He helped bring an end to apartheid, the racial segregation system in South Africa imposed by the British Spread of disease, robbery, illegal trade Ataturk.

He helped bring an end to apartheid, the racial segregation system in South Africa imposed by the British

Spread of disease, robbery, illegal trade

Ataturk helped Turkey become independent, and then helped them modernize and industrialize

Bellringer

Who was Ataturk and what did he do for the nation of

Turkey?

What are some negative effects of trade?

Who was Nelson Mandela and what change did he help bring in

South Africa?

Jewish people moved to the newly formed Israel, and Arabs were moving out

Hindus move to India, and Muslims move to Pakistan

TheirEconomic and political needs are not met

What are two main reasons for

people to revolt?

Why was the partitioning of

India an example of the

movement of people?

Theorize: Why was the founding of Israel an

example of the movement of people?

African Independence

Africa 1945- present

Decolonization

Why did mass decolonization occur after 1945?

WWII ended in 1945 and the war torn imperial powers were exhausted and weak from the war. They did not want to fight to hold on to their colonies.

How many new nations have been created since 1945 around the world?

Over 100, and the NEWEST nation is ….

South Sudan

9:18-11:10

African decolonization

Since 1945 over 50 new nations out of Africa alone.

Challenges The new nations all shared common goals: Independence, modernize and improve the quality of life

But there were big obstacles:-lack of technology/ industry-Drought -Lack of Education-Political instability-Ethnic rivalries

IndependenceEach nations’ road to independence was different, here are three examples:

-Ghana--1

-Kenya--2

-Algeria--3

3

2

1

Ghana

British Colony- named Gold Coast

After WWII Britain agreed to give ALL African colonies GRADUAL independence over many years

The Gold Coast nationalists, led by Kwame Nkrumah, were not happy with “gradual”

Positive ActionNkrumah was influenced by Pan-Africanists and Gandhi and adopted non violent resistance

He organized strikes and boycotts of British Goods

In 1957 Britain granted the Gold Coast independence

Nkrumah was elected President and renamed the Gold Coast- Ghana- after an ancient and powerful African Empire

Pan- are nationalistic movements

For instance, pan-Arab means unity among the Arabs. Pan-African means pride and unity in Africa. What would

Pan-Slavic mean?

KenyaBritish controlled colony; British settlers displaced Africans and took their farm land

The displaced Africans were called Kikuyu

Two movements for independence:

-Jomo Kenyatta- non-violence

-Armed Guerrillas

Kenya1952- Guerillas were armed with swords and began to burn British Farms and kill livestock

Soon escalated to attacking British settlers

Britain responded by bombing Kenyan Kikuyu strongholds and arresting Kenyatta

1963- Britain finally grants independence to Kenya

Kenyans elect Kenyatta to prime minister

Algeria

French colony with over 1 million French settlers

Nationalist movement led by Algerian Muslims and the National Liberation Front (FLN)

Despite many peaceful requests for independence, France refused to allow the Muslim Algerians to take power

AlgeriaThe French were upset over losing Vietnam, didn’t want to lose Algeria too

The FLN turned to Guerilla warfare to defeat the French

Led to a long war 1954-1962 with hundreds of thousands of deaths

France finally granted independence in 1962

Ethnic ConflictAs the countries of Africa become independent and the European peace keepers left, cultural conflict that was years in the making created civil wars and Genocide:

-Rwanda Hutus and Tutsis attack each other-Sudan Muslims attack the Christian Minority-Somalia is lawless and currently ruled by Pirates

AFRICAList three things that come to mind when you think of Africa. Anything can be said, do not hold back.

Africa TodayWhat do you think about Africa?

Africa today has come a long way. Much of Africa has growing economies, better education and improving healthcare.

Example: Average life expectancy was 43 now over 60 in Kenya

11:10- end

Arab Spring in Africa

What is the Arab Spring?The Arab Spring is a string of revolutions in Islamic countries to get rid of oppressive dictators. It began in Tunisia

People’s RevolutionThe Revolutions of the Arab Spring are led by the people for rights, political say and

freedom

Common Problems What are some of the common problems leading to the Arab Spring

Revolutions

-High Unemployment

-Rising Food Costs

-Corruption

-Oppression

-No political power

Tunisia Beginning 2010- Mohamed Bouazizi, beaten by police

- To protest, Moahamed self-immolated (set himself on fire)

- His action inspired Tunisians to rise up against their dictator, Ben Ali

Arabs saw their Tunisian brothers achieve Revolution, and they followed suit

Egyptian Uprising 2011Background:

-High Unemployment-Food prices rising-Political oppression-Corruption in the Government

Egyptian Arab Spring

The “president” Hosni Mubarak was corrupt and oppressive.

