How did Hitler become Chancellor in 1933?
How did Hitler become Chancellor in 1933?
ALL OF US will be able to give reasons why Hitler became
Chancellor and extract information from sources. (E3-D2)
EVEN BETTER IF you can explain reasons how Hitler became
Chancellor use your own knowledge to explain why a source is/nt
useful. (D1-B3)
EXCELLENT IF you can comment on how the authorship of a source
affects its view and use your own knowledge to judge the extent to
which a source supports a specific view. (B2-A1)1
Steps to chancellorship: The failure of the Munich Putsch (trial
and subsequent fame; Mein Kampf; focus on becoming elected rather
than taking power. Wall Street Crash.Weakness of Weimar
Republic.Fear of communism.Use of propaganda and Hitlers
appeal.Political Scheming.
30th January, 19332
Structure of the Weimar Republic3
Friedrich EbertFirst President of Weimar Republic
One of the first actions of the new republic was to sign the
armstice to end WWI. (Which Germany was losing) Many in the army
saw this as the government stabbing them in the back.
Why did the Weimar Republic have so many problems? Use of
Proportional Representation voting system meant that it was hard
for one political party to gain control and make decisions to
effectively run the country.
Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh reparations and took mineral
rich lands from Germany, crippling her and leading to issues such
as hyperinflation crisis and dependence on loans from America.Many
Germans saw this as a betrayl and saw this government as the
November Criminals.All of this led many Germans to want a strong
leader who could run the country.
4 Terms included the army being limited to 100,000 and having no
air force. Also, having large parts of Germany taken away and the
Rhineland being demilitarised so that Germany could not attack
Germany. As well as this Germany had to pay reparations to France
and Belgium, these would lead to many economic problems for Germany
in the 1920s.
Much resentment towards the Weimar Republic for signing this
agreement.
Treaty of Versailles
Signed by the incoming Weimar government at the end of World War
One. They had no choice in signing this agreement.
By signing this document the government accepted responsibility
for the war on behalf of Germany.5Despite failing to spark a
revolution, how could the Putsch be seen as a good thing for Hitler
and the Nazis?
Hitler used his trial as a platform to share his goals and
grievances with a wider audience.There was lots of media coverage
of the trial which brought Hitler to a wider audience outside
Bavaria.Hitler realised that to destroy democracy, he would have to
be elected into power..Hitler spent his time in prison writing Mein
Kampf which set out his vision for Germany and his role within
that.Hitler realise that to have political success the Nazi Party
would have to grow, so deals were made to merge with other right
wing parties.
Due to their attempt to overthrow government, the Nazi Party was
banned, and Hitler was banned from public speaking until 1927.WHY
WAS THE MUNICH PUTSCH IMPORTANT TO HITLER6HOW DID THE WALL STREET
CRASH (1929) HELP HITLER BECOME CHANCELLOR?
Wall Street Crash in America led to high unemployment in
Germany. By 1932 6 million unemployed and the government had failed
to resolve situation.
Working class begin to look to Nazis and Communists as they
offer clear and simple solutions to their problem.
Rich Industrialists and the Middle Classes are scared of
communism so many put their support behind Nazis, including
financial support.
Massive propaganda campaign delivering simple message, and all
the chaos seemed to prove Hitlers point that strong, singular
leadership was what Germany needed.
In 1928 election Nazis won 2.6% of seats. By 1932 the Nazis
won37.3% of seats.
7Use of uniforms and military styling appealed to many as it
showed a structure and organisation that many felt that Germany
lacked.
At times of desperation and high unemployment, Nazis offered
clear solutions to the problems of the German people. Also Nazi
message was clear, simple, and often repeated.
Many rich industrialists supported the Nazis as they saw them as
their defence against communism, under which they would lose their
wealth. Hitler represented the strong singular leadership that many
Germans wanted, rather than the democracy they had been offered
since the abdication of the Kaiser.
What was the appeal of the Nazis?
8PROPAGANDA
During the years 1929-33 the Nazis increased their support
through propaganda.
Held many rallies, displayed banners and posters in prominent
places so that the Nazis appeared to be everywhere.
Goebbels ensured that the Nazi message was simple and regularly
repeated, on the radio and in the 120 weekly and daily newspapers
that the Nazis owned and were read by hundreds of thousands of
Germans. Arbeit und Brot
Propaganda on this scale was only possible due to the massive
financial backing that the Nazis received from rich industrialists
scared of communism, and National Party leader Alfred Hugenberg who
allowed from pro Nazi/anti Weimar articles to be ran in his
newspapers.
THE SUCCESS OF THE PROPAGANDA WAS EVIDENT FROM THE RESULTS OF
THE 1932 PRESITENTIAL ELECTION. HITLER STOOD AGAINST HINDENBURG,
HITLER FLEW AROUND THE COUNTRY CAMPAIGNING, HINDENBURG DID NOT.
HINDENBURG WON AFTER TWO ROUNDS OF VOTING (19.36 MILLION TO HITLERS
13.42 MILLION)9Chancellor Bruning resigned as Chancellor in May
1932 due to his inability to win support for his policies. He was
replaced by von Papen of the Centre Party. (the fourth biggest
party in the Reichstag)
Chancellor BruningChancellor von PapenMy party do not have many
seats in the Reichstag, which large party could I make a coalition
with?10
Chancellor von PapenI called a general election for July 1932,
how do you think that went?NASDAP = Nazi
SPD = Social Democrats
KPD = Communists
Zentrum = Centre PartyShould I still be Chancellor?
