Hospitality and tourism management

HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT

BY-

TRISHTY KHANDELWAL

Meaning Of Tourism

• Tourism is travelling for recreational, leisure, family or business purposes, usually for a ltd duration.Tourism is mainly associated with trans national level, but may also refer to travel to another location within the same country.

• It is important to preserve and protect our natural resources , culture and traditions and for this tourism is a vital factor.

• Tourism is not only concerned with the movement of people but also includes various other service providing agencies.Themovement of people is temporary in nature as it goes up to a maximum of 1 year., but the imapct on allied service industry is long lasting , which gives a boost to the economy, creating job opportunities.

• Tourism involves a break from the daily routine, offering peace of mind and cultural changes in the lifestyle.

• The entire tourism process undergoes 3 phases starting from first phase which involves the movement of the person from his/her usual environment. Second phase is the destination and its access to the visitor, where he/she enjoys the tour. Third phase is concerned with returning from the tour/destination to the usual environment.

• Various factors like purpose of travel, mode of travel, holiday, health , culture, religion, sports, adventure, fairs and festivals, business etc have promoted it to an entertaining and joyful activity.

• DEFINITION AND CONCEPT

• The word tourism is derived from the word ‘Torah’ which means study or search or tour.

• In Indian context the sanskrit word Paryatan describes tourism as leaving one place to travel for the purpose of rest and for gaining

of knowledge.• Acc to (WTO), tourism is the movement of people away from

normal place of residence and work for a period of not less than 24 hrs to not more than 1 year.

• ELEMENTS OF TOURISM

• Pleasing Weather- This plays a vital role in making holiday or tours a pleasant or unpleasant experience.that is why fine weather and warm sunshine attracts tourists very much and tourists enjoy holidays at such destinations

• Scenic Attractions- Sceneries consists of mountains, lakes, waterfalls, glaciers, waterfalls,forests, desserts etc.Thousandsof tourists are attracted by various tourists desinations like Himalayan mountain slopes in India etc.

• Historical and Cultural factors- Historical and Cultural inheritance plays a vital role in influencing the travellers. A large no. of tourists are attracted towards the historical places and forts. People visit agra for Taj Mahal, Ajanta Ellora caves are also famous, Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy etc.

• Accessibility- Tourism phenomenon is incomplete

without the proper accessibility to the tourist destinations.Allkinds of transport facilities should be provided . Distance factor also plays an impt role in determining a tourist choice

of destination. Longer distant places cost much more than

shorter distant places

• Amenities / Facilities- Tourists centres cannot work without basic amenities.For eg it is very impt to have a swimming , boating and surfing facilities at a sea side resort.Basicamenities are of two types-

• Natural amenities- includes facilities like Beaches, bathing fishing, climbing, trekking, and viewing.

• Man made amenities-includes dancing, camel safari, cultural events etc.

TOURIST DESTINATIONS , SERVICE & INDUSTRY

• Tourist Destinations

• 1 Natural Interest Areas- Adventure sports- Mountain trekking areas, snow sporting, water sports, para gliding areas.

• Mountain & Hills

• Beaches- Sea side resorts, River side resorts

• 2 Wildlife surroundings- Wildlife Sanctuaries, National Parks.

• 3 Heritage culture areas- Pilgrim Centres, Art Galleries-

• Art galleries- Memorials, Historical Monuments

• Natural interest areas- nature has developed a no. of

areas in almost every part of the world attracting people to

enjoy the gift of nature through the phenomena of tourism.

besides hills, resorts, beaches the natural interest areas also

includes paragliding, river rafting, snow sporting, etc.

himalayas in the northern part, arawallis in the west, nilgiris in

south are the beautiful eg for nature tourism.

• Wildlife Tourism Destinations- Biological diversity

has played a vital role in the development of wildlife tourism

in the form of sanctuaries, wet lands, all types of national

parks,and unlimited range of flora and fauna around the

world.India is one of the top wild life tourist

destinations.starting from kashmir valley in the north, to

Periyer and Bandipur national parks in the south, and

Kaziranga national park of Assam to Ranthambore and Gir in

western parts of India.

• Heritage culture destination- Tourist across the

world visit India every month to enjoy the Unity and Diversity

of Indian culture. India has got the great diversity in the

culture, customs, and tradition offering tourists the choice of

various locations as per their fondness . havelis, forts, exotic

historical monuments provides eye catchy memory to the

visitors. For eg Taj Mahal, sanchi stupa, Holi, Diwali shows

the depth of Indian culture.

Types of Tourists

• A tourist is a person who travels to a country other than his/ her country of origin or moves to a place within the country of origin but outside his/her normal environment for a minimum of 24 hrs and not exceeding 1 year.

