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Slide 1
Hebrew and Judaism Chapter 2 Section 3 Pages 45-49
Slide 2
Reading Focus What are the major events in the history of the
early Hebrews? How did the Kingdom of Israel develop and who were
some of its key leaders? What are the basic teachings and sacred
texts of Judaism? Main Idea The ancient Hebrews and their religion,
Judaism, have been a major influence on Western civilization. The
Hebrews and Judaism
Slide 3
The Hebrews were the ancestors of the Jews, and most of what we
know, including the laws and requirements of their religion,
Judaism, comes from their later writings. The Torah Abraham, father
of the Hebrews Gods covenant 12 Tribes of Israel Abraham, Isaac,
and Jacob were patriarchs Israelites in Egypt Hebrew Fathers Slaves
in Egypt Moses Pharaoh, plagues Exodus Israelites out of Egypt
Passover The Ten Commandments Moses and Exodus Israelites in desert
Canaan Land of milk and honey Israelites battled for land Canaan =
Israel Promised Land The Early Hebrews
Slide 4
Why is the land of Milk and Honey considered attractive to
Israelites?
Slide 5
Sequencing What are some key events, in order, in early
Israelite history? Answer(s): Abraham traveled to Canaan, 1800 BC;
Moses appeared among Hebrews in Egypt, 1200s BC; the Exodus;
delivery of Ten Commandments to Moses; Hebrews wander desert for 40
years; invasion of Philistines to Israel, mid- 1000s BC; Saul named
first king of Israel, mid-1000s BC; David named second king of
Israel, 1000 BC; Solomon named third king of Israel, 865 BC
Slide 6
The Period of the Judges Scattered communities No central
government Judges enforce laws Prophets keep Israelites focused on
faith Israelites united against Philistines Saul, first Israelite
king Never won full support David, second king Strong king, gifted
poet Solomon, Davids son Israel reached height of wealth Saul,
David, Solomon Conflict after Solomons death Who would be come king
Two kingdoms, Israel and Judah 722 BC, Israel fell to Assyrians 586
BC, Judah fell to Chaldeans Chaldeans enslaved Jews Diaspora =
scattering of Jews Persians conquered Chaldeans Division and
Conquest The Kingdom of Israel
Slide 7
King Solomon's Temple
Slide 8
Slide 9
Find the Main Idea Why are Saul, David and Solomon significant?
Answer(s): They were the first kings of Israel; they unified the
Israelites under the Kingdom of Israel.
Slide 10
The Teachings of Judaism Religion the foundation of Hebrew and
Jewish societies Belief in One God Monotheism Justice and
Righteousness Kindness, fairness, code of ethics Obedience to the
Law Ten Commandments, Mosaic Law Jewish Sacred Texts Torah,
Talmud
Slide 11
Identify Supporting Details What are the central beliefs of
Judaism? Answer(s): belief in one god; obedience to the Ten
Commandments; justice and righteousness
Slide 12
GROG 2-3 (5 Points) Sequence Using your notes, fill in the
graphic organizer by listing and describing each key event in the
history of the Hebrews from Abraham's migration to Canaan to the
Babylonian Captivity.
Slide 13
Hinduism Chapter 4 Section 2 Pages 98-102
Slide 14
Bell Ringer 4-2 (5 Points) Exposition Write a short newspaper
article covering one of the following major events in Hebrew and
Jewish history: the Exodus, the division of Israel into two
kingdoms, the Babylonian Captivity, or the return of Jews to
Jerusalem from Babylon. You should write the article from the point
of view of an objective reporter who lived in the ancient world.
Your article should be clear and address the questions of who,
what, where, when, and how
Slide 15
Crash Course Buddha and Ashoka: Crash Course World History #6 -
YouTubeBuddha and Ashoka: Crash Course World History #6 -
YouTube
Slide 16
Reading Focus What basic teachings do most Hindus share? What
are the sacred texts and religious practices of Hinduism? What are
the teachings of Jainism? Main Idea The religion of Hinduism
developed and evolved over a long time in India, giving rise to a
variety of beliefs and practices and to other religions, including
Jainism. Hinduism
Slide 17
Three devas- Brahma, Vishnu, Siva -are particularly
influential. Some believe in thousands; others worship only one as
the true manifestation of Brahman. One of the worlds oldest
religions, Hinduism, is practiced by most people in India today.
