History of Research Project on CCA-Treated Wood Presented October 22, 2004 TAG Meeting

History of Research Project on CCA-Treated Wood

Presented October 22, 2004TAG Meeting

Funding Received from

Florida Center for Solid and Hazardous Waste Mngt.

Florida Power and LightSarasota County/

Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Florida International University/NIEHSRutgers University/NIEHS

University of Florida FICESS Center/NSFPublic Health Trust, CA

Helena Solo-Gabriele, Ph.D., P.E., Timothy Townsend, Ph.D.

Assoc. Prof., Civil/Environ. Engrg Assoc. Prof., Environ/Solid Waste Engrg

Core Team of Faculty Researchers

Gabriel Bitton, Ph.D. David Hahn, Ph.D.

Professor, Env. Micro/Tox Assoc. Prof., Mechanical – Laser

Yong Cai, Ph.D. Stuart Shalat, Sc.D.

Assist. Prof., Chemistry Assoc. Prof., Epidemiology/Pesticides

Lora Fleming, M.D., Ph.D.

Assoc. Prof., Epidemiology/PH

Additional Faculty Researchers

Helena Solo-Gabriele, Ph.D., P.E., C.Y. Wu, Ph.D.

Assoc. Prof., Civil/Environ. Engrg Assoc. Prof., Environ/Air Pollution Control Engineering

Tim Townsend, Ph.D., P.E. Tim Townsend, Ph.D., P.E.

Assoc. Prof., Environ/Solid Waste Engrg Assoc. Prof., Environ/Solid Waste Engrg

Today’s Faculty Presenters

Joint Meeting

Approx. 32 Students Supported on CCA Projects Since Beginning

of Project

Today’s Student Presenters

Gary Jacobi, M.S. candidate from U.MiamiTomoyuki “Shiba” Shibata, Ph.D. candidate from U.MiamiAmy Omae, M.S. candidate from U.MiamiBrajesh Dubey, Ph.D. candidate from U.Florida

Original Motivation For Project

Ash Disposal Problem, 1995

FCSHWM Year 1 (1996-1997)

Year 1: C&D Wood Testing

Processed Wood at C&D Recycling Facilities

6% CCA by Weight

Year 1: Disposal Forecast

(Updated 2004)

0

500

1000

1500

20001

96

0

198

0

200

0

20

20

204

0

20

60

208

0

210

0

21

20

214

0

216

0

218

0

220

0

22

20

224

0

226

0

228

0

Year

Mas

s L

each

ed (m

etri

c to

ns)

C&DMonofill

MSW

Disposed

Leached During In-Service Use

Production

Ars

enic

(m

etric

ton

s)

FCSHWM Year 2 (1997-1998)

Year 2: Ash Leaching Studies

Leaching Studies, ash Hazardous when CCA-treated

wood represents 5% of wood burned

Solvents can extract metals from ash, citric acid very promising (40 to 100% As removed)

Year 2: Sorting

Sorting Studies, Laboratory Chemical stains, low capital cost

labor intensive

X-ray methods, high capital costsuitable for on-line system

Untreated Treated

Outline of Work Since 1999 In-Service Issues

Impacts on Soil Runoff and Infiltration (NIEHS funding) Playgrounds and Children* (NIEHS funding)

Disposal Leaching New and Weathered Wood Chemical alternatives to CCA Sorting Methods* Mulch Studies*

In-Service: Soil Impacts

In Service: Soil Impacts

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Arsenic Concentration (mg/kg)

Experimental Set-up

sandy soil, 2 ft

deck

gravel

rainwater runoff collection vessel

Infiltrating rainwater

precipitation

Rainfall

ArsenicGround surface

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0

Cumulative arsenic in soil (mg/kg)

Surface ~ 2.5

5.0 ~ 7.5

10.0 ~ 12.5

15.0 ~ 17.5

20.0 ~ 22.5

25.0 ~ 27.5

Dep

th (

cm

)

FL SCTLS for industrial area: 3.7 mg/kg

U.S.EPA SSL : 0.4 mg/kg

FL SCTLS for residential area: 0.8 mg/kg

Results: As in Soil

Rainfall

ArsenicGround surface

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0

Cumulative arsenic in soil (mg/kg)

