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Code of Practice for Selection, Management, Use, Maintenance and
Examination of
Hand Chain Blocks & Lever Hoists in the Offshore
Environment
including Sub-sea
Published by the:
Lifting Equipment Engineers Association
3, Osprey Court, Kingfisher Way, Hinchingbrooke Business Park,
Huntingdon PE29 6FN
United Kingdom Tel:+ 44 (0) 1480 432801 Fax: + 44 (0) 1480
436314
E-mail: [email protected] .uk Website: www.leea.co.uk
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Ownership
Name: ____________________________________________________ _
Company: ________________________________________________ __
Department: -----------------------------------------------
Disclaimer
This code of practice will be found to be a usefu l and
authmitative source of infonnation for all those people who are
respons ible for safety in the selection, management, use,
maintenance and examin ation of hand chain blocks and lever hoists
in the offshore environment including sub-sea.
Every effort has been made to achieve the highest degree of
accuracy in the generation of the data and advice supplied, but
ultimate responsibility for safety must continue to rest with the
persons and organisations charged with specific duties in current
legislation.
Second ed ition . ............ April2010
All rights reserved. No pa11 of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form
or by any means, without the prior written permission of the
Lifting Equipment Engineers Association.
Lifting Equipment Engineers Assoc iation 2010
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CONTENTS
Foreword ... .... ....... ...... .. . ... ..... ... ...
.............. 1 Statement by HSE OSD ........... ....... .....
..... . . ............... ...... ..... 2 Organisations cooperating
with LEEA in drafting thi s code ... .......... ....... .......
2
Section I Legal requirements 1.1 Introduction ......
.................. ............ ... ........ ... ........... ......
3 1.2 Current legis lation .. .... .. .. .. ....... .. ... ......
..... .... .. .. ..... . ..... 3 1.3 Summary oflegal requirements
.. . ..... ............... ........... ... .4
Section 2 Selection of equipment 2.1 General .............. ....
......... . .... .4 2.2 Types of hand chain blocks... . .. .....
........ 6 2.3 Types of! ever hoists ...... .......... ...... .
................. ........ .. 8 2.4 Alternatives to hand chain
blocks and lever hoists ....... ..... ... 9 2.5 Hazardous
conditions.......................................... . .. ... 9
Section 3 Information to be provided 3. 1 Legal commentary
................... .... ........ ...... . . .... 10 3.2 Hand chain
blocks- Information which should be
provided by the equipment specifier .......... ........... 10
3.3 Lever hoists- Information wh ich should be
provided by the equipment specifier ... . 11 3.4 Hand chain
blocks and Lever hoists - Information
to be provided by the supplier .... .... ..... . . ..... ..
11
Sect ion 4 Thorough examination including verification testing
4. 1 Legal commentary......... .. .. .......... ....... ..........
.... .... . ... 12 4.2 New equipment prior to supply .. . 12 4.3
In-service equipment .. .... ......... . 13 4.4 Records and reports
. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ...
..... ...... 15
Section 5 Requirements for transportation, storage and control 5
.I Preparation of equipment prior to despatch .. ....
.................. 16 5.2 Transportation and storage conditions
................................. 17 5.3 Management of issue and
return to store .......... ....... ........... 17 5.4 Cleaning of
equipment. . . ........... .... ............... .. ... .... ......
20 5.5 Inspection prior to and following use... .... ....... ... .
....... .... 20 5.6 Quarantine of unserviceable equipment.........
. ..... 23
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Section 6 Maintenance 6.1 Legal
commentary......................... . ........ ......... .. 23 6.2
Maintenance whilst in store offshore. .. .. .. 24 6.3 Periodic
maintenance...... .... ...... .. ........ ...24 6.4 Suitable
lubricants ........... .. ........................ ... ........ ..
... ... ..... 26
Section 7 Historical records 7.1 Records to be kept for the life
of the equipment..... .. .. 27 7.2 Records to be kept for a limited
period ..................... .. ........ 27
Section 8 Planning the lifting operation and safe use of hand
chain blocks and lever hoists
...............................................................
28
Section 9 Training and competency 9.1 Legal commentary
.................. .. ........................ 30 9.2 Essential
knowledge for the planner and operatives ............ 31
Appendix A Check list for thorough examination of hand chain
blocks ..... 33 Appendix B Check list for thorough examination of
lever hoists ................ 36 Appendix C Model data sheet to
identify equipment required
and conditions of use...... .. ........ ..
....................... 39 Appendix D Model report of thorough
examination ..... . . ........ ...... ..... .41
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CODE OF PRACTICE
Foreword This code of practice has been developed by a working
group of the LEEA Technical Committee wh ich included
representatives from the industries which supply, maintain and
thoroughly examine hand chain blocks and lever hoists as wel l as
representatives of the users and the Health & Safety Executive
Offshore Division.
It is app licable to both new equipment and equipment which has
previously been in serv ice.
Its purpose is to address the specific problems associated with
using such equipment in the offshore and sub-sea environments and
does not therefore necessari ly deal with the more general aspects
of using such equipment. For guidance on the more genera l aspects
see the LEEA Code of Practice for the Safe Use of Lifting
Equipment.
The code is based on current knowledge and accepted good
practice. However in parallel with developing the code, the HSE
have commissioned a test programme to collect data about the
perfonnance of typical hand chain blocks and lever hoists under the
marine/sa liferous conditions experienced offshore and sub-sea. The
guidance in this code wil l be reviewed once the resu lts of those
tests are avai !ab le.
The conditions in the offshore environment (ie
marine/saliferous) are often such as to accelerate the
deterioration of equipment compared to normal industrial usage.
Offshore duties can include extremes of temperature, exposure to
corrosive conditions and frequent use up to the maximum capacity.
Selecting equipment most suited to this enviroru11ent can mitigate
some of the consequences but good maintenance, examination,
inspection, transp01tation , storage and control are equally
essential and the code addresses all these matters .
It is recognised that some band chain blocks and lever hoists
may be pem1anently kept and used only within offshore workshops
where the conditions are comparable with normal industrial usage.
If controls are in place to prevent the transfer of such equipment
to areas where the marine/saliferous conditions outlined above
prevail, then the code may not be relevant to such equipment.
However if there is the possibi li ty of equipment transfer, it
is
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recommended that the code should apply to the who le
installation or platform or vessel.
Although specifically developed for use by the offshore
industry, thi s code may be found of value in other industries
which use equipment in arduous environments.
Statement by HSE/OSD The Offshore Division of the UK Health
& Safety Executive strongly support the issue of this Code of
Practice which the Executive see as an important step in helping to
contribute towards the reduction of the number of incidents
involving hand chain blocks and lever hoists which are being
operated and maintained in the offshore environment.
Organisations cooperating with the LEEA in drafting this code of
practice Health & Safety Executive OSD ICE IMCA Shell UK
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Section I Legal requirements 1.1 Introduction Since its
introduction in 1974, the Health and Safety at Work etc Act has
become the prime legislation covering the safety of equipment for
use at work including lifting equipment. It makes broad
requirements and acts as an ' umbrella ' for all the other
regulations. Referring to employment and equipment in general
rather than specific categories, the Act has the effect of uni fy
ing the basic safety requirements . The Health and Safety at Work
Act app lies to the offshore industry as a result of the
Application Outside Great Britain Order 1995: SINo 263.
During the 1990s, the need to implement European Directives made
it necessary to withdraw much of the old sectoral legis lation and
introduce new UK regulations.
The earlier legislation applicable offshore (SI I 0 19) used the
term 'duty holder' but the current legislation referred to below
uses the term 'employer'.
1.2 Current Legislation There are three main regulatory
documents currently applicable in the UK sector covering lifting
equipment and lifting operations. They are: (1) The Health and
Safety at Work Act 1974 as extended to apply to the
offshore industry as a result of the Application Outside Great
Britain Order 1995: Sl No 263 .