Hinduism evolved over thousands of years and was influenced by the
cultures and traditions of many peoples. However a few fundamental
teachings are shared by nearly all Hindus. Founded by ??
Time/evolution Among most basic tenets of Hinduism, belief in
Brahman, eternal being that created, preserves world Brahman
all-encompassing Many believe human mind incapable of understanding
Brahman Basic Teachings of Hinduism Hindus believe each person has
atman, soul, aspect of Brahman Atman shapes personality, cannot be
destroyed, even by death Devas, manifestations of Brahman, active
in world, helping maintain order in nature Atman
Slide 18
Three Devas Brahma Vishnu Siva Creator Preserver Destroyer
Slide 19
Pattern of Life Hindus believe universe, everyone in it, part
of continual pattern of birth, death, and rebirth After death atman
reborn in process called reincarnation, or samsara Dharma With
moksha, atman leaves world, reunites fully with Brahman To achieve
moksha is to fulfill ones dharmaspiritual duties, obligations By
fulfilling dharma, one creates good karma, breaks free from rebirth
cycle New Life Nature of persons new life shaped by karmasum effect
of deeds, actions Good karma, reincarnated to better station in
life; bad karma, lower station in life Ultimate goal of human
existence, moksha, escape from cycle of rebirth Rebirth and
Salvation
Slide 20
Define What is moksha, and how is it central to Hindu
teachings? Answer(s): escape from cycle of rebirth, reunion with
Brahman; ultimate goal for Hindus; way to achieve moksha is to
fulfill one's dharma
Slide 21
Much of Hinduisms evolution stemmed from a number of sacred
writings produced over centuries. Teachings, practices based on
many texts, most sorted into one of three categories The Vedas
Later writings inspired by the Vedas Sacred epics The Vedas, sacred
hymns of praise, among earliest sacred texts of Hinduism Sacred
Texts Name means knowledge in Sanskrit Hindus consider Vedas to
contain eternal knowledge not written by humans, revealed to them
by Brahman Parts of Vedas date back more than 3,000 years
Considered core of Hinduism even today The Vedas Sacred Texts and
Practices
Slide 22
Ramayana, Mahabharata Other sacred texts based on themes in the
Vedas, but composed by sages, including two epic poems, Ramayana
and Mahabharata Each tells story, reflects on living according to
Vedic teachings Included in Mahabharata, most sacred of all Hindu
texts, the Bhagavad Gita, addressing many aspects of Hindu belief,
philosophy Upanishads Sacred texts that built upon the Vedas
appeared Some, such as Upanishads, also believed to have been
revealed rather than written by people Upanishads philosophical
reflections on the Vedas, dealing with nature of world, meaning of
life
Slide 23
To help meditate, Hindus practice series of integrated
physical, mental exercises called yoga Yoga teaches people how to
focus bodies, minds to aid meditation, help attain moksha Hindus
also make pilgrimages to Ganges River to purify, remove bad karma
Meditation, Pilgrimages Hindu beliefs vary widely, religious
practices vary as well; worship can take place anywhere At temples,
priests might recite, read portions of the Vedas; image of a deva
sometimes carried out of temple to people At home, food, drink,
gifts offered for deva; meditation, silent reflection Worship Hindu
Religious Practices
Slide 24
Meditation on the Ganges River
Slide 25
Categorize What types of sacred texts help shape Hindu beliefs?
Answer(s): Vedas, writings inspired by the Vedas, sacred epics
Slide 26
New Religion 500 BC, group of Hindus broke away, founded new
religion called Jainism Led by teacher Mahavira, Jains thought most
Hindus put too much emphasis on ritual Nonviolence Central to Jain
teaching, idea of ahimsa, nonviolence Most Hindus also practiced
ahimsa, but not to same extent Jains carefully avoid harming living
creatures, are usually vegetarians Ritual Unnecessary Jains thought
ritual unnecessary People could achieve moksha by giving up worldly
things, carefully controlling actions Jainism
Slide 27
Jains promise to tell only truth Avoid stealing Strive to
eliminate greed, anger, prejudice, gossip from lives These things
can prevent person from achieving moksha Most devout become monks,
nuns, give up possessions Live outdoors, seek shelter only during
rainy months Cover mouths with masks, sweep ground to avoid
accidentally killing insects Lifestyle Most Jains not monks, nuns
Pledge to uphold principles of ahimsa, have careers that do not
involve harming of animals Jainism calls for periodic fasting,
especially during festivals, on holy days; limiting worldly
possessions Principles Other Traits
Slide 28
Jainism
Slide 29
Find the Main Idea What are the major principles of Jainism?
