History of the Modern World Great War’s End: Forging the Peace 1918-1922 Mrs. McArthur Walsingham Academy Room 111 Mrs. McArthur Walsingham Academy Room.

History of the Modern WorldHistory of the Modern WorldGreat War’s End: Forging the Peace

1918-1922

Mrs. McArthur

Walsingham Academy

Room 111

Mrs. McArthur

Walsingham Academy

Room 111

Color Transparency 160: The Fourteen Points

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The Costs of War

Influenza had spread among the troops at the end of the war and went home with them to their

families and neighbors. The loss of lives from the flu and the war and the costs of rebuilding war-

ravaged cities made some countries and colonies vulnerable to revolt.

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World War I and the Russian Revolution

Witness History Audio: Worth Cost? Vera Brittain

Pie Charts: Central Powers’ Casualties

Pie Charts: Allied Casualties

Graph: The Costs of War

Note Taking Transparency 172A

Section 4: Making the Peace, pp. 834-838

What is Brittain’s reaction to the peace negotiations? Why?

The Paris Peace Conference

The Allies met in Paris to decide what the outcome of the war would be for Europe. President

Wilson wanted to advance his Fourteen Points, which would bring “peace without victory.” The

British Prime Minister wanted to rebuild England on a grand scale, while France’s leader wanted

to see Germany punished.

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Section 4: Making the Peace

Note Taking Transparency 172B

The Treaty of Versailles

Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles, which narrowed German borders and as

well as saddling the country with the costs of war reparations. For a country whose economy was

already reeling, the debt would prove too costly.

Geography Interactive: Europe, 1914 and 1920

The Outcome of the Peace Settlements

Other treaties also went into effect. In Eastern Europe, the Allies created new nations, such as

Poland and Yugoslavia. Previously German-ruled colonies in Africa and Asia were administered

by other Western powers. The League of Nations was also established, although without U.S.

participation.

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Section 4: Making the Peace, pp. 834-838

Progress Monitoring Transparency

Summary: Peace Settlements, 1919

•Only victors invited to participate: Heads of state attend: Wilson, Lloyd George, Clemenceau and Orlando

•Wilson pushes his “14 points” as basis for settlement

•Tensions among leaders: British and French demand reparations from Germany with Wilson opposed.

•Leaders are answerable to votes, who call for “punishing” Germany who must bear blame for war.

Summary: Major Points of Peace of Paris Settlements

•Map of Central and Eastern Europe is redrawn: new or revived states appear, initially as democracies

•League of Nations created with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland

•Empires of defeated powers are broken up: Mandates for territories outside of Europe (Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Iraq, etc.)

•Treaties with defeated countries: Most important – Versailles Treaty with Germany which contained “War Guilt Clause” (Article #231), as basis for payment of reparations.

Pie Charts: Central Powers’ Casualties

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Pie Charts: Allied Casualties

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Graph: Financial Costs of the War

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Note Taking Transparency 172A

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Progress Monitoring Transparency

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SummaryUse your text and lecture and PP notes

1. Four empires disappeared. What happened to each? What new states (r)emerged?

2. Assess the costs of the war in terms of casualties, material damage, financial damage. What pressures did this put on democratic states?

3. What happened to the losers’ colonial possessions? List mandates.

4. What problems were created by the war and its settlement, which will plague Europe in the future?

5. Assess the fate of Wilson’s 14 Points.

Assignment 1Assignment 11. Read text, pp. 843-845 identifying 2 new

terms and answering 2 checkpoint questions.

2. Read Russian Revolution lecture notes and view PP notes, Russia: 1919-1922.

3. Check your knowledge

Notes:Chapter 26 Test: Tuesday, 2/25

Assignment 2Assignment 21. View PP, WWI Territorial Changes. Plot on your

personal map.

2. Review PP Notes, esp. study aides and check your knowledge.

Note: Chapter 26 Test: Tuesday, 2/25

Assignment 3-5Assignment 3-5Test: Text Chapter 26

• Factual portions-multiple choice, matching, map

• 1 Essay

Chapter self-check

Test Preparation: Be sure to use text, pp. 848-849

Notes:Chapter 26 Test: Tuesday, 2/25