As the leader of the largest party in the Reichstag I believe
that I should be made Chancellor!230 seats and 37.3% of the
vote.11
Not a chance mate!Why do you think Hindenburg refused the make
Hitler Chancellor?At the meeting in August 1932 Hindenburg refused
to offer Hitler the Chancellorship. He could not answer, he said,
before God, his conscience and the fatherland, if he handed over
the entire power of the government to a single party and one which
was intolerant towards those with different views.Despite Hitlers
demands for the role of Chancellor von Papen stayed on in the role
at Hindenburgs request. Von Papen though the Nazis were a flash in
the pan and ordered a new election for November 1932.12
NASDAP = Nazi
SPD = Social Democrats
KPD = Communists
Zentrum = Centre PartyNazis win 196 seats and 33.1% of the vote.
Centre Party wins 70 seats and 11.0% of the vote.
Lets abolish the constitution! No? Im off!13
As very few people trusted or supported von Papen, I Kurt von
Scheicher was made chancellor. I attempted to form a huge coalition
but I didnt really work and upset the Nazis.14
Chancellor von Papen
Adolf HitlerI know weve had our differences butVon Papen was so
desperate to return to power he met with Hitler in January 1933 and
decided that Hitler should lead with him a Chancellor. Hitler could
be controlled.
Many rich industrialists got behind this plan as they believed
that Hitler would save Germany from a possible communist
revolution.15
A strong figurehead ehVon Papen convinced Hindenburg that Hitler
would be a figurehead to bring back stability but that he could be
controlled. On 30 January 1933 Hitler succeeded in becoming
Chancellor by legal and democratic means.So what was political
scheming and how did it help Hitler to become Chancellor?16
20 minutesComplete task four on page 107.
Complete task one on page 129.
Complete task eight on page 122.
Complete task two on page 124.
Complete task eight on page 116.ALL OF US will be able to give
reasons why Hitler became Chancellor and extract information from
sources. (E3-D2)
EVEN BETTER IF you can explain reasons how Hitler became
Chancellor use your own knowledge to explain why a source is/nt
useful. (D1-B3)
EXCELLENT IF you can comment on how the authorship of a source
affects its view and use your own knowledge to judge the extent to
which a source supports a specific view. (B2-A1)17
X
X
How did Hitler go from a democratically elected Chancellor to
the Fuhrer?!?!?18
How did the Reichstag Fire help Hitler to consolidate
power?!?!?Hitler became Chancellor on 30th January 1933 and called
for a new election on 5th March 1933 as he did not want to work
with other parties.Reichstag was burned down one week before these
elections, and blamed on a communist found at the scene. (Marinus
van der Lubbe)Hitler used this as an excuse for a massive
propaganda campaign against the Communists, suggesting they wanted
to destroy democracy.Convinced Hindenburg to pass the Decree for
the Protection of People and State which gave Hitler the power to
round up political opposition (particularly Communists). Non Nazis
were unable to hold meetings in run up to election.Nazis won 43.9%
of vote in March 1933 election.19
How did the Enabling Act help Hitler to consolidate power?!?!?
Despite having combining with National Party to gain a majority in
Reichstag, Hitler needed two thirds of the seats to make the
changes to the Constitution that he wanted.Enabling Bill would give
Hitler full governmental powers for next four years. In the vote`
for the bill communist members were not allowed to vote, the SA was
used to intimidate politicians as they entered the building. Also,
Hitler gains support of Catholic centre party by promising not to
interfere with Catholic schools. Law was passed, 444 votes to 94.
Effectively the end of democracy and regarded as the foundation
stone of the Third Reich. Leads to suspension of civil liberties,
control of media, censorship, and the implementation of
Gleichschaltung.20
X
XHow did banning political parties and trade unions help Hitler
to consolidate power?2nd May 1933 trade unions were banned and
replaced by the DAF.Trade Unions could have organised workers
resistance against the Nazis through strike actions, this was now
not possible as strikes were banned.Law Against the Formation of
Political Parties passed on 14th July 1933 made Nazi party the only
legal political party in Germany.After the Social Democrat Party
had its assets seized all other parties disbanded voluntarily.In
November 1933 election Nazis won 95.2% of the vote.21
How did the Night of Long Knives help Hitler to consolidate
power?!?!? The SA had grown in number to nearly two million,
compared to the 100,000 of the German army.Army felt threatened by
Rohm, who wanted the army incorporated into his SA. Many in the SA
were working class and held socialist views. (Wealth should be
redistributed to the poor). Rohm had TOO MUCH POWER. Rohm and
others were homosexuals.Hitler wanted the support of the German
army to make his rule legitimate. At 3am on 30th June 1934,
hundreds of regional SA leaders and Rohm were arrested on Hitlers
orders, taken to prison, and shot dead. The murders were committed
by Hitlers own black-shirted SS guards, who were fiercely loyal to
him. Removed a major source of opposition, sealed the support of
the German Army, Hitler showed how he would deal with threats to
his power.22
How did the death of Hindenburg help Hitler to consolidate
power?!?!?Last threat to Hitlers power was President Hindenburg who
was old and frail.In August 1934 Hindenburg died (of natural
causes). Hitler now combined his role with that of President and
became Commander-in-Chief of the army.Hitler held a referendum on
19th August to get public backing and 90% of the voters supported
his becoming the Fuhrer.23