Answer(s): practice nonviolence; tell the truth; do not steal; try
to eliminate greed, anger, prejudice, and gossip
Slide 30
GROG 4-2 ( 5 Points) Using your notes, fill in the interactive
graphic organizer by listing teachings that are unique to Hinduism
on the left, listing three teachings unique to Jainism on the
right, and in the overlapping circle, listing one teaching the two
religions share.
Slide 31
Buddhism Chapter 4 Section 3 Pages 103-107
Slide 32
Bellringer 4-3 (5 Points) Write a short paragraph explaining
one of the major teachings of Hinduism. Your explanation should
define the teaching and explain its role in Hindu teaching.
Slide 33
Reading Focus How did the early life of the Buddha lead to the
beginnings of Buddhism? What are the major teachings of Buddhism?
What areas were affected by the spread of Buddhism? Main Idea
Buddhism, which teaches people that they can escape the suffering
of the world through the Buddhas teachings, developed in India and
spread to other parts of Asia and the world. Buddhism
Slide 34
Buddhism in America (1999)
Slide 35
In addition to Hinduism, another of the worlds major religions
developed in ancient India. That religion was Buddhism. Much of
what is known about life of the Buddha from accounts in Buddhist
literature Gautama born 500s BC Prince of small kingdom in what is
now Nepal Led sheltered life Unaware of hardship Life changed when
learned people got old, sick, died Early Life Gautama resolved to
find way to overcome age, sickness, keep people from suffering Gave
up possessions, left palace Sought enlightenment, spiritual
understanding for six years Studied with gurus, monks but decided
they could not teach way to enlightenment Buddhas Enlightenment The
Life of the Buddha
Slide 36
Gautama was determined to find way to end human suffering Sat
under tree, no teachers, no companions, determined not to arise
until he found way Stories say he meditated all night Resolve
tested by violent storms, earthly temptations At daybreak, had been
transformed, found enlightenment, became the Buddha, Enlightened
One Temple built where he meditated, Bodh Gaya, one of Buddhisms
most sacred places
Slide 37
Explain How did Siddhartha Gautama become the Buddha?
Answer(s): meditated under a tree, determined not to arise until he
found solution to human suffering; was enlightened and
transformed
Slide 38
What is the fundamental cause of all suffering? Desire!
Therefore, Therefore, extinguish the self, dont obsess about
oneself.
Slide 39
Suffering part of human life Suffering from peoples desires for
pleasure, material goods Overcoming desires during life eventually
brings end to suffering Desires can be overcome by following
Eightfold Path Four Noble Truths After enlightenment achieved,
Buddha meditated at Bodh Gaya seven weeks Set out to spread to
others what he had learned Lessons became basic teachings of
Buddhism Among ideas learned in meditation, central truths, called
Four Noble Truths Buddhist Beliefs The Teachings of Buddhism
Slide 40
Four Noble Truths 1. There is suffering in the world. To live
is to suffer. (Dukkha) The Buddha found this out when he was young
and experienced suffering and death in others.
Slide 41
Four Noble Truths 2. The cause of suffering is self- centered
desire and attachments. (Tanha)
Slide 42
Four Noble Truths 3. The solution is to eliminate desire and
attachments. (Nirvana = extinction)
Slide 43
Four Noble Truths 4. To reach nirvana, one must follow the
Eightfold Path.
