MATPOST MATPOST 2003 2003 Untertitel (Arial 22 bis 24) - Einfügen des hervorzuhebenden Textes - - Einfügen des hervorzuhebenden Textes - Benefit of Sensors for on-line Monitoring Systems for Power Transformers T. Stirl, S. Tenbohlen, M. Rösner
MATPOST MATPOST 20032003Untertitel (Arial 22 bis 24)
- Einfügen des hervorzuhebenden Textes -- Einfügen des hervorzuhebenden Textes -
Benefit of Sensors foron-line Monitoring Systems
for Power Transformers
T. Stirl, S. Tenbohlen, M. Rösner
Monitoring Systems - Monitoring Systems - 22© 2003 ALSTOM© 2003 ALSTOM
Failure
TroubleshootingOutage Time: 1 day ... 3 weeks
Refurbishment / ReplacementOutage Time: 1 ...12 months
Time and Cost Consuming
On-line Monitoring
Condition Assessment
Condition-Based Maintenance
Cost Effective & Reliable
Monitoring System MS 2000
Error Diagnosis Condition Diagnosis
Monitoring Systems - Monitoring Systems - 33© 2003 ALSTOM© 2003 ALSTOM
Failures of Transformers
Bushing 14%
Auxiliary
5%
OLTCWinding
30%
Core
5%Tank
6%
Cigre SC 12 WG 12.05Electra, No.88, 1983
40%
Use of Comprehensive Monitoring System
Monitoring Systems - Monitoring Systems - 44© 2003 ALSTOM© 2003 ALSTOM
Voltage Sensor
Oil Presssure SensorPeak-Sampler
3 Phase Voltages
Oil Pressure
Measuring Quantities Benefit Operational Voltage Overvoltages Leakage Current Change of Capacitance Change of Oil Pressure
Bushings
Monitoring Systems - Monitoring Systems - 55© 2003 ALSTOM© 2003 ALSTOM
Monitoring System MS 2000
Bushings – Change of CapacitanceDetection of Partial Flashover of Insulation Barrier
3-Phase Voltages - Overvoltages
Change of Capacitance
Number of Foils Change [%]Number of Foils Change [%]
40 2.560 1.7420
55 1.870 1.4550
30 3.342 2.4245
14 7.128 3.6123
Resin-ImpregnatedOil-ImpregnatedVoltage Level [kV]
Alarm Alarm LevelLevel
Monitoring Systems - Monitoring Systems - 66© 2003 ALSTOM© 2003 ALSTOM
850 MVA / 420 kVGenerator Step-Up Unit
Monitoring System MS 2000
U [%]U [%]
Bushings – Change of Oil PressureLeakage on Phase U
W [%]W [%]
V [%]V [%]
HV-Bushing
Delta PressureDelta Pressure
Alarm Level
Monitoring Systems - Monitoring Systems - 77© 2003 ALSTOM© 2003 ALSTOM
Active Part
Oil Temperature
Load Current
CurrentTransducer
Status of Cooling Unit
Load Current Oil Temperature Status of Cooling
Unit
Measuring Quantities Benefit Hot-Spot Temperature Overload Calculation Rate of Ageing
Monitoring Systems - Monitoring Systems - 88© 2003 ALSTOM© 2003 ALSTOM
7.1. 17.1. 27.1. 6.2. 16.2. 26.2. 8.3.0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80 Töl RthN Rth (korrigiert)
Rth
[K/M
W],
Töl[°
C]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Anz
ahl L
üfte
r
Cooling Efficiency – Thermal Resistance [Rth]Detection of Pollution of Fans or Failure of Pumps
Monitoring System MS 2000
Cooling Unit
Alarm Level
Monitoring Systems - Monitoring Systems - 99© 2003 ALSTOM© 2003 ALSTOM
Active Part
Buchholz Gas Sensor
Gas-in-Oil Sensor
Moisture of Oil Sensor
Gas-in-Oil Content Moisture of Oil / Paper Buchholz Gas Sensor
Measuring QuantitiesEarly Detection of Incipient Faults
Gas-in-Oil Sensor
Monitoring Systems - Monitoring Systems - 1010© 2003 ALSTOM© 2003 ALSTOM
Monitoring System MS 2000
Active Part – Gas-in-Oil Content Avoidance of Loss of Transformer
OLTC Oil-Metal Hot Spot
75 MVA Furnace Transformer
