How did Hitler become Chancellor in 1933?

How did Hitler become Chancellor in 1933?

L/O: To explain why the Nazis had little support in 1928To explain how the depression affected Germany

To link this to how Hitler came to power

Nazi policies and beliefs 1919-291. Hitler’s speeches gave people scapegoats to blame for Germany’s problems:

• The Allies.• The Versailles Treaty and the ‘November Criminals’ (the politicians who signed it).• The Communists, and:• The Jews.

2. Twenty-five Point ProgrammeIn 1920, the party renamed itself the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazis), and announced its Twenty-Five Point Programme. At first, the Nazis were both nationalist (they believed in Germany’s greatness) and socialist (they believed the state should benefit everybody equally).

3. Mein KampfAfter the failure of the Munich Putsch in 1923, Hitler was sent to Landsberg jail. There he wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) advocating:• National Socialism – loyalty to Germany, racial purity, equality and state control of the economy.

• Racism – the triumph of the Aryan race by armed force, because all races, especially the Jews, were inferior to the Aryan (pure German) ‘Master Race’.

• Lebensraum – to expand into Poland and Russia to get ‘Living Space’.

• Strong Government – complete obedience to the Führer.

4. OrganisationAt first, there were a number of people involved in running the party, but Hitler soon became the sole boss, and he built up the organisation so that he was unquestioned leader.

Who would have voted for the Nazi’s

Task: Go through the 25 point plan and answer the

questions provided.

Re-organising the Party In this period, however, Hitler set about reorganising the Party.   He put in place many of the things which helped it take power after 1928:  •      He reduced the number of Stormtroopers (SA) and set up the SS, a personal bodyguard fanatically loyal to himself.

•      He set up a network of local parties.   He merged with other right-wing parties, then took them over.

•      He set up the Hitler Youth, which attracted young people to the party.

•      He put Josef Goebbels in charge of propaganda. Goebbels and Hitler believed that the best way to get the support of the masses was by appealing to their feelings rather than by argument.   They waged a propaganda campaign using posters, leaflets, radio and film, and organised rallies.

•      He cultivated the support of wealthy businessmen promising them that, if he came to power, he would destroy Communism and the Trade Unions.   This gave him the finance to run his campaigns.

Nazi policies and beliefs 1919-29

After the failure of the Munich Putsch, Hitler decided that he would have to get power by being elected, rather than by rebellion. However, he was banned from speaking until 1928.

1928 – 1933 – what changed?Date of Election

Jan 1919

Jun 1920

May 1924

Dec 1924

May 1928

Sep 1930

Jul 1932

Nov 1932

Mar 1933

SPD Social Democrats 165 102 100 131 153 143 133 121 120Communists KPD/USPD 22 88 62 45 54 77 89 101 81Centre Party (Catholics) 91 64 65 69 62 68 75 70 74DDP (Democrats) 75 39 28 32 25 20 4 2 5Right-wing parties (BVP/ DVP/DNVP)

63 157 156 174 134 90 66 83 72NSDAP (Nazis)

    32 14 12 107 230 196 288Others 7 9 29 29 51 72 11 12 7Total Deputies 423 459 472 493 491 577 608 584 647

Source FSupport for the Nazi Party had grown due to the country's problems of hyperinflation and the French invasion of the Ruhr.   By 1928 Nazism appeared to be a dying cause.   Now that Germany's outlook was suddenly bright, the Nazi Party was rapidly withering away.   One scarcely heard of Hitler or the Nazis except as a joke.William Shirer, The Rise and Fall

of the Third Reich (1959)William Shirer was an American journalist who lived in Germany

from 1926 to 1941.  

Number of Unemployed1928     2 million

1929     2.5 million1930     3 million1931     5 million1932     6 million

Clip http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fXhLHZC2_-4

1. What do you think the phrase “When America sneezes the rest of the world catches a cold” means?

2. What is Wall Street?3. When the market fell what did Wall Street feel?

D_______________4. How many American companies closed in a short time?5. Why did the Wall Street Crash impact on other

countries… in particular Germany?6. What happened to German industry?7. How many people were unemployed in Germany in

1932?

1928 – 1933 – what changed?

Wall Street Crash – 1929In 1929 the American stock market crashed in Wall Street and this resulted in a world wide economic depression (like the one we have just seen!)How was Germany affected by this?

This poster of 1932 says: ‘Hitler – our last hope

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXkSCZdq0Sg

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bPq33t6CT4U

Economic Effects of the Wall Street Crash

• America recalled all of it’s loans from Germany (lent under the Dawes Plan in 1924)

• German businesses could not survive and closed• Germany could not sell as many exports as other

countries were in depression and did not want to buy and more businesses closed

• Unemployment rose from 2 million in 1929 to 6 million in 1932 and 4/10 Germans were unemployed

• People were filled with hopelessness and despair as many lost their homes

Task: Why did people support the Nazi’s?

Gordon Craig: Fear! Goebbels: Belief in Nazi ideas!

Task: 1) Go through the sources / text with two different colours

e.g. BLUE – CraigRED – Goebbels

2) Cut out the sources and write examples for evidence for each of these views!

3) You decide – MARK OUT OF TEN!

a) Very few people fully supported the Nazisb) The main reason was the effects of the depression

c) The blame was with the Weimar politicians

Explain your views!

How did the depression help Hitler?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msD11enFwi8&index=6&list=PLvsS9mRi0sXZUV5-cpbExkKJDMEEFUmyn

Political Effects of the Wall Street Crash

• Extremist parties like the Nazis and the Communists grew in popularity as they promised jobs.

• The Middle classes feared the Communists who were gaining in popularity and voted for the Nazis who said they would crush them

• The Weimar Government failed to deal with the crisis effectively and lost the public’s support

• President Hindenburg had to use Article 48 as the Chancellor at the time (Bruning) did not have a majority in the Reichstag.

• Bruning was blamed for the crisis and was nicknamed the “hunger Chancellor” as he refused to spend money to help

• Bruning had to resign in May 1932 and during his time as Chancellor the Nazi Party had had many successes e.g. in the 1930 election they won 107 seats and were the second biggest party in the Reichstag

How did Hitler become Chancellor in 1933?

LIMP

PAPER

Long-term bitterness

Ineffective Constitution

Money

Propaganda

Programme

Attacks on other parties

Personal Qualities

Economic Depression

Recruited by Hindenburg

Complete:Cue cards / notes / diagrams / posters to explain all the things

that helped Hitler come to power!