Slide 44
Series of Steps Leading to Enlightenment, Salvation Right view,
or accepting the reality of the Four Noble Truths Right attitude,
or striving for moderation in all things Eightfold Path Right
speech, avoiding lies, boasts, and hurtful words Right action, or
treating others fairly Right livelihood, avoiding jobs that could
bring harm to others Right effort, or constantly trying to improve
oneself Right mindfulness, or remaining aware of world around one
Right concentration, or ignoring temptation and discomfort while
meditating
Slide 45
Eightfold Path Nirvana The union with the ultimate spiritual
reality. Escape from the cycle of rebirth.
Slide 46
Nirvana The Buddha taught that those who followed Eightfold
Path could attain nirvana State of perfect peace in which soul
freed from suffering forever Those not attaining nirvana reborn to
live through cycle of suffering again Basic teachings of Eightfold
Path, Middle Wayliving in moderation, avoiding extremes of comfort,
discomfort in search for nirvana
Slide 47
Summarize What are the fundamental teachings of Buddhism?
Answer(s): suffering comes from selfish desires; overcoming desire
ends suffering; follow Eightfold Path to overcome desire
Slide 48
After the Buddhas death, differing opinions arose concerning
the correct teachings and practices of Buddhism. Eventually three
main Buddhist traditions formedTheravada, Mahayana, and Tibetan.
Way of the Elders Oldest tradition Best way to attain nirvana: be
monk, nun, meditate Find one path to enlightenment; very much an
individual religion Theravada Teaches people can help each other
find enlightenment Not necessary to be monk, nun Bodhisattvas,
enlightened people not yet passed to nirvana, help others Mahayana
Shares many Mahayana teachings Also believes special techniques can
harness spiritual energy, lead to nirvana in single lifetime
Tibetan Divisions of Buddhism
Slide 49
Slide 50
Buddhism in the Subcontinent
Slide 51
Ashoka also encouraged missionaries to carry the Buddhas
message to lands outside of India. Unlike Hinduism, which largely
remained an Indian religion, Buddhism spread into other parts of
the world. Today, more than 350 million people are Buddhists, most
of them concentrated in Asia. Relatively few people in India are
Buddhists today. Buddhist community in India grew throughout
Buddhas life Followers spread teachings after Buddhas death
Teachings not written down until first century BC; helped preserve,
spread teachings throughout India Buddhism in India The Spread of
Buddhism 200s BC, Buddhism reached peak in India during reign of
emperor Ashoka Ashoka became Buddhist, helped spread Buddhism into
all parts of India Ashoka
Slide 52
Traders Trade also helped spread Buddhism beyond India 200s BC,
merchants traveling routes from India to Central Asia introduced
Buddhist teachings Traders from Central, Southeast Asia took
Buddhist teachings into China, slowly spreading, blending with
native Chinese philosophies Buddhism Beyond India Ashoka sent
missionaries to Sri Lanka, large island off Indias southern coast,
and north to lands along Himalayas, east into lands of Southeast
Asia Buddhism took firm hold in kingdoms that eventually became
Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, islands of Indonesia
Slide 53
Religions of South Asia
Slide 54
As Buddhism encountered other religious traditions outside
India, it changed, developed Blending caused smaller traditions
within Theravada, Mahayana Zen, branch of Mahayana, emphasized
self-discipline, meditation Today Buddhism very diverse Change,
Development From China, Buddhism eventually diffused into Korea,
Japan AD 300s, first introduced to Korea Korean travelers took
religion to Japan 200 years later By this time, Buddhism had become
leading religion in East, Southeast Asia Korea and Japan Leading
Asian Religion
Slide 55
Sequence How did Buddhism spread through Asia? Answer(s):
through missionary work and trade
Slide 56
GROG 4-2 (5 Points) Using your notes, fill in the graphic
organizer by explaining what each of the teachings in the left
column is and how Buddhists believe each one will help them attain
nirvana.
