MODIS MISR OMI How NASA Satellite Instruments Can Help Characterizing the Eyja Volcano Ash Plume Ralph Kahn 1 , David Nelson 2 , Mike Garay 2 , Dave Diner 3 , and the MISR Team Tianle Yuan 1 , Lorraine Remer 1 , Rob Levy 4 , and the MODIS Team Joanna Joiner 1 , Nick Krotkov 5 , ArlinKrueger 5 , and the OMI/TOMS Team 1 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; 2 Raytheon; 3 Jet Propulsion Lab/Caltech; 4 SSAI; 5 UMBC
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MODIS MISR
OMI
How NASA Satellite Instruments Can Help Characterizing the Eyja Volcano Ash Plume
Ralph Kahn1, David Nelson2, Mike Garay2, Dave Diner3, and the MISR TeamTianle Yuan1, Lorraine Remer1, Rob Levy4, and the MODIS TeamJoanna Joiner1, Nick Krotkov5, ArlinKrueger5, and the OMI/TOMS Team
Note: AI complements other remote-sensingaerosol products:
- Can retrieve aerosol over or mixed with cloud- Not sensitive to small, absorbing aerosol
below 2 km Smoke over North America
Index
13 km
24 km nadir footprint
Krotkov, aerocenter
UMBC UMBC SOSO22 Web SiteWeb Sitehttp://so2.umbc.edu/omi/
Presenter
Presentation Notes
OMI automatically creates images of the SO2 emissions for most active volcanic regions. Iceland page was added after Eyjafjallajokull volcano began erupting in March 2010 Eyjafjallaj… is one of the smallest glacier in Iceland. After seismic activity recorded during December 2009, a first eruption started on March 20, between 22:30 and 23:30 UT. April 14, 2010 After a brief stop, Eyjafjallaj eruption started again, but this time below the ice, resulting in a more explosive eruption April 15, 2010 10 UT alert from CNR-IMAA, Potenza to EARLINET stations informing about a large amount of ash is directing towards North-West of Europe. 13 UTC, Linkoping, Sweden Volcano ash not yet visible in Linkoping, probably washed out within the western landscapes of Sweden. A layer at about 2000 m rising from noon until afternoon 15/4. April 16, 2010 14:30 UT Minsk Belarus Appearance of dust layer at 14:28 UT at the altitude 8 km. Unfortunately, then clouds covered sky 15 UTC Leipzig, Germany Depolarising volcanic ash at about 3 and 4 to 6 km altitude is visible between a lot of clouds in the pbl (09 - 17 UT). 15:30 UTC Hamburg, Germany An intense ash plume reached Hamburg during the morning hours of April 16 and was easily detected by the lidar after a dense low-level cloud cover broke after sunrise. High altitude cirrus was observed. The cirrus may have been a direct result of the Island eruption, because the initial eruption also transported - aside from ash - significant amounts of water vapor into the tropopause region. Back-trajectory data indicate that the cirrus on April 16 was at least contaminated by volcanic ash. In the evening the ash enhancement below 3km started to pick up again
5/11/2010 Krotkov, aerocenter 12
SOSO22 30 April 2010 – Sector Iceland
NOAA/NESDIS OMI NearNOAA/NESDIS OMI Near--RealReal--Time Time Web SiteWeb SiteEuropean Mirror: http://sacs.aeronomie.be/nrt + GOME-2 & SCIAMACHY
In response to the Iceland eruption Iceland and North Western Europe sectors were added to the NOAA volcanic OMI NRT site: �http://satepsanone.nesdis.noaa.gov/pub/OMI/OMISO2/index.html Each sector shows SO2, clouds and Aerosol Index NRT images generated in NRT for the latest 8 orbits. The images are toggled by moving cursor across corresponding fields in the table. The latest orbital image is available within 3 hours of the acquisition of raw data. _______________________________________ From: Joiner, Joanna (GSFC-6133)Sent: Thursday, April 29, 2010 1:48 PMTo: Krotkov, Nickolay A. (GSFC-613.3)[UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE CO]Cc: Haynes, John A. (HQ-DK000); Zukor, Dorothy J. (GSFC-6100); Rodriguez, Jose M. (GSFC-6133); Joiner, Joanna (GSFC-6133); Lau, William K. (GSFC-6130); Starr, David O. (GSFC-6131); Platnick, Steven E. (GSFC-6132); White, Nicholas E., Dr (GSFC-6000); Murray, John J. (LARC-E303); Bhartia, Pawan K. (GSFC-6130); Considine, David B. (LARC-E303); Douglass, Anne R. (GSFC-6133); Duncan, Bryan N. (GSFC-6133)Subject: Re: question in anticipation of congressional hearings next week All, Just to elaborate on this, we call it near-real-time as opposed to real time because the first step in getting the data processed is that we have to wait for the next available downlink which could be as long as about 90 minutes. Then the data are brought to Goddard via the so-called bent pipe similar to what is done to distribute Aqua AIRS data to the numerical weather prediction community. The data are processed at Goddard and distributed to any institution that has registered to receive the data.This can be contrasted with direct broadcast data (we would call that real time) which can be downloaded as the satellite passes overhead and immediately processed with publicly available software. But only a limited amount of data (not an entire orbit) get broadcast. Aura OMI does have direct broadcast capability, but it is only