(2) The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998: SI
2306 (PUWER) which cover the non-lifting aspects of operations
involving lifting equipment.
(3) The Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations
1998: SI 2307 (LOLER) which specifically cover lifting equipment
and lifting operations.
The supply of new lifting equipment is covered by The Supply of
Machinery (Safety) Regulations 2008. These implement the European
Machinery Directive (2006/42/EC).
Both PUWER and LOLER are supplemented by Approved Codes of
Practice (ACoPs) and guidance notes . The ACoPs give practical
advice on how to comply with the law. If you follow the advice then
you will be doing enough to
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comply with the law in respect of those matters on which tbe
ACoP gives advice.
You may use alternative methods to those set out in the ACoP in
order to comply with the law. However, the A CoP has a special lega
l status. If you are prosecuted for a breach of health and safety
law and it is proved that yo u did not follow the re levant
provisions of the ACoP, you will need to show that you complied
with the law in some other way or a com1 will find you at fau
lt.
1.3 Summary of Legal Requirements In terms of effect, the
requirements of the current Regu lations do not alter greatly what
has been required since the Health and Safety at Work etc Act was
introduced in 1974. However they do deal with the subject in
greater detail. In the context of lifting operations and lifting
equipment, they require: (I) The equipment must be safe and
suitable for its intended purpose. (2) Manufacturers and suppliers
must provide information on the safe use of
their equipment. (3) Those obtaining equipment for others to use
must ensure it is safe and
suitable for the intended purpose. (4) The lifting operation
must be adequately planned, supervised and canied
out in a safe matmer. (5) The personnel who use the equipment
must be suitably trained. (6) The equipment must be maintained in a
safe condition. (7) That declarations of confonnity and records of
thorough examination etc
must be kept.
Section 2 Selection of equipment 2.1 General This code deals
with hand chain blocks and lever hoists but the user should also
consider whether there are more suitable alternatives. Hand chain
blocks are designed for use in the vet1ical plane only and, whi lst
most makes wi ll tolerate some dev iation from the vet1ical, there
is other equipment more suitable for inclined loading or pull ing
loads in the horizontal direction eg lever hoists which are
designed to operate in any plane.
Both these items should only be used in applications where they
are free to articulate with their attachment points and align so
that the load line is a straight pu ll.
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Both items conta in components which will corrode in a marine
environment and, as a result, may seize or their functionality may
be greatly impaired. They also contain components which may cease
to function correctly as a result of lack oflubrication or
contamination with lubricants. When se lect ing chain blocks and
lever hoists for offshore applications the user should be aware of
the harsh environmental conditions which exist offshore and
especially the effects that such conditions can have on the
component parts which make up the blocks and hoists. Situations
where the block or hoist will remain in-situ for long periods of
time without being used can lead to problems with accelerated
conosion of components, difficulties in pre-start inspections,
maintenance etc. Al l hand chain blocks and lever hoists have a
brake mechanism which relies on sufficient torque, arising from the
load lifted, to operate satisfactorily. There is therefore a
MINJMUM load they can safe ly sustain as well as a maximum. The
minimum specified in sections 2.2 and 2.3 and verified in sections
4.2 and 4.3 is 5% of SWL. However exposure to a marine environment
can increase the minimum load required to operate satisfactori ly.
We therefore recommend ti1at THE M[N!MUM LOAD LIFTED SHOULD NEVER
BE LESS THAN 10% OF THE SWL. ln add ition to the above,
consideration should also be given to the fo llowing: (I) If the
block or hoist was first provided for use in the undertaking
between
3 1" December 1992 and 28'h December 2009, the employer must
ensure that it has been designed and constructed in compliance with
the essential hea lth and safety requirements of the Machinery
Directive (98/37/EC). If however, the block or hoi st was first
provided for use in the unde11aking after 28'" December 2009, the
employer must ensure it has been designed and constructed in
compliance with the essential health requirements of the Mach inery
Directive (2006/42/EC). This is a requirement of PUWER (SI 2306)
Regulation I 0. One method of achieving this is to obtain the EC
Declaration of Conformity for the item alternatively ensure that
the CE marking bas been affixed to the equipment.
(2) The block or hoist must have a current report of a thorough
examination containing the infonnation required by Schedule I of
LOLER (SI 2307) and stating that it is safe to operate.
(3) Length of load chain and hand chain required. (4) Ava ilable
headroom. (5) Degree of portability reqnired. (6) Operating effort
available (particularly for larger capacity blocks)
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Notes: (!) Attention is drawn to the ACoP (paragraph 177) to
Regulation 6(1) of
LOLER. This states that: "Hooks and other simi lar devices
provided for li fting should be of a type that reduces the risk of
the load becoming displaced from the hook or other devices."
This requirement can be met by, for example, the use of hooks
with safety catches or by the use of 'C' hooks.
(2) The term 'safe working load' or 'SWL' has been used
thwughout this code as it is the term used by LOLER. Although,
strictly speaking, this may be different from the working load
limit or WLL, for the purposes of this code it has been assumed
that the blocks and hoists will always be rated with their SWL
equal to their WLL, ie nonnally rated. In the event that a
particular app lication requires a block or hoist of higher duty,
it is recommended that the lifting operation plan specifies a block
or hoist which is normally rated but of appropriately higher
capacity. For a full explanation of these terms, see paragraph
1.2.26 of the LEEA Code of Practice for the Safe Use of Lifting
Equipment.
2.2 Types of hand chain block Because of the number of different
makes of blocks currently avai lable the following information is
of a general nature only and may vary from one manufacturer to
another. Some manufacturers can also supply blocks which are
designed and constmcted to be more resistant to the adverse effects
of the offshore environment than the standard product intended for
general industrial use. Whenever possible users should specify
these types of unit from their supplier in preference to the
standard product. Alternative types of equipment should only be
considered by comparison with such specifica lly manufactured
items.
Method of Attachment The block may be of 'suspended ' or ' built
in' pattern, many manufacturers producing both options. Suspended
types nonnally have a top hook by which the block is hung and which
allows a degree of articu lation between the block and the
supporting structure. Built in types are usually combined with a
purpose made travelling trolley, although a direct connection to
the supporting structure may also be possible. The connection
between the block and the trolley or structure is usually rigid .
Some designs of trolley incorporate a braking device which is
effective for track inclines of approximately 6 maximum. Other
options include rack and pinion drive if movement under load
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on an inclined track is required. These options should be
considered if tilt is ltkely eg on a vesse l likely to roll.
Number of Fa lls of Chain The lower capacity blocks ( eg 500kg,
It) lift the load on a single fall of load chain . Higher capacity
blocks may either be of simi lar design but with a larger frame or
may utilise two or more fa lls of load chain. The very high
capacity blocks may utilise a combination of a larger frame and
multiple falls of load chain and may even have two or more frames
linked by a yoke. The various configurations avai lable each have
their own advantages and disadvantages with regard to weight size,
minimum drawn up dimension, hand chain effort required and
cost.
Grade of Components Some load bearing components such as chains
and hooks are graded according to their performance and may vary
between makes and models of blocks. The higher the grade, the
smaller and lighter the component wi ll be for a given safe working
load. Modem blocks use a lloy chain of either grade T(8) or V( 1
0). Such alloy chains are susceptible to Hydrogen embrittlement if
exposed to acidic conditions.
Slack Chain Collection The majority of hand chain blocks are
purchased without provision for storing the slack chain, so that
when the load hook is in a raised position, the slack chain hangs
free ly from the block forming a loop. In some applications this
can present a hazard, with the risk of the slack chain becoming
caught on obstructions or itself becoming a hazard to persons. A
condition can also occur where the brake is held open by the weight
of the slack chain. Some manufacturers and suppliers are able to
offer a collecting box to house the slack chain thereby minimising
the risks.