Slide 57
The Rise of Christianity Chapter 6 Section 4 Pages 183-187
Slide 58
Bell Ringer 6-4 (5 Points) Write a short biographical sketch of
the Buddha. In your sketch, describe his early life, the changes
that occurred when he was an adult, and his basic teachings. As you
write, be sure to make the order of events clear
Slide 59
Crash Course Christianity from Judaism to Constantine: Crash
Course World History #11 - YouTubeChristianity from Judaism to
Constantine: Crash Course World History #11 - YouTube
Slide 60
Reading Focus How was Christianity rooted in the teachings of
Judaism? What were the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth? How did
Christianity spread throughout the Roman world? What was the early
Christian Church like? Main Idea A new religion called Christianity
developed within the Roman Empire and gradually spread throughout
the Roman world. The Rise of Christianity
Slide 61
Jews had to pay tribute to Romans but unwilling to abandon
religion for polytheistic religion of Romans Roman leaders allowed
Jews to practice religion as long as they paid tribute, maintained
civic order Roman Compromise Teachings of Jesus of Nazareth
developed into new religionChristianity Many of teachings rooted in
beliefs, customs of Judaism 63 BC, Romans conquered Judaea, chose
new ruler for region, installed him as king Judaism in the Roman
World Christianity and Judaism
Slide 62
Reactions to Roman Rule Judaism had different branches, varying
ideas on cooperation with Romans Zealots called on fellow Jews to
drive Romans from Judaea, reestablish Kingdom of Israel Messianic
Prophecies After revolt in 130s, all Jews banned from Jerusalem Not
all Jews willing to take up arms; others waited coming of Messiah
spiritual leader prophesied to restore ancient kingdom, bring peace
to world Zealots Zealots formed pockets of resistance against
Romans of Judaea After mass uprising AD 6670, Romans sacked
Jerusalem, killed thousands of Jews, destroyed Second Temple
Judaism in the Roman World
Slide 63
Make Generalizations What were two Jewish reactions to Roman
rule? Answer(s): refused to give up religion; Zealots wanted to
rise up against Roman rule
Slide 64
Against this background, a spiritual leader named Jesus of
Nazareth emerged, teaching people to prepare for Gods Judgment Day.
Nearly all knowledge of Jesus comes from Gospelsfirst four books of
New Testament New Testament and books of Hebrew Bible make up
todays Christian Bible Jesus born in Bethlehem, near Jerusalem
Learned carpentry, studied writings of Jewish prophets Life Jesus
preached message of renewal and warning Gathered group of disciples
Created excitement by performing miracles of healing; defending
poor, oppressed Instructed people to repent of sins, seek Gods
forgiveness Must love God above all, love others as much as self
Preaching Jesus of Nazareth
Slide 65
Death and Resurrection Jesuss popularity, crowds alarmed
authorities who feared political uprisings Jesus arrested, tried,
sentenced to death According to New Testament, after crucifixion
Jesus rose from dead Spent 40 days teaching disciples Ascended into
heaven Followers believed Resurrection, Ascension revealed Jesus as
the Messiah
Slide 66
Summarize What was the main message of Jesuss teaching?
Answer(s): Followers must love God above all else, and love others
as they loved themselves.
Slide 67
After Jesuss death, his disciples began teaching that all
people could achieve salvationthe forgiveness of sins and the
promise of everlasting life. Jesuss 12 disciples worked to spread
message Earliest Christian missionaries Apostles traveled widely,
teaching mostly in Jewish communities Apostles Paul, originally
known as Saul, born in Tarsus, in Asia Minor Had actively opposed
those teaching that Jesus was the Messiah Paul of Tarsus Paul had
conversion on way to Damascus, became Christian If not for his
work, Christianity might have remained a branch of Judaism
Conversion The Spread of Christianity
Slide 68
Converting the Gentiles Paul believed God sent him to convert
non-Jews, or Gentiles Paul helped make Christianity broader
religion, attracted many new followers but dispensing with some
Jewish customs Helped establish Christian churches throughout