currently utilized over Europe. The proprietary software to process the data has not been made publicly available despite having asked for it many times.SO2 and aerosol index products that we get from near-real-time processing do not currently get produced as part of the Finnish "very fast delivery" system (direct broadcast) over Europe. However, P.K. Bhartia informed us today that the OMI Science Advisory Board has now taken interest in producing these from the Finnish very fast delivery system. We plan to raise the direct broadcast issue (making software and data generally available to any site) again at the next OMI science team meeting in June since there is now so much interest in getting data as soon as possible after an eruption.I heard an NPR piece recently where they mentioned the other volcanoes that have erupted in the last few years (2 in Alaska and 1 in Russia) that spewed out ash that disrupted air traffic. We didn't hear as much about those eruptions because there was less air traffic in the affected areas to disrupt.Please feel free to jump in and correct if I have made any errors.Best,Joanna >> *From:* Haynes, John A. (HQ-DK000)> *Sent:* Thursday, April 29, 2010 11:52 AM> *To:* Krotkov, Nickolay A. (GSFC-613.3)[UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND > BALTIMORE CO]; Zukor, Dorothy J. (GSFC-6100); Rodriguez, Jose M. > (GSFC-6133); Joiner, Joanna (GSFC-6133); Lau, William K. (GSFC-6130); > Starr, David O. (GSFC-6131); Platnick, Steven E. (GSFC-6132); White, > Nicholas E., Dr (GSFC-6000)> *Cc:* Murray, John J. (LARC-E303); Bhartia, Pawan K. (GSFC-6130); > Joiner, Joanna (GSFC-6133)> *Subject:* question in anticipation of congressional hearings next week>> All,>> In preparing for Dr. Jack Kaye, Associate Director of NASA Earth > Science Research and Analysis, to testify next week to Congress on > volcanic ash monitoring � a question has arisen. As we are providing > near-real-time information on SO2 and ash aerosols from OMI to NOAA, > can we be more specific on what we mean by 渡ear real time�? In other > words, what is the latency period between collection of OMI data and > dissemination of products to NOAA/NESDIS? Thanks, in advance, for the > help.>> John>
MISR Stereo-Derived Plume HeightsPlume Heights03 May 2010 03 May 2010 Orbit 55180 Path 220 Blk 39 UT 13:04
D. Nelson and the MISR Team
0
2
4
km
Ht~ 3.83 km
D. Nelson and the MISR Team, JPL and GSFC
North
5
4
3
2
1
0km
km0
2
4
6
MISR Stereo-Derived Plume HeightsPlume Heights07 May 2010 07 May 2010 Orbit 55238 Path 216 Blk 40 UT 12:39
D. Nelson and the MISR Team
MISR Stereo-Derived Plume HeightsPlume Heights07 May 2010 07 May 2010 Orbit 55238 Path 216 Blk 40 UT 12:39
Height: Blue Blue = Wind-corrected
Plume 1
Plume 2
Ht~ 0.99 km
Ht~ 4.51 kmPlume 2
Plume 1
MISR Stereo-Derived Plume HeightsPlume Heights13 May 2010 13 May 2010 Orbit 55325 Path 210 Blk 41 UT 12:03
D. Nelson and the MISR Team
Ht~ 2.21 km
km0
2
4
6
MISR Stereo-Derived Plume HeightsPlume Heights16 May 2010 16 May 2010 Orbit 55369 Path 215 Blk 40 UT 12:33
D. Nelson and the MISR Team
Ht~ 6.51 km
0
2
4
km
6
8
MISR Eyja Near-Source CoverageCoverage
MISR Team, JPL and GSFC
Path 217
Path 218Path 219Path 220Path 221
Path 216
Path 215
Path 214
Path 213
Path 212
Path 211
MISR Eyja Near-Source CoverageCoverageMay-December 2010
MISR Team, JPL and GSFC
Site Date Orbit Path Block UT Timex-Track
(km) Lat Lon#555t 22-May-10 55456 209 40 11:52:31 26.0 E 62.25 -5.23
#554t 23-May-10 55471 216 39 12:35:26 172.2 E 62.94 -12.4
#555t 24-May-10 55485 207 40 11:40:17 126.3 W 62.25 -5.23
#554t 25-May-10 55500 214 40 12:23:14 26.6 E 62.94 -12.4
#553t 26-May-10 55515 221 39 13:06:09 166.3 E 63.63 -19.6
#554t 27-May-10 55529 212 40 12:11:00 122.1 W 62.94 -12.4
#553t 28-May-10 55544 219 39 12:53:56 24.5 E 63.63 -19.6
#555t 29-May-10 55558 210 40 11:58:39 101.6 E 62.25 -5.23
#553t 30-May-10 55573 217 39 12:41:43 120.4 W 63.63 -19.6
#555t 31-May-10 55587 208 40 11:46:26 49.3 W 62.25 -5.23
#554t 1-Jun-10 55602 215 39 12:29:22 100.2 E 62.94 -12.4
#554t 3-Jun-10 55631 213 40 12:17:09 47.1 W 62.94 -12.4
#553t 4-Jun-10 55646 220 39 13:00:04 96.1 E 63.63 -19.6
#555t 5-Jun-10 55660 211 40 12:04:47 176.5 E 62.25 -5.23
#553t 6-Jun-10 55675 218 39 12:47:51 47.5 W 63.63 -19.6
#555t 7-Jun-10 55689 209 40 11:52:34 26.8 E 62.25 -5.23
#554t 8-Jun-10 55704 216 39 12:35:29 173.1 E 62.94 -12.4
#555t 9-Jun-10 55718 207 40 11:40:20 125.5 W 62.25 -5.23
#554t 10-Jun-10 55733 214 40 12:23:16 27.2 E 62.94 -12.4
Etc…
A Few Additional Thoughts
What might help:
• More airborne samples airborne samples of volcanic ash & other aerosols
• Better optical models optical models for volcanic ash
• A study of the relationships among source source energeticsenergetics, plume heightplume height, & atmospheric stability atmospheric stability structure
• Including AERONET AERONET column AOD in the mix of data
Seems like an opportunity to effect better communicationbetter communicationamong resources, and not just for this volcanic eruption