Where a block is to be fitted with a load chain collecting box
the fo llowing points should be borne in mind: (I) Chain is a load
in itself and the uncontrolled fall of a length of chain
could inflict serious injury upon any personnel in its path, as
well as subjecting the block to a high shock load. To avoid this
risk a load chain collecting box must be properly designed for the
job.
(2) It should be of adequate capacity for all the load chain
when the bottom hook is in the highest possible position, ie when
the block is fully drawn up. lf the box is of inadequate capacity,
the chain wi ll spi ll over the edge
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and, rather like a siphon, once this occurs ALL the chain in the
box will be pulled out at an accelerating rate. A box of inadequate
capacity may also prevent the chain feeding properly into the load
wheel causing a jam or even failure of the chain.
(3) Where moisture or condensation is likely, the box should be
provided with a suitab le drainage hole to prevent a build up of
water. Conos ion resistant materials should be used for the
construction and attachment of the chain collecting box.
Note: The collecting box may be known by other terms such as
bucket or bag as appropriate to the particular design.
Brake Mechanism The block should be fitted with an automatic
brake capable of anesting and susta ining the load. It should
function at all loads down to a minimum of 5% of the safe working
load .
Slack Chain Anchorage The slack end anchorage for the load chain
should be at least equal in strength to 2.5 times the maximum
tension in the load chain when the safe working load is being
lifted.
2.3 Types of lever hoists A number of different makes are
cunently available and in addition some manufacturers produce more
than one model. The following infonnation, although of a general
nature, gives guidance on the main options.
Type of Chain Chain lever hoists are designed to employ one of
two types of chain, fine tolerance (calibrated) round steel link
chain or roller chain. Due to the potential corrosion problems,
roller chain is unsuitable for use in the offshore environment.
Brake Mechanism The hoist should be fitted with an automatic
brake capable of arresting and sustaining the load. It should
function at all loads down to a minimum of 5% of the safe working
load.
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Chain Retention The load chain should be fitted with a stop at
the free end large enough to prevent it passing over the load wheel
or with some other equally effective means of preventing the chain
from mnning out. The stop should be capable of withstanding a load
at least equal to 2.5 times the maximum tension in the load chain
when the safe working load is being lifted.
2.4 Alternatives to Hand Chain Blocks and Lever Hoists One
alternative to both items which should be cons idered, particularly
for underwater applications or those in the splash zone, is the
wire rope jaw winch. Some models have a degree of corrosion res
istance and, although they all require adequate lubrication, they
cannot be over lubricated and no components will suffer from
contamination by lubricants.
If the app lication requires the load to be susta ined for a
significant length of time between the lifting and lowering
operations, cons ideration should be given to using other equipment
to sustain the load as a block or hoist may cmTode during the
sustaining period and be unsafe for a subsequent lifting or
lowering part of the operation. For example the load can be ' tied
off with a suitable wire rope sling. Alternatively consideration
should be given to using fi"es h equipment to take the load before
releasing the equipment which has been sustaining it.
2.5 Hazardous Conditions The following is a list of the most
common conditions known to present a significant hazard and which
may require special consideration when selecting equipment: ( 1)
Underwater and where seabed contaminants are present. (2)
Accelerated corrosion of components due to the
matine/saliferous
conditions particu larly where both salt water and air are
present, eg the splash zone.
(3) Where inflammable material could be ignited by a spark,
particu larly in explosive or potentia lly explosive
atmospheres.
(4) Near to a flare stack, turbine exhaust or hot condensate
lines . (5) Exposed to temperatures outside of the range oo C to
25C. (6) Exposed to chemicals pat1icularly those likely to corrode
meta ls and
ac idic environments eg drilling muds in the rig floor area .
(7) Where movement of the vessel or install ation imposes
additional
dynamic loads on the equipment.
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(8) When the load is low relative to the SWL and may be
insufficient to properly operate the brake. Generally loads of less
than 10% of the SWL should not be li fted.
Section 3 Information and data requirements 3.1 Legal commentary
The essential legal requirements are: (1) The equipment must be
safe and suitable for its intended purpose. (See
HSW A Section 2) (2) Manufacturers and suppliers must provide
infonnation on the safe use of
their equipment. (See HSWA Section 6) (3) Those obtaining
equipment for others to use must ensure it is safe and
suitable for the intended purpose. (See HSWA Section 4) (4)
Employers must ensure that work equipment is on ly used for
operations
for which, and under conditions for which it is suitable. (See
PUWER Regu lation 4)
To achieve those objectives the equipment must be properly
specified, supplied according to the specification, thoroughly
examined before first use and accompanied by the infonnation requ
ired to use it safely. In practice the specification is often
decided jointly by the purchaser and the supplier. Sections 3.2,
3.4 and 3.4 identify the infonnation required and appendix C
provides a model data sheet for this purpose. A proper and
sufficient exchange of infonnation between the parties should exist
in order that, at the outset, the correct and fit for purpose equ
ipment can be supp lied.
3.2 Hand chain blocks - Information which should be provided by
the equipment specifier As hand chain blocks are frequently used
for miscellaneous lifting purposes, precise details of the load to
be lifted are not always avai lab le. ln these circumstances only a
general specification can be given and this should include the
following infom1ation: (I) The safe working load. (2) The maximum
extended dimension. (3) (4) (5)
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The maximum acceptab le drawn up dimension if headroom is
important. The range oflift. The distance from the suspension level
to the operating level. (This caters for the situation where a hand
chain which is shmier than the load chain is required.)
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(6) The conditions of service and in particular any conditions
which the user suspects might be hazardous. See section 2.5 for
guidance on known hazardous conditions.
(7) The type of suspension ie hook suspended or built into a
trolley. In the case of blocks with a bui lt in trolley, the
information required for the trolley is as follows: (a) Type of
trolley. If the trolley is for use where the runway is liable
to
tilt, eg due to roll of a vessel , the nature and amount of
movement to be accommodated, whether movement under load is
required and whether a means of locking in position is
required.
(b) Details of the runway beam section to which the trolley is
to be fitted. These details must be sufficient to fu lly identify
the particular rolled steel section or in the case of a fabricated
section, the various elements from which it is manufactured. In
addition, details of fixing bolts, clips, splices etc are required
to ensure that they will not foul the load bar, trolley wheels or
anti-tilt device where fitted.
(c) If a geared trolley is specified, then the suspension and
operating levels are required so that the length of hand chain may
be detennined.
3.3 Chain lever hoists - Information which should be provided by
the equipment specifier As chain lever hoists are frequently used
for miscellaneous lifting purposes, precise details of the load to
be lifted are not always available. In these circumstances only a
general specification can be given and this should include the
following information: (I) Intended application eg lifting,
tensioning or pulling. (2) The safe working load. (3) The maximum
extended dimension. (4) The maximum acceptable drawn up dimension
if headroom is important. (5) The range of lift. (6) The conditions
of service and in particular any conditions which the user
suspects might be hazardous See section 2.5 for guidance on
known hazardous conditions.
3.4 Hand chain blocks and lever hoists - Information which
should be provided by the supplier The following information should
be provided to the purchaser and accompany the equipment to the end
user:
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(I) Copy of the last LOLER report of thorough examination. (For
new equipment this will be the report of thorough examination
before first use - see 4.2 below)
(2) Instructions for use which should include the following
infonnation: (a) General purpose instructions. (b) Any limitations
or special requirements for use in hazardous
conditions.
Section 4 Thorough examination including verification testing
4.1 Legal commentary Regulation 9 of LOLER (Sl 2307) requires
lifting equipment to the thoroughly examined before being taken
into use for the first time, at intervals throughout its life and
after exceptional circumstances which may jeopardise safety have
occurred. The term ' thorough examination' includes any testing as
is appropriate.