Surface ~ 2.5

5.0 ~ 7.5

10.0 ~ 12.5

15.0 ~ 17.5

20.0 ~ 22.5

25.0 ~ 27.5

Dep

th (

cm

)

after 6 months

Results: As in Soil

FL SCTLS for industrial area: 3.7 mg/kg

U.S.EPA SSL : 0.4 mg/kgFL SCTLS for residential area: 0.8 mg/kg

6 months

Rainfall

ArsenicGround surface

Results: As in Soil

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0

Cumulative arsenic in soil (mg/kg)

Surface ~ 2.5

5.0 ~ 7.5

10.0 ~ 12.5

15.0 ~ 17.5

20.0 ~ 22.5

25.0 ~ 27.5

Dep

th (

cm

) after 6 monthsafter 13 months

FL SCTLS for industrial area: 3.7 mg/kg

U.S.EPA SSL : 0.4 mg/kgFL SCTLS for residential area: 0.8 mg/kg

13 months

Rainfall

ArsenicGround surface

Results: As in Soil

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0

Cumulative arsenic in soil (mg/kg)

Surface ~ 2.5

5.0 ~ 7.5

10.0 ~ 12.5

15.0 ~ 17.5

20.0 ~ 22.5

25.0 ~ 27.5

Dep

th (

cm

)

after 6 monthsafter 13 monthsafter 18 months

FL SCTLS for industrial area: 3.7 mg/kg

U.S.EPA SSL : 0.4 mg/kgFL SCTLS for residential area: 0.8 mg/kg

18 months

0

1

10

100

1000

10000

09/1

4/02

10/1

4/02

11/1

4/02

12/1

4/02

01/1

4/03

02/1

4/03

03/1

4/03

04/1

4/03

05/1

4/03

06/1

4/03

07/1

4/03

08/1

4/03

09/1

4/03

10/1

4/03

11/1

4/03

12/1

4/03

01/1

4/04

02/1

4/04

03/1

4/04

04/1

4/04

05/1

4/04

Met

al c

on

cen

trat

ion

s (u

g/L

)

As in the runoff water (ug/L)

As in the infiltrated water (ug/L)

50 ug/L for Arsenic (U.S.EPA: Drinking water standard, FL criteria for surface water quality classification)

As in the runoff water (ug/L)

As in the infiltrated water (ug/L)

Disposal

Leaching New and Weathered Wood Chemical Alternatives to CCA Sorting Methods Mulch Studies*

Leaching of CCA-Treated Wood

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

TCLP SPLP EPTOX WET

As

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg

/L)

Sawdust

Chipped Wood

5 20-g Blocks

100-g Block

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q

As

(m

g/l

)

New Wood Used Wood

TCLPLimit

Leaching of CCA-Treated Wood

TCLP

Field-Scale Leaching2 Monofills / 2 C&D / 2 MSW

Untreated(mg/L)

Treated(mg/L)

Wood Monofill (100% wood)

< 0.02 5 – 43

C&D Waste(34% wood)

<0.06 0.4 – 1.8

MSW(2% wood)

< 0.7 0.4 – 2.3

Chemical Alternatives: Leaching

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

CCA-1 CCA-2 ACQ CBA CC CDDC

Co

pp

er

Co

nce

ntr

ati

on

(m

g/L

)

SPLPSynthetic Rainfall

Chemical Alternatives: Aquatic Toxicity

LessToxic

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000Copper Concentration (mg/L)

EC

50 (

%)

EC50 Cu = 3.8 mg/l

EC50 Cu = 0.076 mg/l

MicrotoxRegression Line

R2 = 0.307CCA

CDDC

CBA

ACQ

CC

Laser

x-ray

Untreated Treated Test Kits

x-ray

x-ray

Sorting

Work Products

8 FCSHWM reports, Finalized (available on-line) 1 FCSHWM reports, Draft (available on-line) 2 FCSHWM reports, Pending

9 peer-reviewed journal articles published

and 1 in press, 1 accepted, 3 submitted Plus approx 40 conference proceedings and other

papers

Questions?

technical reports available at:

www.ccaresearch.org

[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]