eastern Mediterranean Pauls epistles, or letters, to those churches
later became part of the New Testament
Slide 69
Roman Christianity Paul found some Jewish customs hindered
missionary work among non-Jews, dispensed with those requirements
for Christians Paul emphasized new doctrines that helped
distinguish Christianity from Judaism Christianity spread; message
of love, eternal life after death found appealing By AD 300, some
10 percent of Roman people were Christian
Slide 70
Results As Christianity spread through Roman world, some local
officials feared Christians conspiring against them; arrested,
killed many Christians Those killed seen by Christians as martyrs,
people who die for their faith Imperial Approval Spread of
Christianity hastened by conversion of emperor Constantine AD 313,
Constantine made Christianity legal within empire, Edict of Milan
By late 300s, polytheism gradually disappeared from empire Threat
Christians persecuted at local level, but large-scale persecution
rare during first two centuries after Jesuss life Large-scale
persecution by Romans grew as rulers saw Christianity as threat
Persecution
Slide 71
Slide 72
Find the Main Idea What helped spread Christianity through the
Roman world? Answer(s): Paul of Tarsus and other disciples;
Constantines conversion; outlawing of public non- Christian
sacrifices by Theodosius
Slide 73
Communities Earliest Christian churches not only spiritual
organizations but close-knit communities Provided all kinds of
support for members Deepening Faith Ceremonies developed to inspire
peoples faith, make them feel closer to Jesus One ceremony was
Eucharist Complex Support included burial services, food, shelter
Christianity grew; organization became more complex Ceremonies
During Eucharist, people eat bread, drink wine in memory of Jesuss
death, resurrection With baptism, people are admitted to the faith
The Early Christian Church
Slide 74
Patriarchs did not recognize the popes supremacy claims at
first, but over time popes gained more influence within the
Christian Church. By about 100, priests who were trained in these
ceremonies became prominent within Christianity. The authority of
the priests was based on the authority Jesus gave the Apostles.
This spiritual authority distinguished the priests from the general
congregation of the church. Church expanded, developed
administrative structure Bishop oversaw church affairs, had
authority over other priests 300s, heads of oldest congregations,
patriarchs, had authority over other bishops Administrative
Structure Expansion of the Church Many believed Peter founded Roman
Church, was first bishop Later bishops of Rome, popes, Peters
spiritual heirs Gospel of Matthew: Jesus gives Peter keys to
kingdom of heaven Therefore future popes inherit keys Peter the
Apostle
Slide 75
Summarize How did the Christian Church change as it grew?
Answer(s): Special ceremonies and rituals developed; priests became
a special class within Christianity; bishops had authority over
priests; the bishop of Rome became a pope.
Slide 76
GROG 6-4 (5 Points) Sequence Using your notes, fill in the
interactive graphic organizer by identifying the sequence of key
events in the spread of Christianity.
Slide 77
The Origins of Islam Chapter 9 Section 1 Pages 257-261
Slide 78
Bell Ringer 9-1 (5 Points) Write a short description of the
organization of the early Christian church. Be sure to include key
officials in the church, their main responsibilities, and a
statement about how their roles changed over time.
Slide 79
Crash Course Islam, the Quran, and the Five Pillars All Without
a Flamewar: Crash Course World History #13 - YouTubeIslam, the
Quran, and the Five Pillars All Without a Flamewar: Crash Course
World History #13 - YouTube
Slide 80
Reading Focus What was Arabia like at the time of Muhammads
birth? What were Muhammads messages, and how were they received?
What are some basic ideas of Islam? Main Idea Muhammad, a merchant
whom Muslims believe was the last prophet, reported that he
received messages from God. The religion he taughtIslamdrew many
followers. The Origins of Islam
Slide 81
Arabia was sparsely populated 1,500 years ago. Small bands of
bedouins moved their herds between scattered oases in the desert.