If equipment is transferred from one undertaking to another, as
typically happens with hire equipment, the equipment must be
accompanied by evidence that the last thorough examination required
by this regulation has been carried out.
Regulation 9 permits some flexibility of the requirements
depending upon the particular circumstances but for the purposes of
this code, the good practice set out in 4.2 and 4.3 should be
followed.
4.2 New equipment prior to supply Although LOLER provides an
exemption for new unused equipment for which the employer has
received an EC declaration of confonnity made out not more that 12
months before the equipment is taken into service, due to the
exceptional conditions to which the equipment may be exposed, every
block or hoist should be thoroughly examined before fust use,
including a light load test and a proofload test.
The block or hoist should be examined by a competent person to
check that it has been assembled correctly, the chain fitted
conectly, the brake adjusted, that all fastenings are secure and
that the slack end anchor or chain stop is in place and is adequate
for its purpose.
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The light load test to verifY that the brake will sustain the
minimum required load should be carried out with a load of2%- 5% of
the SWL. The load should be raised and lowered through a height of
between 250 mm and 500 mm. To be acceptable, when the hand chain or
lever is released at any point during the raising and lowering, the
brake should hold the load.
Note: Blocks which are fitted with sea ls may appear to hold the
load by the brake, when in fact it is being held by seal friction
only. This condition does not meet the acceptance criteria.
The proof load test should be carried out at the fo llowing
loads: Up to 10 t SWL-150% ofthe SWL. l 0 t to 20 t SWL- SWL + 5 t
over20 tSWL-125% ofSWL
The proof load may be applied by means of weights or
hydraulically. If a hydraulic testing machine is used it should be
of such a design that the block or hoist can be operated through
the required distance whilst maintaining the proof load within an
accuracy of -0 + I 0% of the required load.
The load should be lifted through such a height as will ensure
that every part of the block or hoist mechanism and each tooth of
the gearing comes under load. To be acceptable, the block or hoist
should sustain the load and, after removing the load, the block or
hoist should be visually examined and found free from defects.
Whilst operated under load, the block or hoist should operate
smooth ly without excessive noise or jumping, particularly any
arising from poor fit of the load chain in the load wheel
pockets.
4.3 In-service equipment Although LOLER permits a maximum period
between thorough examinations of twelve months, due to the
exceptional conditions to which the equipment may be exposed, every
block or hoist should be thoroughly examined at least every six
months or placed in quarantine and thoroughly examined before being
returned to service.
Prior to thorough examination the equipment should be subjected
to thorough maintenance in accordance with 6.3 and all components
examined tn
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accordance with 4.3 .I before being assembled and subjected to
fina l test and examination.
4.3 .I Examination of components Prior to examination, the
equipment should be stripped down to its component pat1S, the
components cleaned and any conosion, paint etc removed in
accordance with 6.3.
The components should be subjected to a visual examination
canied out in good light and, if relying on artificial light, a
good local source, such as a work bench light, should be avai lab
le. The examiner should also have a magnifying glass avai lable
.
For high stress critical components such as hooks, the examiner
should have access to a suitable NDT processes, such as MPI or dye
penetrant, which can detect fme surface cracks.
Some equipment has permanently assembled swivel hooks which
cannot be dismantled for examination. Particular care must be taken
when assessing the condition of the hidden bearing area. Comparison
with a new hook will provide some indication of wear.
As well as checking the condition of the load chain and the load
chain wheel , the examiner shou ld also check the fit of the two.
This is best done with the loadwheel held in the hands and the load
chain laid in place. The loadwheel is then rotated slowly to feed
the chain. Any mismatch will be evident as the chain attempts to
climb out of the wheel.
Check lists for the examination of b:ocks and hoists are
appended to this code as appendix A and B respectively.
4.3.2 Test and examination After assembly, the block or hoist
should be examined by a competent person to check that it has been
assembled conectly, the chain fitted conectly, the brake adjusted,
that all fastenings are secure and that the slack end anchor or
chain stop is in place and is adequate for its purpose.
The block or hoist should then be subjected to a light load test
and a safe working load operational test. In addition, if any
untested load bearing spare parts have been fitted , it should be
subjected to a proof load test. 14
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The light load test to verify that the brake wi ll sustain the
minimum required load should be carried out with a load of2%- 5% of
the SWL. The load should be raised and lowered through a height of
between 250 mrn and 500 mm. To be acceptable, when the hand chain
or lever is released at any point during the raising and lowering,
the brake should hold the load.
Note: Blocks which are fitted with seals may appear to hold the
load by the brake, when in fact it is being held by seal friction
only. This condition does not meet the acceptance criteria.
The proof load test should be carried out at the following
loads: Up to 10 t SWL- 150% of the SWL I 0 t to 20 t SWL- SWL + 5 t
over20 t SWL- 125% ofSWL
For both the safe working load operational test and the proof
load test, the load should be lifted through such a height as wi ll
ensure that every part of the block or hoist mechanism and each
tooth of the gearing comes under load. To be acceptable, the block
or hoist should sustain the load and, after removing the load, the
block or hoist should be visually examined and found free from
defects.
Whilst operated under load, the block or hoist should operate
smoothly without excessive noise or jumping, particularly any aris
ing from poor fit of the load chain in the load wheel pockets.
4.4 Records and reports 4.4.1 Internal job record A record of
all tests and examinations related to the alpha/numeric
identification of the equipment should be made contemporaneous with
the work being done.
The record should identify the persons involved in the test and
examination and show the work done by each, whether the equipment
passed or fai led and be signed by those persons to authenticate
their record.
15
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For examinations of the components of in-service equipment, the
record should identify the person involved, whether the component
passed or failed and be signed by that person to authenticate the
record.
4.4.2 Report of thorough examination A report of thorough
examination, based on and traceable to the record refened to in
4.4. 1, and containing the information spec ified in Schedule I of
LOLER should be issued.
Appendix D provides a model fmm of report for this purpose but
it is emphasised that this is only an example and any fonnat
containing the specified u1fonnation is acceptable.
Section 5 Requirements for transportation, storage and control
5.1 Preparation of equipment prior to despatch The following steps
should be taken to prepare the equ ipment prior to despatch
offshore: (I) All band chain blocks and lever hoists should be
thoroughly examined in
. accordance with section 4 of this code and have been found
safe to operate.
(2) A report of the thorough examination containing the
infonnation specified in Schedule I ofLOLER should be issued.
(3) The equipment should be prepared for shipment by wrapping
and securing the chain(s) to prevent knotting/entanglement, placing
it into a container or securing it to a pallet and protecting it
from damage and corrosion eg by the use of a suitab le lubricant on
chains and sluink wrapping.
(4) The law requires that equipment be accompanied by:
16
(a) Physical evidence that the last thorough examination
required by Regulation 9 of LOLER bas been canied out. (See LOLER
Regulation 9) This should be complied with by providing a copy of
the report of thorough examination in accordance with Schedule I
ofLOLER;
(b) The instructions for use (See HSWA Section 6) . These shou
ld be contained in a protective plastic sleeve and include this
code. Note: If severa l items are despatched together, a separate
copy of the code IS not necessary for every item.
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(5) At the quayside or customer stores, if the equipment is
unpacked for inspection, those responsible should ensure it is
restored to its protected despatched state complete with
documentation before onward shipment.
5.2 Transportation and storage conditions During transport to
the offshore installation and whilst in store on the installation,
the equipment should be protected from exposure to any conditions
wnich may affect its ability to operate safely. In particular it
should not be exposed to: (I) Water/sea water. (2) Temperatures
higher than can be comfortably to lerated with the hand. (3)
Temperatures below freezing point. (4) Solvents. (5) CotTosive
chemicals or fumes. (6) Windblown dust, grit or sand.
The equipment should be stored in a purpose designated storage
facility, eg a rigging loft, where it can be kept secure from
unauthorised use. This may be either a transportab le containerised
rigging loft or a controlled permanent stores. Uncontrolled stores
or stores accessible by personnel not authorised to use lifting
equipment should not be used.
