Household and family resources

Household and family resources

Emily Grundy, LSHTM.


Background Major changes in the living arrangements of older

people and large declines in intergenerational co-residence.

Implications for support services needed for older people with disabilities, demands for housing of various types and household durables and consumables.

Also implications for well-being of older people The Madrid Plan of Action adopted at the Second

World Assembly on Ageing in 2002 called for research on the advantages and disadvantages of different living arrangements for older people.

Proportion (%) of elderly men and women living in households with two or more generations, England and Wales, 1971 and 2001(private household population).

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

65-9 70-4 75-9 80-4 85+

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

65-9 70-4 75-9 80-4 85+

1971 2001

Men Women

Source: Analysis of ONS LS data.


Questions What factors influence household patterns of older

people are how are these likely to change? Do family and household resources (numbers of close

relatives; living arrangements) influence social participation, health and well-being?

Overall aim To improve our understanding of the determinants

household type and household transitions (and, in other work packages, use this in projections,) and improve our understanding of the implications of household, family and broader social support for well-being and receipt of help.


Data and methods

1) Analysis of demographic and other determinants of household type and household type transitions using the Office for national Statistics Longitudinal Study

2) Analysis of links between family availability, family contacts and contacts with friends and overall social participation using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

All analyses to examine socio-economic differentials and associations with indicators of health.

Household and family resources: Analyses based on ONS LS1) Cross sequential analyses of ONS LS to illuminate

trends and variations in intergenerational co-residence and proportions moving to live with relatives or to institutional care

2) More detailed analysis of household transitions 1991-2001 in ONS LS.

The ONS Longitudinal Study of England & Wales

Census data for individuals with one of four birthdates enumerated at the 1971 Census (c. 1% of population)

Maintained through addition of immigrants and new births with LS birth date

Information from later censuses (1981, 91 & 2001) added

Linked event data including death of the spouse of sample members and deaths of sample members.

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011

Birth ofChild

Birth ofChild Census Emigration Re-entry

Death ofSpouse Census Cancer Death

Proportion (%) of people aged 65 and over who changed family/household type between censuses; 1971-81; 1981-91; 1991-2001 by age and family/household type at start of decade

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

So

lita

ry

MC

on

ly

MC

+

LP

+o

the

rs

Co

mp

lex

All

So

lita

ry

MC

on

ly

MC

+

LP

+o

the

rs

Co

mp

lex

All

65-74 75+

Age and family/household type at start of decade

Pe

rce

nt

71-81

81-91

91-01

Source: Analysis of ONS LS data (earlier decades from Glaser & Grundy 1998)

Proportion (%) of people aged 65 and over who remained at same address & in same family/household type at succeeding censuses; 1971-81; 1981-91; 1991-2001 by age and family/household type at start of decade

Source: Analysis of ONS LS data (earlier decades from Glaser & Grundy 1998)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100S

olit

ary

MC

on

ly

MC

+

LP

+o

the

rs

Co

mp

lex

All

So

lita

ry

MC

on

ly

MC

+

LP

+o

the

rs

Co

mp

lex

All

65-74 75+

Age and family/household type at start of decade

Pe

rce

nt

71-81

81-91

91-01

% of women aged 65+ in 1991 in a communal establishment by 2001 and odds of transition to a communal establishment by parity.

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 1 2 3 4+

Parity (no. of births)

Od

ds

of

entr

y to

co

mm

un

al e

stab

lish

men

t

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

0 1 2 3 4+

Parity (no. of births)

%

Odds ratios (95% CI) % changing from private household in 1991 to communal establishment by 2001

Source: Analysis of ONS Longitudinal Study data

controlling for age, marital status, household type in 1991, health indicators and housing tenure.

Results of logistic regression model of proportions making a transition from a private to an institutional household 1991-2001

OR 95% CI PAge 1.14 1.13-1.15 **

Gender (ref. male) 1.14 1.02-1.27 *

Marital status in 2001 (ref. married)

Never-married 5.92 4.84-7.24 **

Wid./div. 3.63 3.10-4.25 **

Tenure in 1991 (ref. owner)

Not owner 1.24 1.13-1.15 **

Long term illness in 2001 (ref none) 9.35 7.63-11.46 **

Long term illness in 1991 (ref none) 1.26 1.14-1.38 **

Region in 1991 (ref South)

Central 0.93 0.81-1.05 NS

North 1.15 1.03-1.27 *

Wales 0.94 0.77-1.15 NS

*P<0.05; **P<0.001 Source: Analysis of ONS Longitudinal Study data

Household and family resources: English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA)

Two waves of data in 2002 and 2004 (third wave should be available within timescale of project)

Cross-sectional dataset of population aged 60+ in Wave One – 7146 people

Longitudinal dataset of population aged 60+ in Wave One and present at Wave Two – 5443 people

Odds from logistic regression of being depressed compared with those living with a

spouse only, people aged 60+ in England, ELSA 2002

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Spouse & others Alone Non-spouse others

Living arrangement

Od

ds

ra

tio

This model controlled for gender, age, smoking, wealth, housing tenure, contact with This model controlled for gender, age, smoking, wealth, housing tenure, contact with relatives, contact with friends, membership of social organisations and self-rated relatives, contact with friends, membership of social organisations and self-rated health statushealth status

ELSA

Coefficient from linear regression of loneliness compared with those living with a spouse only,

people aged 60+ in England, ELSA 2002-4

-0.5

0

0.5

1


Living arrangement

Co

eff

icie

nt

This model controlled for gender, age, contact with relatives, contact with friends, membership of social organisations, health status at wave one, presence of depression at wave 1

ELSA

Household and family resources: timescale

Most primary analysis 2007-8 (12 months of R.A. available)

Interactive input projection models throughout.

Suggestions appreciated.

Odds of having poor self-rated health compared with those living with a spouse only, people aged

60+ in England, ELSA 2002

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6


Living arrangement

Od

ds

ra

tio

This model controlled for gender, age, smoking, wealth, housing tenure, contact with This model controlled for gender, age, smoking, wealth, housing tenure, contact with relatives, contact with friends, membership of social organisations and self-rated relatives, contact with friends, membership of social organisations and self-rated health statushealth status

ELSA

Household and family resources

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