• 1) Visitor- a visitor is a person visiting another countryor

his/her own country for less than 1 year without any purpose of work.

External visitor- who travels to a country other than his/ her origin country

Internal visitor-travels in the origin country .

• 2) Traveller- A travelller is a person who moves from one

location to other. The examples of theseb travellers includes diplomats, workers, nomads etc. the time duration of travel in traveller is no limit.

• 3) Excursionist- an excursionist refers to a temporary visitor who visits a place for less than 24 hrs. the example of these kinds of visitors may include a one day excursion tour of school or college students.

TYPES OF TOURISM• Intra regional tourism- This is the type of tourism in which the tourist

traffic flows to and from countries of the same region of the globe. Intra regional tourism is an important component of international tourism as the flow of the tourist goes internationally between two or more nations of the same region.

• Inter- Regional Tourism- Inter regional tourism refers to the tourism

practice where the flow of tourist goes from one region to another region internationally. This is also a kind of International tourism as the movement

occurs between two or more different regions of the world.

• Inbound Tourism- this type of tourism refers to the condition where a

tourist is entering into a country. Here, a person is entering into a country other than the origin country.

• Outbound Tourism- This situation belongs to a tourist who is leaving his/

her country of origin for another country. Here,the person leaves the country of origin for the country/ destination.

• International Tourism-• This kind of Tourism is the movement of inbound and outbound tourists across the

borders, where tourists are exploring a new tourism environment, entering into a new country or by leaving their country of origin for experiencing new destinations .this tourism requires lots of legal formalities like a valid visa , passport ,currency exchange etc.

• Domestic Tourism• This type of tourism activity refers to the condition where the tourist of a given

country move within the boundary of his/ her origin country. In this type of tourism activity borders of nation are not crossed by the travellere. There is no change of currency , Language, and does not require any formalities like visa, passport and immigration.

• Alternative Tourism• This type of tourism can be defined as tourism which allows both guest and host to

enjoy positive and worthwhile interaction through natural, social and community values.this tourism involves the conservation of environmental and its sustainability and well being of the local people.the phenomenon of tourism under this category is totally different .these tourists does not prefer the regular accommodation, food, transport facilities. It is explored with local friends or people knowing religious, cultural, social, tourism environment of the area.

.• Sustainable Tourism-• Sustainable tourism development meets the needs of present

generation tourist while protecting and enhancing opportunities for the future.The objectives of sustainable tourism are-

• The conservation of natural , cultural, and other resources of tourism for the continuous use in future

• Proper strategies to be formulated to overcome the serious

problems of environmental and socio cultural processes.• Maintain the overall quality of the tourism area with its

improvisation.

• Tourism benefits to be widely spread among all members of society.

E commerce and online communication in Tourism

• Online communication is continuously increasing day by day despite all the economic problems of the travellers in this field. The acceptance of e Commerce in tourism industry has witnessed rapid global change in terms of accessing tourism products and services. Online transactions is just not concerned with gathering information, but also helps in ordering and enjoying various tourism facilities, services and products.

Various online tourism services are as follows-:

• Booking Of travel ticket.

• Booking for accommodation.

• Food and dining facilities ordered online

• Online guide facility

• Booking for various tourist attractions

• Gathering information about people, place, culture, tourist attraction etc.

Need of E commerce in tourism industry

• The key to online transactions in tourism industry is its easy and less time consuming feature which makes it popular and handy for the tourists in planning and organizing their tour.

• The process like selection of tourist destinations, travel plan, arranging travel tickets, booking hotels and other accomodations, enjoying various tourism services are very time consuming if performed manually, which signify the need of online services by which one can avail all these services at one touch justifying the need of e- commerce.

Online communication channel

• Online communication channel for promoting tourism in today’s techno savvy world. Due to rapid growth in tourism and in hospitality industry, the organisation is needed to be connected with each other in terms of diversifyngtheir franchises and operations of the new chains. Some internet communication channels are the requirement cum necessity of today’s tourism industry.

• Company website- Providing information about the company and

products offered.

• Product website- these work as sub channels of company website

providing detailed features of the concerned tourism products.

• E- mail- fast and forwarding mode of communication between tourist and

service provider

• Social Networks- Create , manage and grow your social networks . Few

important social networking sites in todays generation are facebook, twitter, whatsapp, viber etc.

• Search engines-• These are online Searching tools containing almost all sort of

information. The evolution of search engines has brought revolution

in the field of sharing and accessing information.

• Google maps and GPS-: • These are location finder tools concerned with providing exact

location and directions for various destinations with intermediaries services