The equipment should be stored on suitable racks in a manner wh
ich prevents accidental mechanical damage.
The storage facility should include a secure quarantine area for
storing equipment no longer fit for further service.
5.3 Management of issue and return to store In this section, the
term 'nominated person' is used to identify a person who should be
responsible for issue and return of equipment, inspection of
equipment between thorough examinations to check whether it remains
fit for service and some maintenance/repairs. It is not intended to
restrict those responsibilities to a single person and it is
recognised that, depending on the type of facility, staffing
levels, sh ift patterns etc one or more people may. be involved.
However in all cases the persons involved should be adequately
trained fo r whatever pa1i of the work they undertake and any
records shou ld identify the particular person involved. See also
section 6 which uses the term in the same context.
17
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The storage facility should be controlled by a nominated person
who is responsible for recording the issue and return of all
equipment. No one other than the nominated person should be
permitted to issue equipment from the store.
All equipment should have a unique alpha/numeric
identification.
Within the equipment store there should be a documented record
of the equipment containing the following information: ( 1)
Alpha/numeric identification. (2) Description including:
make; model; SWL; height of lift;
and additionally for hand chain blocks: if not hook suspension,
the type of suspension/trolley; if hand chain length not matched to
load chain, the operating level height.
(3) Report number of relevant LOLER report of thorough
examination. (4) Date, stated in report referred to in (3), by
which the next thorough
examination must be carried out
There should also be available within the store area for
reference a copy of the instructions for use of the equipment and a
copy of this code.
The person wishing to obtain equipment from the store should
have authorisation for the use of such equipment and should present
it to the nominated person. The authorisation should give an
estimate of the length of time the equipment will be reqnired.
Equipment should not be issued unless authorisation is
produced.
The nominated person should select the specified equipment, make
a record, related to the above equipment record, showing the dates
of issue for use and return of all equipment. The record should
identifY the person and, if appropriate the
department/contractor/location to whom tbe equipment is issued and
be signed by the person to whom it is issued. It should also be
signed by the nominated person at the time of issue to confirm that
it is fit for service at the time of issue.
18
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If the specified equipment is not available, the person wishing
to obtain the equipment should seek new authorisation for any
alternative equipment. Alternative equipment should not be issued
without authorisation.
There should be a clear instruction from the nominated person to
the person obtaining the equipment that they are responsible for
ensuring it is used only for the purpose for which it is authorised
and retumed to the store after completing the job and that it
should not be left unsecured or available for unauthorised persons
to use.
ln the event of a shift or crew change whilst work is in
progress, there should be a hand over procedure to fotmally pass
responsibility on .
The nominated person should, so far as is reasonably
practicable, actively monitor equipment taken from stores and not
returned within the time estimated to ensure that it is not left
unsecured or available for unauthorised persons to use and to take
steps to recover it if it is so found.
On return to stores, the nominated person on duty should enquire
whether there are any operational problems with it (eg brake
slipping, not operating smoothly, jumping under load, excessive
effort required), or whether it has been exposed to exceptional
circumstances eg chemical contamination or overload. The person
responsible for the equipment whilst it was in use should repot1 if
such be the case and the nominated person should immediately label
it as unfit for service and note the problem repot1ed. lf the
problem cannot be rectified within the nominated person 's remit,
it should be placed in the secure quarantine store immediately.
All other equipment returned to stores should be cleaned if
required and inspected as detailed in section 5.5 by the nominated
person and, if fit for service, returned to the available for use
racks. Equipment found not fit for service should be labelled as
unfit for service and placed in the secure quarantine store
immediately.
If equipment carmot be cleaned and inspected at the time of
return to stores, it should be labelled as awaiting inspection and
placed in the secure quarantine store inunediately until such time
as it can be done.
It is recommended that a visible record system, such as aT card
system, is used to indicate the availability and serviceability
status of all equipment in the
19
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store, equipment which bas been issued and is out of store and
the dates of issue and return together with details of whom it was
issued to and , if issued for use in hazardous conditions, the
nature of those conditions.
5.4 Cleaning of equipment Equipment returned to store should be
checked for contaminants and cleaned if necessary prior to
inspection and further storage.
Equipment used sub-sea or which has been exposed to sea water
splash/spray should be washed with fresh water without pressure.
Pressurised jets should not be used as they can remove essential
lubricants or cause them to migrate to brake components which
should be fiee of lubricant.
After washing the equipment should be dried without the
application of direct heat.
"Equipment should not be immersed into lubricant, diesel etc in
an attempt to displace water as this will allow lubricant into the
brake components.
The equipment should not be dismantled for cleaning except by an
authorised competent person. However non-load bearing gear covers
may be removed by suitably trained personnel to provide access to
wash, dry and lubricate gears . Such covers should be replaced
correctly immediately afterwards.
The load chain may be lubricated.
The pawl pivot and spring may be lubricated if clearly visible
and accessible without dismantling. Care should be taken to avoid
any lubricant entering the brake components and, as a precaution,
before applying the lubricant the brake should be closed by
operating the equipment in the hoisting direction.
For a list of suitable lubricants for the various parts of the
equipment see section 6.4 Only these approved lubricants should be
used. lf other types of lubricants have to be used, then this
should only be done with the approval of the equipment
supplier.
5.5 Inspection prior to and following use With the exception of
equipment quarantined as unserviceable, all equipment in the store
should previously have been inspected and found to be tit for
20
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service. At the time of issue from the store all equipment
should be inspected by the nominated person to ensure it has not
deteriorated during storage.
The equipment should therefore be checked for correct operation
bearing in mind that some components may have seized due to
corrosion. In particular the equipment should function freely and
smoothly in both hoisting and lowering directions, the brake should
engage and release smoothly, the ratchet pawl should operate freely
and on lever hoists, the lever reversing pawl selector and hand
wheel should operate freely.
On return to stores, after any cleaning and drying but before
lubrication, the nominated person should inspect the equipment for
defects arising from use in service. ln particular the following
should be looked for:
Hand chain blocks (I) The load chain is worn or damaged. In
particular, attention should be
given to the wear which occurs on the bearing surfaces inside of
the links and to damage in the fonn of bent, notched, stretched or
corroded links. The chain should articulate freely. In certain
circumstances, very rapid wear of the load chain can develop, which
is characterised by a rough appearance on mating surfaces inside
ofthe links.
(2) The load chain sprocket should be checked for debris in the
pockets . Any build up of debris will prevent the load chain from
seating correctly and should be removed.
(3) Obvious signs of 'opening out' of hooks, that is any
noticeable increase in the throat opening, or any other fonn of
distortion in the hooks or suspension fittings.
( 4) Missing or damaged hook safety catch. (5) Obvious signs of
damage to the slack end anchor which connects the load
chain to the block casing or to the load chain stop where one is
fitted. (6) The hand chain is worn or damaged, particularly on the
bearing surfaces on
the inside of the links, or is corroded, bearing in mind
possible damage to the operative's hands.
(7) The alpha/numeric identification or the safe working load
markings are not clearly visible.
(8) General damage to the block body, including any gear covers
or chain guides.
21
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Lever hoist (I) The load chain is worn or damaged. In
particular, attention should be
given to the wear which occurs on the bearing surfaces inside of
the links and to damage in the fonn of bent, notched, stretched or
corroded links. The chain should articulate freely. In certain
circumstances, very rapid wear of link type load chain can develop
which is characterised by a rough appearance on mating surfaces
inside of the links.
(2) The load chain wheel should be checked for debris in the
pockets . Any build up of debris will prevent the load chain from
seating correctly and should be removed.
(3) Obvious signs of 'open ing out' of hooks, that is any
noticeable increase in the throat opening, or any other fmm of
distortion in the hooks or suspension fittings.
