Haley Claunch Tessa Drews Alexandra Nelson Chapter 7 Agriculture and Rural Geography.

Haley ClaunchTessa Drews

Alexandra Nelson

Chapter 7 Agriculture and Rural Geography

•Historical Geography of Agriculture

•Geography of Modern Agriculture

•Agriculture and the Environment

Main Topics

• Agribusiness• Agriculture• Animal husbandry• Biotechnology• Capital-intensive agriculture• Commercial agricultural economy• Dairying• Desertification• Domestication• Extensive agriculture• Feedlots• Fertile Crescent• Genetically modified organisms• Green Revolution• Hunting and gathering• Industrial Revolution• Intensive cultivation• Labor-intensive agriculture

Terms to know

• Livestock ranching• Mechanization• Mediterranean agriculture• Pastoralism• Pesticides• Planned agricultural economy• Plantations• Salinization• Shifting cultivation• Slash-and-burn agriculture• Specialty crops• Subsistence agricultural economy• Swidden• Topsoil loss• Transhumance• Urban sprawl• Von Thunen model

Terms continued…

•http://www.missmaggie.org/geospy_files/geospy.html

•Http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/Controller.jpf

•http://www.studystack.com/

Helpful websites

http://www.missmaggie.org/geospy_files/geospy.html

http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/Controller.jpf

http://www.studystack.com/

Quiz Show

What are the three sectors of primary economic activities and which sector does agriculture belong in?

The primary, secondary and tertiary sectorAgriculture belongs in the primary sector

TRUE or FALSE?TRUE or FALSE?

Agriculture is the deliberate tending of crops and livestock in order to produce food and fiber.


One of the major migrations involved with agriculture was early Asia to Australia, the Middle East, Europe and Africa

What are the changes that resulted from the Neolithic revolution?Increase of reliable food supplies, rapid

increase in total human population, job specialization, widening of gender differences, development of distinction between settled people and nomads


According to Carl Sauer, the earliest form of plant cultivation was seed agriculture

When and where did the second agricultural revolution begin?

Began in western Europe in the 1600’s

It intensified agriculture by promoting higher yields per acre and per farmer

Farmers in less developed countries usually produce food through what type of agriculture?

Subsistence agriculture

Shifting Cultivation

Specialty Crops

Swidden

Transhumance

Urban Sprawl

The process of urban areas expanding outwards, usually in the form of suburbs, and developing over fertile lands

Land that is prepared for agriculture by using the slash-and-burn method

The use of tropical forest clearings for crop production until their fertility is lost

Crops including items like peanuts and pineapples which are produced in developing countries for export

The process of urban areas expanding outwards, usually in the form of suburbs, and developing over fertile agricultural

land

Agriculture and Rural Geography

In what ways can subsistence agriculture and commercial agriculture be compared?

Percentage of farmers in the labor force, use of machinery, farm size


The sub regions for subsistence farming include intensive subsistence, shifting cultivation and pastoral nomadism

What are the sub regions for commercial agriculture?Mixed crop and livestock farming, dairy

farming, grain farming, livestock ranching, Mediterranean agriculture, commercial gardening and fruit farming, plantation farming


Von Thunen identified market gardening and dairy, forest, field crops and animal grazing as the four rings that surround market centers

What are the two main patterns of settlement?

Dispersed settlement pattern, nucleated settlement pattern


The different building materials for houses include wood, brick, stone, wattle, thatch and sod

agriculture

Animal husbandry

biotechnology

Capital intensive agriculture

Commercial agricultural economy

All agricultural activity generated for the purpose of selling

A form of technology that uses living organisms to modify products or for other purposes

Art and science of producing food from the land and tending livestock for human consumption

Agricultural activities associated with the raising of domesticated animals such as cattle, horses, sheep and

goats

Form of agriculture that uses mechanical goods to produce large amounts of agricultural goods



The village forms include round villages, walled villages, grid villages, linear villages, and cluster villages

When did the third agricultural revolution begin and is this still occurring today?

It began in the 20th century and is still going on today in the form of industrial agriculture

Desertification

Domestication

Extensive Agriculture

Feedlots

Green Revolution

The development of higher yield crops through increased technology, pesticides, and fertilizers for specific

reasons

A system characterized by low inputs of labor per unit land area

The process by which formerly fertile lands become increasingly arid and desert-like

The conscious manipulation of plant and animal species by humans in order to sustain themselves

Places where livestock are concentrated in very small areas and raised on hormones and hearty grains


What are some environmental impacts of modern agriculture?Erosion, changes in the organic content of soil,

depletion of natural vegetation, presence of chemicals in soils and groundwater

What are some of the strategies used to ensure and improve the production and distribution of adequate food products around the world?

Expansion of agricultural land, increase in land productivity, identification of new food sources, improved distribution of food

Intensive Cultivation

Labor-intensive Agriculture

Livestock Ranching

Pastoralism

Planned Agricultural Economy

An economy found in communist nations in which the government controls both agricultural production and

distribution

Agricultural activity that involves the raising of livestock over vast geographic space

Any agricultural activity that involves effective and efficient use of labor on small plots of land

Agriculture that requires large levels of manual labor to be successful

Agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter


Works Cited

"Flashcards." Flashcards. Web. 16 May 2012. <http://www.studystack.com/>.

"Geospy." Geospy. Web. 16 May 2012. <http://www.missmaggie.org/geospy_files/geospy.html>.