30 year “State of Emergency” giving him complete control

Police beat suspects and enforced one party rule

Discontent simmered but there was no united call for change

The SparkKahled Saeed was beaten to death in public, it was taped and the video was loaded onto YouTube

Soon Facebook created a group entitled “We are all Kahled Saeed”

RevolutionAccess to the video of Saeed’s death, Twitter and Facebook allowed the Egyptian Revolution to spread

Soon over one million Egyptians occupy Tahrir Square in February 2011 demanding President Mubarak resign

Considering what happened in Tunisia and Egypt, why does the Government keep control of internet access with

their Great Firewall?To keep control and prevent the

people from unifying (like in Hong Kong)

Technology played a large role in Egypt

Revolution= ___________change

Murbarak steps down and is arrested February 11, 2011

Tried for his crimes in May, and Executed in June 2011

Democratic Elections occur in September 2011

President Morsi Elected but recently kicked out

Unemployment and economy still in bad shape

Time Line1981- Mubarak in power- oppression

June 2010- Kahled Saeed beaten to death Jan 25, 2011- Large scale

Protests begin in Egypt

Feb. 11, 2011- Mubarak Steps down and arrested May 2011- Mubarak

sentenced to Death

Sept. 2011- Egypt Votes in new government

Worries from the WestDespite a successful Democratic election the West worries the government may fall back into a military dictatorship

Threat of Muslim Brotherhood taking over and enacting Sharia (strict Islamic Law) **We call this fundamentalism- a return to traditional religious values**

What about the Suez Canal? If the nation falls back into revolution, trade may be disrupted

Worries: Theocracy Vs Democracy

Religious Government (Sharia)

People’s Government

The Arab Spring Continues

Who’s Next?

Dictators Fall

Which statements best describes the political situation in Africa after World War II?

a. increased nationalism led to independence for many African nations

b. France and West Germany sought to establish colonies in Africa

c. European nations increased their control over their African colonies

d. The United Nations opposed the idea of self-determination for African Nations

Which factor most limited the development of African Nationalism

a. European support of an educational system based on local traditions and language

b. The prior experience of Africans with economic self-sufficiency

c. Political boundaries imposed by Europeans that has little relationship to African tribal boundaries

d. The European practice of making decisions based on local customs

ReviewA study of revolutions would most likely lead to the conclusion that pre-revolutionary governments

1. Are more concerned about human rights than the governments that replace them

2. Refuse to modernize their armed forces with advanced technology3. Attempt to bring about the separation of government from religion4. Fail to meet the political and economic needs of their people

One way in which Kwame Nkrumah and Jomo Kenyatta are similar is that they all

1) Supported the United Nations military action in the Persian Gulf War

2) Played a major role in independence movements in Africa

3) Rejected financial aid from the world Bank4) Opposed the Pan- African Movement

“If we are to remain free, if we are to enjoy the full benefits of Africa’s enormous wealth, we must unite to plan for the full exploitation of our human and material resources in the interest of all our people.”

This quotation best expresses the major goal of1. Colonialism2. Pan-Africanism3. Imperialism4. Urbanization

Review

A Common problem facing most Latin American and Middle Eastern nations today is that these nations

1. Have little arable land and few mineral resources with which to improve their economies

2. Have chosen not to belong to international organizations

3. Are struggling with a transition to democracy after experiences years of dictatorial rule

4. Are experiencing major problems with the flood of illegal immigrants entering their nations

The stability of many African nations continues to be threatened by the

1.Spread of animism among the people2.Ethnic and tribal loyalties of the people3.Use of command economies4.Establishment of labor unions

After World War II, which Action was taken by many African Territories?

1. Demanding independence from their colonial rulers2. Refusing to join international organizations3. Rejecting most of the technology offered by

Western Nations4. Creating a strong, united Africa

Ivory WarsOne of the greatest disasters facing Africa today is the poaching of their elephant herds. Poachers illegally kill elephants only for their tusks, which are made of Ivory. The tusks are then sold on the black market.

Elephants are necessary for the survival of Africa, as they spread seeds as they roam the open plains, and are a food source for predators such as Lions and Tigers.

Who PoachesPoachers fall into one of two groups:

- poor Africans looking for income to support their families-Terrorist and military groups to buy guns and ammunition

Supply and DemandThe real reason for the Ivory trade is demand from places like China. With over 1 Billion people, China creates a huge demand for ivory. That demand must be supplied. If someone is willing to pay, someone will get the Ivory

What can you do?-Raise Awareness with Facebook and other social campaigns-Sign online petitions-write letters with your parents-raise money for anti-poaching park rangers

Think about itWith a partner examine the causes of poaching in Africa and come up with one way to stop poaching. Now, create one of the following to spread your message:

Poem or song promoting elephant

rescue plans. You can pick a

catchy beat from an

existing song

Informational brochure for

friends, family and peers to

educate them about

elephant problem

Essay- write a 4 paragraph

essay explaining the problem and what can be done to save the elephants in the future

Posters and political

cartoons- Create a series

of 4-5 cartoons or posters to promote

saving the Elephants

AFRICAList three things that come to mind when you think of Africa. Anything can be said, do not hold back.

Africa TodayWhat do you think about Africa?

Africa today has come a long way. Much of Africa has growing economies, better education and improving healthcare.

Example: Average life expectancy was 43 now over 60 in Kenya

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Africa TodayGet into groups of three. You will each be reading an article about Modern Africa. When you finish with your article and Questions you need to discuss the other articles with your group. You should all have the answers when you are finished.

Hand in your completed papers then pick up your Homework:

Read “After Mandela” then write a 2 paragraph response:1st paragraph: Explain why and how Mandela was a dissident

2nd paragraph: Describe two challenges and two positive changes that are occurring in South Africa today.