(4) Missing or damaged hook safety catch. (5) Obvious signs of
damage to the load chain stop or the chain anchor which
connects the load chain to the lever hoist casing, whichever is
applicable. (6) The alpha/numeric identification or the safe
working load markings are not
clearly visible. (7) General damage to the lever hoist body,
including any gear covers,
breaking of overload protection devices, conhols or chain
guides, and in pa11icular to the operating lever which could
indicate a previous overloading.
If any of the above are found they should be rectified if within
the nominated person's remit.
Note: The remit should not permit the dismantling of the load
bearing components of the equipment or of the brake. See section
5.1
If any of the above are found and cannot be rectified, the
equipment should be labelled as unfit for service and placed in the
secure quarantine store immediately.
If the person returning the equipment to the store reports that,
when operated under load, there is any jumping or excessive noise
of either the hand chain or load chain, any undue effort is
required or any visible slipping of the brake, the equipment should
be labelled as unfit for service and placed in the secure
quarantine store immediately.
22
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The nominated person should make a signed and dated record of
the inspection and any rectification work clearly indicating if the
equipment is fit for further service.
5.6 Quarantine of unserviceable equipment Any equipment found
not fit for further service for whatever reason should be labelled
as unfit for service with reasons why and placed in the secure
quarantine store inunediately.
Such equipment should not be issued for service under any
circumstances until it has been repaired and subject to thorough
examination by a competent person under the provisions of
Regulation 9 of LOLER and a report, complying with Regulation I 0
and Schedule I of LOLER, has been issued stating that the equipment
is safe to operate.
Equipment labelled as awaiting inspection may be returned to
service if found fit for service following inspection by the
nominated person.
Section 6 Maintenance 6.1 Legal commentary There is a general
requirement in PUWER (SI 2306) Regulation 5 to ensure that work
equipment is maintained in an efficient state, in efficient working
order and in good repair. The efficiency and safety of hand chain
blocks and chain lever hoists is very dependent upon:
(I) Them being free of contaminants and corrosion which cause
components to seize.
(2) Them being suitably lubricated and the lubricant kept away
from the brake.
(3) Components liable to wear and deterioration being replaced
before their condition becomes dangerous .
In the offshore environment, all three of these matters requires
regu lar attention. Whi lst basic maintenance and minor repairs can
often be made at the storage facility, to deal with these matters
adequately, the equipment should periodically be taken to a
maintenance facility with suitable equipment and
tra in~d personnel who can carry out the work.
23
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6.2 Maintenance whilst in store offshore In this section, the
term ' nominated person' is used to identify a person who should be
responsible for issue and return of equipment, inspection of
equipment between thorough examinations to check whether it remains
fit for service and some maintenance/repairs. It is not intended to
restrict those responsibilities to a single person and it is
recognised that, depending on the type of facility, staffmg levels,
shift patterns etc one or more people may be involved. However in
all cases the persons involved should be adequately trained for
whatever part of the work they undertake and any records should
identify the particular person involved. See also section 5 which
uses the term in the same context.
Any maintenance carried out whilst in store offshore should be
under the control of the nominated person.
The nominated person should be given a clear written remit about
what repairs may be undertaken by him without affecting the
integrity of the equipment to the extent that it must undergo
thorough examination.
The remit should not permit the dismantling of the load bearing
components of the equipment or of the brake.
6.3 Periodic maintenance The fo llowing good practice should be
followed:
6.3.1 Dismantling The equipment should always be stripped down
to its component parts.
6.3 .2 Retention of identity
24
The component parts for a particular block or hoist should
retain their identity and not be mixed with similar components from
other blocks or hoists. This is necessary to ensure an accurate
history of the equipment and may be achieved by, for example,
putting the parts into an individual storage box.
The manufacturer' s plate should not be removed. If it becomes
damaged it should be replaced with a genuine spare and the
information transferred. If a supplier's plate is fitted , it
should be in addition to the manufacturer's plate.
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6.3.3 Cleaning of components The components should be thoroughly
cleaned by an appropriate process. The processes used should not be
detrimental to the components nor should they tend to hide defects
. Therefore, for example, acids must not be used as they may cause
hydrogen embrittlement of chain. In general a chemical wash to
remove lubricants and contaminants, followed by a light grit blast
to remove paint and corrosion is appropriate although for chain,
dry rumbling is preferred to grit blasting.
6.3.4 Examination of components Following cleaning the
components should be visually examined for defects in accordance
with 4.3 .I and any found faulty replaced.
If there is any doubt about the condition of the brake disks,
new ones should be fitted.
6.3 .5 Quality of replacement components Any replacement
components should be suitable for their purpose. In general ,
components should be to the same specification as those in the
equipment when first supplied by the original equipment supplier
unless subsequently superseded by components of improved
specification which make them more suitable for use in the offshore
environment, in which case the later specification should be
used.
Particular care should be taken with brake disks as disks of
comparable size and appearance may be made of different material
and not perform to the same standard.
The load chain should be the correct grade, size and fit. The
grade can be identified from manufacturer's marks on the links at
intervals, generally every 20th link. As well as being of the
correct nominal size, the pitch should also be checked as, for any
given size, there may be small variations in pitch to match the
chain to a particular design of pocket wheel.
The hand chain should also be of the correct size and fit.
25
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6.3.6 Treatment to resist corrosion and lubrication After
examination and before assembly, the components to be used should
be treated to resist corrosion and, where appropriate, lubricated.
See section 6.4 for suitable lubricants.
The working faces of the brake should be left clean and dry and
not treated or lubricated in any way. The volume of lubricant on
other components should be such that it will not work or migrate
from these components onto the faces of the brake unit under
operational conditions.
In general, the surface of all other components liable to
corrode should be treated.
Except for bearing surfaces, the frame or body of the block or
hoist, both sides of all covers, the hand chain wheel or lever and
the .top and bottom hooks should be painted.
All surfaces of gears and shafts and the bearing sutfaces of
other components should be coated with a suitable lubricant to
serve the dual purpose of protection and lubrication (see section
6.4 for suitable lubricants ).
For convenience of working, the chains may be lubricated after
assembly.
6.3. 7 Records of maintenance and repair A record related to the
alpha/numeric identification of the equipment should be kept of the
maintenance and repairs done and any eomponents replaced.
The record should be made contemporaneous with the work being
done.
6.4 Suitable lubricants The lubricants used should be chosen to
suit the specific application if known. For all other applications,
the following two types of lubricant should be used:
( l) A water tolerant grease suitable for gears and bearings and
the temperature range likely to be found during shipment, storage
and use .
For example Shell Alvania WR 2.
26
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(2) A wax based lubricant I corrosion protective product which
can be applied by dipping or spray to the chains.
For example Shell Ens is SX.
COSHH data should be obtained for all lubricants used and, where
necessary, control measures identified.
Section 7 Historical records 7.1 Records to be kept for the life
of the equipment The EC declaration of conformity, cross referenced
to the alpha/numeric identification of the equipment, should be
kept by the owner of the equipment for so long as the equipment is
available for use.
The instmctions for use provided by the manufacturer should also
be kept by the owner of the equipment for so long as the equipment
is availab le for use.
For equipment where safety depends upon the installed
conditions, the report of thorough examination fo llowing
installation which states that it has been installed correctly and
is safe to operate should be kept by the employer until he ceases
to use the equipment at the place it was installed.
7.2 Records to be kept for a limited period The following
records cross referenced to the alpha/numeric identification of the
equipment should be kept by the person responsible for making them
for at least the periods shown:
Record ( l ) Report of thorough examination
(2) In-service issue and return
(3) In-service inspection record
Minimum Period Two years or until next such report is issued wh
ichever is the longer
Until equipment is withdrawn from service for maintenance and
thorough examination*
Until equipment is withdrawn from service for maintenance and
thorough examination*
27
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(4) Maintenance record Two years or four maintenance periods
whichever is the longer
For hire equipment transferred from one undertaking to another,
the copy of the report of thorough examination referred to in
5.1(4)(a) shou ld be kept until the equipment is withdrawn from
service or returned off hire.