OLTC Oil-Metal Hot Spot
On-Line Oil Treatment
Alarm Level
Monitoring Systems - Monitoring Systems - 1111© 2003 ALSTOM© 2003 ALSTOM
Moisture of Oil [ppm]
Moisture of Paper [%]
Oil Temperature [°C]
Moisture of Oil / Paper ConditionTransformer Management
Active Part - Ageing
Active Part
Monitoring Systems - Monitoring Systems - 1212© 2003 ALSTOM© 2003 ALSTOM
Fingerprint –Power
Consumption
Motor Drive –Power Consumption
Tap Changer
Tap Position Power Consumption
of Motor Drive Acceleration Sensor
(optional) Moisture of Oil
(optional)
Measuring Quantities Benefit Sum of Switched
Load Current Contact Wear Assessment of Mechanical
Quality
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500450
500
550
600
650
700
750
Sta
rtin
g c
urr
en
t
Div
ert
er
switc
hin
g
Closing of contacts of tap selector
Opening of contacts of tap selector
Re
volu
tion
of
con
tact
s
Op
en
ing
of
sele
cto
r
Clo
sin
g o
f p
re-s
ele
cto
r
Op
en
ing
of
pre
-se
lect
orOp
en
ing
of
sele
cto
r
Act
ive
po
we
r [W
]
Time [ms]
Monitoring Systems - Monitoring Systems - 1313© 2003 ALSTOM© 2003 ALSTOM
Monitoring System MS 2000
Tap Changer MonitoringDetection of Defect Control CB in Motor Drive
Motor Drive
Monitoring Systems - Monitoring Systems - 1414© 2003 ALSTOM© 2003 ALSTOM
Bushings1. Operating voltages and overvoltages2. Change of capacitance, Leakage current *1
3. Load currents, overcurrents and short circuit currents4. Actual Power and load factor *1,3
5. Oil pressure and pressure difference
Active Part1. Oil temperature2. Gas-in-oil content3. Gas-in-oil gradient *7
4. Moisture in oil5. Moisture of paper *6,9
6. Gas quantity in the Buchholz relay7. Overload capacity *1,4,6,18,27,30
8. Emergency overloading time *1,4,6,18,27,30
9. Hot spot temperature *1,4,6,18,27,30
10. Bubbling temperature *6,9
11. Ageing rate *14
12. Lifetime consumption *16
Monitoring System MS 2000
Measuring / Analyse Quantities Tap Changer
1. On-load tap changer position2. Sum of switched load current *3,18
3. Power consumption of the motor drive4. Assessment of mechanical quality *18,20,24
5. Contact wear *19
6. Acceleration sensor7. Oil temperature8. Oil temperature difference OLTC / tank *6,24
9. Moisture in oil
Cooling Unit1. Operating condition of pumps and fans2. Oil temperature in/out of the cooler3. Cooler efficiency (Rth) *1,4,6,18,27,30
4. Ambient temperature5. Air temperature in/out of the cooler6. Thermal Model *1,4,6,18,27,30
7. Actual losses *1,4,6,18,27,30
Conservator1. Oil level2. Humidity of air inside conservator
Monitoring Systems - Monitoring Systems - 1515© 2003 ALSTOM© 2003 ALSTOM
Practical Experience
Monitoring System MS 2000
400 MVA Grid Coupling Transformer
Tap Changer
Active Part Cooling Unit
Bushings
MS 2000 Module
Monitoring Systems - Monitoring Systems - 1616© 2003 ALSTOM© 2003 ALSTOM
Transformers
FAX
Office
Field BusField Bus
MS 2000 ServerMS 2000 Server
Monitoring ModulesMonitoring Modules
IEC 60870-5-101IEC 60870-5-101Point to PointPoint to Point
Protection & Control
TCP/IP (Ethernet)TCP/IP (Ethernet) ModemModem
Substation
Architecture
Monitoring System MS 2000
Monitoring Systems - Monitoring Systems - 1717© 2003 ALSTOM© 2003 ALSTOM
Paket
Visualisation Tailor-made
Standard Standard Internet ExplorerInternet Explorer®®
Monitoring System MS 2000