a multiplayer gamingrefers to a multiplayer gaming

event where participants bring their own computers andevent where participants bring their own computers andbuild a temporary LAN.build a temporary LAN.



Fig.: A diagram showing a local area network



WLANWLANs provide wireless network communications provide wireless network communication

over short distances using radio or infrared signalsover short distances using radio or infrared signalsinstead of traditional network cabling.instead of traditional network cabling.

A WLAN typically extends an existing wired localA WLAN typically extends an existing wired local

area network. WLANs are built by attaching aarea network. WLANs are built by attaching a

device called the access point (AP) to the edge of device called the access point (AP) to the edge of

the wired network. Clients communicate with thethe wired network. Clients communicate with the

AP using a wireless network adapter similar inAP using a wireless network adapter similar infunction to a traditional Ethernet adapter.function to a traditional Ethernet adapter.

Network security remains an important issue for Network security remains an important issue for

WLANs. Random wireless clients must usually beWLANs. Random wireless clients must usually be

prohibited from joining the WLAN. Technologiesprohibited from joining the WLAN. Technologies

like WEP raise the level of security on wirelesslike WEP raise the level of security on wireless

networks to rival that of traditional wired networks.networks to rival that of traditional wired networks.

ItIt is alsois also wireless LANwireless LAN

Examples:Examples: For WLANs that connect to the Internet,For WLANs that connect to the Internet,

Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) technologyWireless Application Protocol (WAP) technology

allows Web content to be more easily downloaded toallows Web content to be more easily downloaded to

a WLAN and rendered on wireless clients like cella WLAN and rendered on wireless clients like cell

phones and PDAs.phones and PDAs.



Wireless Local Area Network Wireless Local Area Network AnAn Access point Access point is the interfaceis the interface

between the wired and wirelessbetween the wired and wireless

LAN . Can also useLAN . Can also use peer peer--toto--peer peer

mode to connect directly betweenmode to connect directly between

wireless terminals. Uses one or wireless terminals. Uses one or more of the "Wimore of the "Wi--Fi" (IEEE 802.11)Fi" (IEEE 802.11)

StandardsStandards² ² 802.11 legacy802.11 legacy -- 2.4 GHz band2.4 GHz band --

11--2 Mbit/s2 Mbit/s

802.11b802.11b -- 2.4 GHz band2.4 GHz band -- 6.56.5--11 11 Mbit/sMbit/s

802.11g802.11g -- 2.4 GHz band2.4 GHz band -- 1111--108 108 Mbit/sMbit/s

802.11a802.11a -- 5 GHz band5 GHz band -- 2525--54 54 Mbit/sMbit/s

802.11n802.11n -- 2.4/5 GHz band2.4/5 GHz band -- 200200--540 Mbit/s (draft standard)540 Mbit/s (draft standard)

A Wi-Fi router.

A Wi-Fi network.



As the term implies, aAs the term implies, a W AN W AN spans a large physicalspans a large physical

distance. The Internet is the largest WAN, spanning thedistance. The Internet is the largest WAN, spanning the

Earth.Earth.

A WAN is a geographicallyA WAN is a geographically--dispersed collection of LANs.dispersed collection of LANs.

A network device called a router connects LANs to aA network device called a router connects LANs to aWAN. In IP networking, the router maintains both a LANWAN. In IP networking, the router maintains both a LAN

address and a WAN address.address and a WAN address.

A WAN differs from a LAN in several important ways.A WAN differs from a LAN in several important ways.

Most WANs (like the Internet) are not owned by any oneMost WANs (like the Internet) are not owned by any one

organization but rather exist under collective or organization but rather exist under collective or

distributed ownership and management. WANs tend todistributed ownership and management. WANs tend to

use technology like ATM, Frame Relay and X.25 for use technology like ATM, Frame Relay and X.25 for

connectivity over the longer distances.connectivity over the longer distances.



Fig.:Fig.: A diagram showing a wide area networkA diagram showing a wide area network



Metropolitan area networks or MANs, are large computer networksusually spanning a city. They typically use wireless infrastructure orOptical fiber connections to link their sites.

IEEE definition-

The IEEE 802-2001 standard describes a MAN as being:´A MAN is optimized for a larger geographical area than a LAN,ranging from several blocks of buildings to entire cities. MANs canalso depend on communications channels of moderate-to-high datarates. A MAN might be owned and operated by a single organization,but it usually will be used by many individuals and organizations.

MANs might also be owned and operated as public utilities. They willoften provide means for internetworking of local networks.Metropolitan area networks can span up to 50km, devices used aremodem and wire/cable.



Fig.Fig.--A diagram showing a Metropolitan area networkA diagram showing a Metropolitan area network



� Campus Area Network - a network spanningmultiple LANs but smaller than a MAN, suchas on a university or local business campus.

�

Storage Area Network - connects servers todata storage devices through a technology likeFibre Channel.

� System Area Network - links high-

performance computers with high-speedconnections in a cluster configuration. Alsoknown as Cluster Area Network.

How to Set Computers on Network

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