*If the equipment has been withdrawn fiom service fo llowing an
incident, these records should be retained until after the incident
has been investigated.
Section 8 Planning the lifting operation and safe use of hand
chain blocks and lever hoists The LEEA Code of Practice for the
Safe Use of Lifting Equipment, edition 7 dated May 2009 provides
general guidance on planning the lifting operation in Section I
Appendix I. 7 and information for the safe use of hand operated
chain blocks and lever hoists in sections 2 and 3 respectively.
Because of the number of different makes of blocks and hoists
currently available, the information in the Code is of a general
nature only and the limitations of use may vary from one make or
model to another. Therefore in formu lating policy on safe use, the
manufacturer' s instructions should always be taken into
account.
The fo llowing restrictions on use should always apply:
(I) Never use equipment which does not have a current report of
thorough examination, stating that it is safe to operate.
(2) Never use equipment that has been withdrawn fiom service and
quarantined due to a defect.
(3) Always inspect the equipment before use and do not use it if
any of the fo llowing defects are fo und:
28
(a) The load chain is heavily corroded or damaged. In
par1icular, attention should be given to damage in the form of
bent, notched or stretched links. The chain should articu late
fieely.
(b) Obvious signs of 'opening out' of hooks, that is any
noticeab le mcrease rn the throat openmg often indicated by the
position of the
-
safety latch, or any other form of distortion in the hooks or
suspension fittings.
(c) Obvious signs of damage to the slack end anchor which
connects the load chain to the block casing or to the load chain
stop where one is fitted. The anchorage or load chain stop must be
of at least equal strength as the chain to prevent accidental nm
out.
(d) On a hand chain block, the band chain is corroded or
damaged, bearing in mind possible injury to the operative's hands.
On a lever hoist the operating lever is distorted which could
indicate a previous overloading.
(e) General damage to the block or hoist body, including any
gear covers, breaking of overload protection devices, controls or
chain guides
(f) When operated under load there is any jumping or excessive
noise of either the hand chain or lever or load chain, any undue
effort is required or any visible slipping of the brake.
( 4) Never use the load chain to sling the load, ie do not wrap
the chain around the load and back hook it or pass the chain
through the load so that it lies across an edge or corner of the
load. The load chain should always be free to take up a straight
line under load.
(5) Ensure that tbe top arid bottom hooks are free to articulate
in their respective connection points so that the block or hoist is
free to take up a straight line under load.
(6) Never overload the equipment. If more than one block or
hoist are used to lift or lower a load, the plan for the lifting
operation should ensure that the load imposed on each is never more
than its SWL. In particular care should be taken in planning the
lowering operation when lowering on one block or hoist transfers
the load to others.
(7) Never extend the handle of a lever hoist with a tube or
similar implement to increase the leverage nor apply any method of
power drive to a hand chain block or lever hoist. The majority of
band chain blocks and lever hoists are designed to be capable of
operation by a single person. lf it is
29
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found that additional effort is required then either the
equipment is overloaded or is in need of maintenance and should be
withdrawn from service. That is not to prec lude the use of two
persons which may be found advantageous in some app lications but
is to indicate the degree of operating effort nonnally
required.
(8) Do not attempt to lift a load of less than 10% of the SWL of
the hand chain block or lever hoist. This is because the brake
relies on the torque generated by the load. Under test the brake is
checked down to 5% of the SWL but prolonged storage and exposure to
hot or cotTosive atmospheres can affect the efficiency of the
brake.
(9) If equipment is to be left in place sustaining a load in
environmental conditions where heat or rapid corrosion can occur,
the li fttng plan should recognise that the brake may not function
CO!Tectly or efficiently when the time comes to lower the load.
Alternative methods of sustaining the load or the use of fresh
equipment to take over and lower the load should always be
considered.
Section 9 Training and competency 9.1 Legal Commentary There is
a general duty on emp loyers under Section 2 of the Health and
Safety at Work Act 1974 which includes:
"the provision of such infom1ation, instruction, training and
supervision as is necessary to ensure, so far as is reasonably
practicable, the health and safety at work of his employees"
Regu lation 8 ofLOLER requires:
{I) Eve1y employer shall ensure that eve1y lifting operation
involving lifting equipment is-
{a) (b) {c)
properly planned by a competent person; appropriately
supervised; and carried out in a safe manner
and paragraph 210 ofthe ACoP states:
30
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"21 0 The person p lanning the operation should have adequate
practical and theoretical knowledge and experience of planning
lifting operations."
The guidance recognises that the competent person required to
cany out the planning is unlikely to be the same person refeiTed to
in regulation 9. However, whilst the ACoP and gu idance give much
useful advice about p lanning and canying out the lifting
operation, it does not add much about the knowledge which the p
lanner and the operatives should have. Section 9.2 below lists the
essential knowledge each should have.
9.2 Essential knowledge for the planner and operatives The
planner should be fami liar with : (I) Legislative requirements
particularly:
(a) general duties of employees at work (b) duties of employers
to employees (c) PUWER (d) LOLER (e) HSE Technical guidance on the
safe use of li fting equipment
offshore ref HSG221 (2) Industry codes and guidance,
pa11icularly:
(a) the LEEA code of practice for the safe use of li fting
equipment (b) this code
(3) Principles of selecting blocks and hoists for use in the
offshore envirol1111ent
(4) Princip les of risk assessment and duties in this respect
under the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations
1999
(5) lnfom1ation to be contained in a lifting operation plan (6)
Operative training requirements and operative registration schemes
eg
SHE, SCAT (7) PPE requirements
The operative should be fami liar with: (I) Legislative
requirements particularly the general duties of employees at
work (2) Industry codes and guidance, particularly:
(a) the LEEA code of practice for the safe use of lifting
equipment (b) this code
(3) Control and issue procedures
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(4) Inspection procedures: (a) pre-use (b) post-use
(5) Reporting of equipment fa ults ( 6) Basic slinging practices
(7) Methods of estab lishing:
(a) we ight of load (b) position ofC ofG (c) positioning and
suitability oflifting points
(8) Reporting of inc idents and accidents
Regu lation 9 of LOLER requires that the thorough examination,
including the appropriate testing, is carried out by a competent
person. The term is not defined within the regu lations, but
paragraph 294 of the ACoP states:
"294 You should ensure that the person carrying out a thorough
examination has such appropriate practical and theoretical
knowledge and experience of the lifting equipment to be thoroughly
examined as wi ll enable them to detect defects or weaknesses and
to assess their importance in relation to the safety and continued
use of the lifting equipment."
Paragraph 295 of the guidance adds the following:
"295 It is essential that the competent person is sufficiently
independent and impartial to a llow objective decisions to be made.
This does not mean that competent persons must necessarily be
employed from an external company. If employers and others within
their own organisations have the necessary competence then they can
use it. However, if they do, they must ensure that their '
in-house' examiners have the genuine authority and independence to
ensure that examinations are properly carried out and that the
necessary recommendations arising from them are made without fear
or favour."
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Appendix A - Check list for thorough examination of band chain
blocks
(I) Prior to examination, the equipment should be stripped down
to its component parts, the components cleaned and any corrosion,
paint etc removed in accordance with section 6.3.
