Chapter 15 Hematologic System
Jan 26, 2016
Chapter 15
Hematologic System
Definition Hematologic System: encompasses the
production of blood and the transport of blood throughout the body.
Fxns of BloodBlood supplies body tissues with
OxygenNutrientsAnd various chemicals
Blood TransportsWaste products to organs for removal
Blood alsoPlays role in endocrine and immune system
Structures of BloodBlood is formed in
the bone marrowHematopoiesis
To identify componentsDraw blood: removeAdd anticoagulant:
keeps from clotting EDTA, heparin
Liquid portionSerumPlasmaClotting proteinsFats
Formed ElementsErythrocytesReticulocyteMacrophageLeukocyte
Clotting CellsThromocyte
Test me: Blood Blood Smear
Blood specimen on microscope slideBone Marrow biopsy
Pathology: Hematologic SystemAnemia
Less than normal levels of red blood cellsEdema
Accumulation of fluid in the intercelluar space
HemorrhageLoss of blood (in a short period of time)
LeukemiaElevation in the number of maligant white
blood cells
Lymphatic SystemFxns
Part of the immune systemReturns excess lymph to the bloodAbsorbs fats and fat soluble vitamins
Lymphatic StructuresLymph Fluid
Interstitial fluidBaths and nourishes cells between organ
LymphFormed when interstitial fluid moves into capillaries Brings nutrients and hormones to cells and carries waste
away Always goes towards the thoracic cavity
Lymph VesselsSimilar to veins (have valves to prevent back flow)
Lymph NodesBean shaped structures Filter Lymph (waste products etc) to remove viruses Cells are destroyed here by B and T cellsLocated throughout the body
Lymphatic Structures continued Tonsils
Masses of lymphatic tissueProtect nose and cranial (upper) throat portions Described according to location
SpleenLocated in the cranial abdomenFilters material from the bloodStores red blood cells Maintains balance of cells and plasma in the
bloodThymus
Immune fxn Develops T cells
Immune System Fxn
Protects the body from harmful substancesEncompasses many structures throughout the
bodySpecialized Cells
Lymphocyte (T and B) White blood cell, involved in response works against
antigensLocated in: spleen, thymus, bone marrow
T Lymphocytes: circulate, produced in bone marrow, Kills organisms on contact
Plasma cell / PlasmocytesProduces and secretes specific antibody for specific
antigen (foreign material)
Immune Response Overview
Pathology : Immune/Lymphatic Allergy
Overreaction by the body to a particular anitgen
AnaphylazisSevere response to a foreign substance
Autoimmune DiseaseBody makes antibodies directed toward itself
ImmunosuppressionReduction or decrease in the state of
resistance (more likely to get sick)
OncologyStudy of tumors
Malignant: cancerousMetastasis: pathogenic growth in different sites of
bodyBenign: non- cancerous Tumor=neoplasm: abnormal rapid growth of
cellsTumors described by appearance
Pedunculated: stalk bearingWell-circumscribed: defined boardersInvasive: spreading without boarders
OncologyProcedures:
Chemotherapy Radiation Therapy Surgical excision
PathologyBlastoma: neoplasm of undifferentiated cells Lymphoma: neoplasm composed of lymphoid
tissueMelanoma: neoplasm of melanin-pigmented
cells Osteosarcoma: malignant neoplasm composed
of bone
Activities Chapter 15 Explanation of blood structures and
elements Fig15-1Diagram of lymph nodes (location) and
what they are responsible for Fig 15-9 Pictorial representation of immune system
responseDefine terminology used when discussing
the immune system pg 323