Farming limited in Arabia Commerce lively Trade routes converged at
Arabian Peninsula Ideas as well as merchandise exchanged
Trade-dependent towns rose near coasts Mecca, near Red Sea, most
important of coastal towns The Setting The Kaaba, cube-shaped
structure, at heart of Mecca 500s, already ancient, considered
sacred Possible meteorite built into one wall, relic from heaven
Idols of local gods inside Site drew religious pilgrims One god
considered supreme: Allah Religious Function The Arabian
Peninsula
Slide 82
Had always been religious man, but faiths of others probably
also influenced Muhammads thinking Took frequent spiritual retreats
Angel appeared to him during retreat, commanded him to speak
messages from Allah Muhammad disturbed by visitation, unsure of
meaning After more visits from angel, Muhammad concluded God had
chosen him to be prophet Muhammads Faith Muhammad ibn Abd Allah
born 570 Parents died, Muhammad raised by uncle, powerful clan
leader Grew up to have successful career in Mecca as merchant
Married to older woman at age 25, fathered seven children, all but
one of whom died young Met followers of Judaism, Christianity while
traveling on business Early Life Muhammad the Messenger
Slide 83
Messages Among many messages from angel, Muhammad reported
Allah one and only true and all-powerful God Other messages,
instructions on how to live to please Allah, live in paradise
Safety Many disliked Muhammads criticism of traditional beliefs in
many gods Only protection of uncle kept him safe After uncles death
Muhammad knew he and followers not safe in Mecca Public Preaching
Muhammad originally told only wife, few friends about experiences
Began to preach in public after about three years, attracted many
followers Some powerful Meccans did not accept teachings The
Revelations
Slide 84
Hegira 622, Muhammad moved to Yathrib, came to be called
Medina, the Prophets City; journey from Mecca to Medina came to be
known as hegira Later Muslims marked year of hegira as first year
of Islamic calendar Mecca People of Mecca who wanted Muhammad
stopped did not give up Fought several battles with Muhammad,
followers, ultimately lost ground 630, Muhammad controlled Mecca,
influence unmatched Building Faith Muhammad spent decade building
community of fellow believers Called faith Islam, meaning achieving
peace through submission to God Followers known as Muslims Sharing
the Revelations
Slide 85
Slide 86
Sequence What events led up to Muhammads taking control of
Mecca? Answer(s): Muhammad moved to Medina, number of followers
grew; Meccans fought him and his followers but lost
Slide 87
As Muhammad gained political power, revelations continued
Muhammad could not read, write; recited revelations Followers
memorized words, some wrote them down Writings Muslims believe as
direct revelations from God collected in Quran, sacred test of
Islam Muslims read from Quran to hear Allahs teachings Seek
religious experience in rhythm, beauty of words Full meaning known
only in original Arabic language Translations not true
representation Quran Five basic acts of worship central to Islam,
Five Pillars of Islam Profession of faith Performance of five daily
prayers Giving of alms to poor, needy Fasting during month of
Ramadan Make pilgrimage to Mecca Five Pillars of Islam Basic Ideas
of Islam
Slide 88
Profession of Faith- Pillar 1 There is no god but God By
affirmation, Muslim signals acceptance of the faith Denies
existence of other gods, accepts Muhammad as prophet Giving Alms to
Poor, Needy Muslims supposed to give percentage of income to
charity Even those with little encouraged to help others Five Daily
Prayers Worshippers say daily prayers five times during day Always
face Mecca to pray, no matter where they are Fasting During
Ramadan- Pillar 4 Muslims required to go without food, drink, dawn
to dusk Ramadan when Muhammad began to report messages written down
in Quran Five Pillars of Islam
Slide 89
Mecca Pilgrimage to Mecca Muslims physically, financially able
required to go to Mecca Journey called the hajj Gather to pray in
mosque Perform various rituals, walk seven times around Kaaba Climb
Mount Arafat, site of Muhammads last sermon
Slide 90
Sunna and Sharia Record of Muhammads behavior, teachings known
as Sunna, tradition, provides guidance in personal relationships,
business Muslim legal system known as Sharia, reflects various
rules by which Muslims should live, outlines method of reasoning,
argument for legal cases, made up of opinions, writings over
several centuries Guidelines for Behavior Quran provides guidelines
for moral behavior Muslims may not eat pork, drink alcohol, must
wash before praying Quran prohibits murder, lying, stealing
Requires jihad, to defend Muslim community, also means holy
war
Slide 91
People of the Book Islam monotheistic like Jewish, Christian
faiths Islamic beliefs: Allah the same as God in Jewish, Christian
traditions Abraham, Moses, Jesus messengers from God Muhammad, last
of Gods prophets Quran represents Gods final message Muslims told
to respect Jews, Christians as people of the book; share tradition
of prophets who taught, received Gods revelations
Slide 92
Summarize What are the acts of worship required of all Muslims?
Answer(s): The Five Pillars of Islamprofession of faith, five daily
prayers, giving of alms, fasting during Ramadan, and the hajj
Slide 93
GROG 9-1 (5 Points) Sequence Using your notes, fill in the
interactive graphic organizer by listing events, in order, that led
to the origins of Islam.