Heart. A large muscle which pumps blood throughout the body.

Heart

Heart

A large muscle which pumps blood throughout the body

1. Chambers- 4

A. Upper: right and left atria

Right-receives de-oxygenated blood from body

Left- receives oxygenated blood from lungs

B. Lower: Right and Left Ventricle

Right-pumps blood into lungs

Left- pumps blood to the body

2. Valves- 4

A. Diastole: Relaxes

1. tricuspid valve-regulates blood flow between Right Atrium (RA) and Right Ventricle (RV)

2. Mitral Valve- lets Oxygen rich blood from your lungs pass from LA to LV

B. Systole: Contraction1. Pulmonary valve - Controls blood flow from rv into pulmonary arteries go to lungs for O2

2. Aortic valve - Opens the way for rich blood to pass from LV into aorta.

Right side

3. Double Pump- pumps oxygenated & deoxygenated blood (2)

Path of Blood

1. Low oxygenated blood enters RA

2. Tricuspid valve

3. RV

4. Contraction (tricuspid-closes, pulmonary-opens)

5. Pulmonary artery

6. Branches into R & L lung7. Gas exchange CO2-O28. Oxygenated blood enters LA9. Mitral valve10. LV11. Contracts (Mitral-closes, aortic

opens)12. aorta13. Fills capillaries

Path of Blood- 13 steps

Label the following structures: pg. 327

1. superior vena cava 10. mitral valve2. inferior vena cava3. RA 11. chordea tendineae4. tricuspid valve 12. LV5. RV 13. aortic valve6. pulmonary valve 14. aorta7. pulmonary arteries 15. papillary mus.8. pulmonary veins 16. septum9. LA 17. apex

Heart pumping

HEART BEAT

vital signcalculated in “bpm”males 70 bpmfemales 75 bpm

newborn-130 3 years- 100

3 months-150 12 years- 85

1 year- 125 adult- 60-101

A. Heart Rate Abnormalities

1. Tachycardia: rapid beating of the heart

2. Bradycardia: slow beating of the heart –heart rate under 60 bpm

B. Target Heart Rate:

Desired range of heart rate reached during aerobic exercise.

AgeTarget HR Zone50–85 %

Average MaximumHeart Rate100 %

20 years 100–170 beats per minute 200 beats per minute

25 years 98–166 beats per minute 195 beats per minute

30 years 95–162 beats per minute 190 beats per minute

35 years 93–157 beats per minute 185 beats per minute

40 years 90–153 beats per minute 180 beats per minute

45 years 88–149 beats per minute 175 beats per minute

50 years 85–145 beats per minute 170 beats per minute

55 years 83–140 beats per minute 165 beats per minute

60 years 80–136 beats per minute 160 beats per minute

65 years 78–132 beats per minute 155 beats per minute

70 years 75–128 beats per minute 150 beats per minute

Heart Sounds

LUB-S1: Block reverse blood flow due to closure of atroventricular valves (mitral, tricuspid)

DUPP-S2: sudden block of reversing blood flow due to closure of aortic and pulmonary valves.

Heart Sounds

heartbeat

Heart Mumors

Abnormal sounds due to a turbulaet flow of blood

Causes:blood flowing fasterincrease in bloodillnesses (fever, anemia)

2. Control of Heartbeat – 2 nodes

A. SA (sinoatrial) node: “pacemaker”- controls the frequency at which the heart beats, inside RA and flows over both atriums.

B. AV (atrioventricular) node: picks up impulse from SA and flows down the septum to carry the impulse over each of the ventricles.

EKG (electrocardiogram) the tracing of the hearts electrical

activity. Help diagnose arrhythmias.

3 types of waves

1. P wave: records electrical activity of atria

2. QRS wave: records electrical activity of ventricles

3. T wave: records the hearts return to rest

Pulse: “heart rate”-rate at which your heart beats.

Pulse is what you feel over an artery as the pressure inside increases following each heart beat.

Blood Pressurerefers to the force exerted by

circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels

Measurement: Can be measured invasively (by penetrating the skin and measuring inside the blood vessels) or non-invasively

1. Systolic Pressure: maximum pressure in an artery-beating and pumping

2. Diastolic Pressure: is the lowest pressure in an artery-resting

Why might a solider standing at attention for a long period of time faint?

If the leg muscles are not used, blood is not pumped back to the heart. As a result, blood pools in the leg veins, and blood pressure falls

Main Arteries