History of science

HISTORY OF SCIENCEJAMES SERNYK

SCIENCE IS OLD AS DIRT

• Started way back with the Greeks- 2500 yrs ago

• Tried to understand the natural world, what they saw

• Five “Classic” Elements: Earth

Water

Air

Fire

Aether (space, stars, the unknown…)

GREEK SCIENTISTS

• Aristotle- 340 BC

"Aristotle Altemps Inv8575" by Copy of Lysippus - Jastrow (2006). Licensed under Public domain via Wikimedia Commons – http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aristotle_Altemps_Inv8575.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Aristotle_Altemps_Inv8575.jpg

GREEK SCIENTISTS

• Pythagoras- 550 BC

"Kapitolinischer Pythagoras adjusted" by Original uploader was Galilea at de.wikipedia - First upload to Wikipedia: de.wikipedia; description page is/was here. (Original text : Fotografiert am 30.03.2005) Second upload to Commons: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Kapitolinischer_Pythagoras.jpg and this is an adjusted version of the second one.. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kapitolinischer_Pythagoras_adjusted.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Kapitolinischer_Pythagoras_adjusted.jpg

GREEK SCIENTISTS

• Hippocrates- 400 BC

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Hippocrates_pushkin02.jpgBy user:shakko (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

GREEK SCIENTISTS

• Euclid- 300 BC

"Euklid" by Justus van Gent (fl. 1460–1480) - http://www.aiwaz.net/panopticon/euclid/gi881c129. Licensed under Public domain via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Euklid.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Euklid.jpg

GREEK SCIENTISTS

• Archimedes- 250 BC

"Archimedes1" by Unknown - André Thévet (1584) Les vrais pourtraits et vies des hommes illustres grecz, latins et payens, Paríž, pp. 46 Retrieved from http://math.nyu.edu/~crorres/: Page, Picture. Licensed under Public domain via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Archimedes1.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Archimedes1.jpg

GREEK SCIENTISTS

• Ptolemy- 100 BC

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/PSM_V78_D326_Ptolemy.pngSee page for author [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

THE DARK AGES

• Scientific thinking starts to slow down

• Lasts 1400-1500 years

• Some progress in the Middles East, India & China

• Chinese invent: Abacus (and advance Math)

Gunpowder

Paper

Printing press

RENAISSANCE & ENLIGHTENMENT

• Started around 1400, lasted several hundred years

• A renewed interest in scientific think and discoveries

EUROPEAN SCIENTISTS

• Leonardo Da Vinci- 1452-1519

"LEONARDO". Licensed under Public domain via Wikimedia Commons – http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:LEONARDO.JPG#mediaviewer/File:LEONARDO.JPG

EUROPEAN SCIENTISTS

• Galileo Galilei- 1564-1642

"Justus Sustermans - Portrait of Galileo Galilei, 1636" by Justus Sustermans - http://www.nmm.ac.uk/mag/pages/mnuExplore/PaintingDetail.cfm?ID=BHC2700. Licensed under Public domain via Wikimedia Commons – http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Justus_Sustermans_-_Portrait_of_Galileo_Galilei,_1636.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Justus_Sustermans_-_Portrait_of_Galileo_Galilei,_1636.jpg

EUROPEAN SCIENTISTS

• Isaac Newton- 1642-1726

"Sir Isaac Newton by Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt" by Sir Godfrey Kneller - National Portrait Gallery, London: NPG 2881http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Isaac_Newton_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller,_Bt.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Sir_Isaac_Newton_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller,_Bt.jpg

EUROPEAN SCIENTISTS

• Carl Linnaeus- 1707-1778

"Carl von Linné" by Alexander Roslin - Nationalmuseum press photo, cropped with colors slightly adjusted. Licensed under Public domain via Wikimedia Commons – http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9.jpg

EUROPEAN SCIENTISTS

• Charles Darwin- 1809-1882

"Charles Darwin by Julia Margaret Cameron 2" by Julia Margaret Cameron – Reprinted in Charles Darwin: His Life Told in an Autobiographical Chapter, and in a Selected Series of His Published Letters, edited by Francis Darwin. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street. 1892.Scanned by User:Davepape. Licensed under Public domain via Wikimedia Commons – http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_Darwin_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_2.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Charles_Darwin_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_2.jpg

EUROPEAN SCIENTISTS

• Albert Einstein- 1879-1955

"Albert Einstein (Nobel)" by Unknown - Official 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics photograph. Licensed under Public domain via Wikimedia Commons – http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Albert_Einstein_(Nobel).png#mediaviewer/File:Albert_Einstein_(Nobel).png

EUROPEAN SCIENTISTS

• Watson & Crick- 1960’s

"Maclyn McCarty with Francis Crick and James D Watson - 10.1371 journal.pbio.0030341.g001-O" by Marjorie McCarty - Lederberg J, Gotschlich EC (2005) A Path to Discovery: The Career of Maclyn McCarty. PLoS Biol 3(10): e341 doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030341. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons – http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maclyn_McCarty_with_Francis_Crick_and_James_D_Watson_-_10.1371_journal.pbio.0030341.g001-O.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Maclyn_McCarty_with_Francis_Crick_and_James_D_Watson_-_10.1371_journal.pbio.0030341.g001-O.jpg

MY CURRENT FAVOURITE

• Neil deGrasse Tyson- b. 1958• Astrophysicist

"Neil deGrasse Tyson August 3, 2014 (cropped)" by Mingle Media TV – https://www.flickr.com/photos/minglemediatv/14849113273/. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons – http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neil_deGrasse_Tyson_August_3,_2014_(cropped).jpg#mediaviewer/File:Neil_deGrasse_Tyson_August_3,_2014_(cropped).jpg

WOMEN IN SCIENCE

• Hypatia of Alexandria- 370-415• Lectured on Mathematics,

Astronomy and Philosophy• Major contributions to Algebra• Killed by a Christian mob

„Hypatia portrait“ von Drawn by Jules Maurice Gaspard (1862–1919) - Elbert Hubbard, "Hypatia", in Little Journeys to the Homes of Great Teachers, v.23 #4, East Aurora, New York : The Roycrofters, 1908 (375 p. 2 v. ports. 21 cm). Lizenziert unter Public domain über Wikimedia Commons – http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hypatia_portrait.png#mediaviewer/File:Hypatia_portrait.png

WOMEN IN SCIENCE

• Marie Curie- 1867-1934• Discovered radium, polonium

and the nature of radioactivity• Won Nobel Prize in 1903• Died of complications from

radiation exposure

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Mariecurie.jpgSee page for author [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

WOMEN IN SCIENCE

• Jane Goodall- b. 1934• Studied chimpanzee behavior in

Tanzania• Made important contributions

to Anthropology and human physiology

"Jane Goodall HK" by Jeekc - Self-published work by Jeekc. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 via Wikimedia Commons – http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jane_Goodall_HK.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Jane_Goodall_HK.jpg