(2) Hand wheel cover - examine cover for cracks, distortion and
broken parts - check it allows free running of hand chain wheel
(3) Hand chain -examine hand chain for wear, nicks and corrosion
- check pitch of hand chain in hand chain wheel
(4) Hand chain wheel - examine hand chain wheel for wear and
damage - examine machined thread for wear and damage
(5) Brake assembly - examine splines, threads and ratchet teeth
for wear and damage - examine brake component surfaces and ensure
they are smooth and flat - check fit of ratchet ring bush and
screw~d sleeve - check condition of pawls and pawl springs and
ensure pawls operate
freely - check brake discs and, if in doubt, replace with
new
( 6) Load chain dead end anchor pin - examine anchor pin(s) and
links for strength, security, distortion and
wear (note that this should be at least equal in strength to 2.5
times the tension in the load chain at SWL)
(7) Bottom hook -examine load pin for distortion and wear -check
that the hook swivels freely and there is no excessive wear on
the
shank - check hook for stretch, distortion and wear - check that
safety latch is present and operates correctly
(8) Gear cover -examine for cracks, distortion and broken
parts
33
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(9) Spur gears, drive pinion and shaft - examine all gears for
wear, fracture and alignment -examine drive pinion for damage and
distortion - check shaft for straightness
(1 0) Load chain - check that chain is of correct grade
(normally embossed every 20th link) - examine and measure load
chain checking for bent, notched, stretched,
wom or corroded links
(11) Intemal fiame side plates - examine body plates for
alignment and ensure they are free from wear
and distortion - examine load pin holes for signs of wear and
stretch - where applicable, check top hook yoke and cross bar for
wear and
distortion
(12) Top hook - examine load pin for distortion and wear - check
that the hook swivels freely and there is no excessive wear on
the
shank - check hook for stretch, distortion and wear - check that
safety latch is present and operates correctly
(13) Chain rollers , chain guide and chain shipper -examine
chain roller and pin for wear and damage - examine chain guide for
wear and damage - examine chain stripper for wear and damage
(14) Load chain pocket wheel - check load chain pockets for wear
and damage, ensuring satisfact01y
seating of load chain in pockets
( 15) Bearings - examine all bearings I bushes for wear - check
smoothness of operation
34
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(16) Mu lti-fall blocks - check all load chain reeving sprockets
for wear and ensure they rotates
free ly - check all associated bearings and pins - check all
sprocket frames for wear, damage and distortion
(17) General - check that all components are suitable for their
purpose and have not
been replaced by inadequate substitutes
35
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Appendix B - Check list for the thorough examination of lever
hoists
(I) Prior to examination, the equipment should be stripped down
to its component parts, the co.mponents cleaned and any conosion,
paint etc removed in accordance with section 6.3.
(2) Lever assembly - examine lever and hand wheel for cracks,
distmtion and broken pa1ts - check conect operation of pawl
changing mechanism - examine pawl for wear - examine fit of pawl to
stud - examine pawl springs for corros ion and fractures
(3) Brake assembly - examine splines, threads and ratchet teeth
for wear and damage - examine brake component surfaces and ensure
they are smooth and flat - check fit of ratchet ring bush and
screwed sleeve - check condition of pawls and pawl springs and
ensure pawls operate
free ly - check brake discs and, if in doubt, replace with
new
( 4) Load chain dead end ring or stopper examine anchor ring or
stopper for strength, security, distortion and wear (note that this
should be at least equal in strength to 2.5 times the tension in
the load chain at SWL)
(5) Bottom hook - examine load pin for distortion and wear -
check that the hook swivels free ly and there is no excess ive wear
on the
shank - check hook for stretch, distortion and wear - check that
safety latch is present and operates conectly
(6) Gear cover - examine for cracks, distortion and broken
pa1ts
(7) Spur gears, drive pinion and shaft - examine all gears for
wear, fracture and alignment -examine drive pinion for damage and
distortion - check shaft for straightness
36
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(8) Load chain -check that chain is of correct grade (normally
embossed every 20th link) - examine and measure load chain checking
for bent, notched, stretched,
worn or corroded links
(9) Internal frame side plates - examine body plates for
alignment and ensure they are free from wear
and distortion - examine load pin holes for signs of wear and
stretch - where applicable, check top hook yoke and cross bar for
wear and
di stortion
( l 0) Top hook - examine load pin for distortion and wear -
check that the hook swivels freely and there is no excess ive wear
on the
shank - check hook for stretch, distortion and wear - check that
safety latch is present and operates correctly
(11) Chain rollers, chain guide and chain stripper - examine
chain roller and pin for wear and damage - examine chain guide for
wear and damage - examine chain stripper for wear and damage
( 12) Load chain pocket wheel - check load chain pockets for
wear and damage, ensuring satisfactory
seating ofload chain in pockets
(13) Bearings - examine all bearings I bushes for wear - check
smoothness of operation
( 14) Multi-fall hoists - check all load chain reeving sprockets
for wear and ensure they rotates
freely - check all associated bearings and pins - check all
sprocket frames for wear, damage and distortion
37
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(15) General - check that all components are su itable for their
purpose and have not
been replaced by inadequate substitutes
38
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Appendix C - Model data sheet to identify equipment required and
conditions of use
It is recommended that a data sheet is used to specify the
equipment required. The following model data sheet can be used by
the enquirer/purchaser to specify and obtain the information
referred to in sections 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4 and by the supplier to
specify what is offered for sale or hire including any limitations
on its use and special maintenance requirements. Additional
infonnation such as dates, enquiry or purchase order numbers,
documentary requirements, signatures of acceptance/approval etc may
be added as required.
Technical and Operational Requirements to be Specified by the
Enquirer or Purchaser The Equipment Required Hand Chain Block Lever
Hoist Safe workino load tonnes tonnes Minimum A dimension required
metres metres Maximum B dimension required metres metres Minimum C
dimension required metres metres D dimension required metres Built
in trolley required (if yes, Yes I I No I state type and beam
section)
Chain box required Yes I I No I Overload orotection required Yes
I I No I Yes I I No I The Location and Conditions of Use Site RiQ
Platform Mono hull Zone explosive rating Non-hazardous Zone 1 Zone2
Operating temperature Below so C so c to 30 C Above 30 C Operatina
zone Sub-sea I I Splash zone I I Drilling fioor I I Dry location
I
Equipment proposed by the supplier Name of supplier Make 1 I
Model I Ito number I Limitations of use
Special requirements
39
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I I I I I I I I I exle~ded I I I dimension I I I I c I I range I
I of lift '-../
/
40
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Appendix D - Model report of thorough examination of lifting
equipment
REPORT OF A THOROUGH EXAMINATION OF LIFTING EQUIPMENT This
report complies with the LiftinQ Operations and LiftinQ Equipment
Requlations 1998
Date of thorough examination: I Date of report: Report
number:
Name and address of employer for whom the thorough examination
was made:
Add ress of premises at which the examination was made:
Description and identification of the Safe working Date of Date
of last equ ipment: load(s): manufacture if thorough
known: examination :
Is th is the first examination after installation or after
assembly at a new site or location?
YES NO
If the answer to the above question is YES, has the equipment
been installed correctly?
YES NO
Was the examination carried out: with in an interval of 6
months? YES NO within an interval of 12 months? YES NO in
accordance with an examination scheme? YES NO after the occurrence
of exceptional circumstances? YES NO Identification of any part
found to have a defect which is or could become a danger to persons
and a description of the defect: (If none state NONE)
Is the above a defect which is of immediate danger to
persons?
YES NO
~a~;e~~g~~~g;!~ct(~~~~ i~t~?~ (~~ ~~t;~~~~~~g)me a YES by: NO
Particulars of any repair , renewal or alteration required to
remedy the defect identified above:
Particulars of any tests carried out as part of the examination:
(If none state NONE)
IS THIS EQUIPMENT SAFE TO OPERATE? YES NO Name of the person
making this report:
Name of the person authenticating this report:
Latest date by which next thorough examination must be ca rried
out:
Signature: Name and address of employer of persons making and
authenticating this report:
XYZ Lifting Equipment Co Ltd, Any Street, Any Town, Any
County
4 1
120120409180744807