H571 – Week 8 Diffusion of Innovations Theory Tara Community-Based Research –Intro (NCI) Alexandra –Israel et al paper Coral, Kathryn and Alexandra –Parker.

H571 – Week 8

• Diffusion of Innovations Theory• Tara

• Community-Based Research– Intro (NCI)

• Alexandra

– Israel et al paper • Coral, Kathryn and Alexandra

– Parker et al paper• Connie and Jennifer

• Discussion Questions

DSC: Chapter 10

Diffusion of Innovations Theory

“The process by which an innovation is communicated through certain

channels over time among members of a social system” (Rogers, 1995, p. 10)

Community-Level Theory of Change

• Community, as one level embedded in the social ecological model, is a complex and dynamic system.

• While we have multiple theories of individual change and organizational change, we have very few theories of community change.

• This is one of the least understood processes in public health, but perhaps the one with greatest potential to impact population health.

Cognitive Development

Social/Emotional

Competence

Absence of Psychological

and Behavioral Problems

Physical Health

PRIMARY OUTCOMES

PROXIMAL INFLUENCES

DISTAL INFLUENCES

PovertyNeighborhood poverty

Family povertyAccess to dental and health

careRelative deprivation and

inequality

SchoolHigh-quality early childhood education

Effective instruction Positive school climate

Positive behavior supportSchool attendance

Health education and preventionAfter-school education and activities

PeerPro-social peers, role models

Exposure to alcohol, tobacco and other drug use, violence and crime

Social networking technology

FamilyInvolved in learning-related activities

Involved monitoring Non-harsh limit settingReinforcing interactionsPositive role modeling

Health maintenance, hygieneInvolvement in positive activities

PNRC framework for Creating Nurturing Environments

Social CohesionPro-social norms,

informal social controlConnectedness, social capital

Healthy community normsSocial exclusion,

discrimination

Physical Environment Decay: abandoned buildings,

substandard housingNeighborhood design,

land useAccess to alcohol, tobacco,

other drugs, firearmsAccess to nutritious foods

Toxic exposuresMedia

Implications of Community-Based Approaches for Health Promotion Practice

• Communities are increasingly key settings for health promotion

• Building community capacity is increasingly a focal outcome of health promotion

• Different approaches to community-based health promotion interventions reflect differing conceptualizations of community (e.g., worksites, media, schools, neighborhoods)

• A whole CBPR course online: http://www.cbprcurriculum.info/

1. What concepts are common between DIT and CBPR? How do the principles of CBPR relate to the elements of DIT?

2. What is the role of community-based action in diffusion of an innovative intervention? Under what conditions is reinvention of an intervention appropriate?

3. How can interventions be both disseminated through multiple communities and community-developed?

4. How can the conflicting roles (and power) of researchers and community members be reconciled? Does CBPR bias researchers’ objectivity? Does this matter? How can it be avoided or minimized?

5. How can CBPR help professionals facilitate the diffusion of appropriate, effective innovations through already existing or strengthened social systems and communication channels?

6. How could you integrate the DIT and principles of CBPR to address the varying agendas of groups involved in childhood obesity prevention?

7. What barriers do outsiders (researchers or public health practitioners) face when entering a new community? How can they be overcome?

8. How can DIT and CBPR be used together to build coalitions, and then disseminate interventions -- among underserved populations?

Discussion Questions