Thermal Engineering-I Course code: 3341902 GTU/NITTTR/Bhopal/13-14 Gujarat State 1 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, AHMEDABAD, GUJARAT COURSE CURRICULUM COURSE TITLE: THERMAL ENGINEERING- I (Code: 3341902) Diploma Programme in which this course is offered Semester in which offered Mechanical Engineering 4 th Semester 1. RATIONALE In industry, the mechanical engineers are supposed to operate and maintain thermal equipment. This course will provide the basic knowledge of thermal engineering which will function as foundation in applications in major fields of mechanical engineering and technology notably in steam and nuclear power plants. This course would develop knowledge and skills related to boilers, boiler mountings and accessories, compressors, heat exchangers, steam turbines etc. This course is thus very important for mechanical engineers. 2. COMPETENCY The course content should be taught with the aim to develop different types of skills so that students are able to acquire following competency: Apply basic concepts, laws and principles of thermal engineering to operate and maintain equipment, devices and machines working in mechanical engineering systems. 3. COURSE OUTCOMES The theory should be taught and practical should be carried out in such a manner that students are able to acquire different learning out comes in cognitive, psychomotor and affective domain to demonstrate following course outcomes. i. Determine steam properties and dryness fractions. ii. Classify and explain boilers, boiler mountings and accessories. iii. Determine boiler performance based on given specific parameters. iv. Explain working of steam prime movers. v. Identify the elements and processes of steam condensers and cooling towers. vi. Operate air compressors and observe the parameters affecting the performance. vii. Calculate heat transfer for given heat transfer system. 4. TEACHING AND EXAMINATION SCHEME Teaching Scheme (In Hours) Total Credits (L+T+P) Examination Scheme Theory Marks Practical Marks Total Marks L T P C ESE PA ESE PA 150 3 0 2 3 70 30 20 30 Legends: L -Lecture; T -Tutorial/Teacher Guided Student Activity; P -Practical; C - Credit; ESE-End Semester Examination; PA -Progressive Assessment
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GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, AHMEDABAD, … · steam and superheated steam on PV, T-s and H-s diagram. 1.3 Concept and determination of dryness fraction and degree of superheat.
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Prof. Patadiya Virenkumar Natvarlal, Lecturer in Mechanical Engineering,
Shree N. M. Gopani Polytechnic Institute, Ranpur.
Prof. Ms. Prajapati KrutikaVinodchandra, Lecturer in Mechanical
Engineering, Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology (Diploma Studies),
Limda, Waghodia.
Coordinator and Faculty Members from NITTTR Bhopal
1. Dr. Vandana Somkuwar, Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical
Engineering.
2. Prof. C.K. Chugh, Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering.
Academic Laxmi Institute of Technology, Sarigam
Diploma Mechanical Engineering Year: 2018-19
Name of Faculty : Mr. Mahipal A. Parmar/ Ms.Ketul Shah
Name of Subject :THERMAL ENGINEERING-I
Subject Code : 3341902
Assignment: 1
Two phase system
Sr. No. Name of Question Remarks
1 Describe the various stages of Formation of steam.
2 Define dryness fraction, quality of steam and degree of superheat.
3 Define latent heat, sensible heat, enthalpy, entropy and specific volume of steam.
4 What are the methods of measurement of dryness fraction of steam?
5 Explain Throttling calorimeter.
6 With the help of steam table find the values of entropy of water, entropy of evaporation and entropy of dry saturated steam at 5 bar, 8 bar, 12 bar, 15 bar and 20 bar, 250C, 800c.
7 2 kg of steam at 10 bar and 0.9 dryness fraction is converted into superheated steam with 500C as degree of super heat. Find the change of enthalpy. Given Cp =2.0 kJ/kg K.
8 Find enthalpy, entropy and volume of 10 kg steam at 12 bar and 0.85 dryness fraction
11. Explain the concept of fluidized bed combustion
12. Explain Babcock-Wilcox boiler with neat sketch.
13. Explain Simple vertical boiler with neat sketch.
14. Explain Cochran boiler with neat sketch.
15. Explain the Boiler draught system-concept and classification.
Academic Laxmi Institute of Technology, Sarigam
Diploma Mechanical Engineering Year: 2018-19
16. State four differences between Natural draft and Artificial draft in steam boiler.
17.
During a boiler trial following data are available:- Coal used= 500 kg/hr Mass of dry flue gas= 22.5 kg/kg of coal Calorific value of coal= 31000 kj/kg-k Flue gas temp= 310 degree c Cp of flue gas= 1.008 kj/kg Cp of steam= 1.89 kj/kg Boiler room temp= 18 degree c Feed water temp= 79 degree c Dry saturated steam generated= 4700 kg/hr Steam pressure= 12 bar Atmospheric pressure= 1 bar Prepare the heat balance sheet / kg of coal burnt..
18. Draw and explain a sample heat balance sheet of boiler.
Academic Laxmi Institute of Technology, Sarigam
Diploma Mechanical Engineering Year: 2018-19
Assignment: 3
Steam Prime movers
Sr. No. Name of Question Remarks
1. State concept of steam prime-movers.
2. Define and classify prime movers.
3. Define the different types of steam nozzles.
4. Give the expression for discharge through nozzle.
5. List five applications of steam nozzles.
6. Differentiate between reaction and impulse turbine.
7. Explain working principle of Impulse steam turbine with neat sketch.
8. Write short note on Compounding of steam turbines. Give the need and types.
9.
Explain :- 1 )pressure compounding of steam turbines. 2) Velocity compounding of steam turbines. 3) Pressure-Veloicity compounding of steam turbines.
10. State advantages and disadvantages of velocity compounding.
Academic Laxmi Institute of Technology, Sarigam
Diploma Mechanical Engineering Year: 2018-19
Assignment: 4
Steam condenser and cooling tower
Sr. No. Name of Question Remarks
1. State the function of condenser and cooling tower in a steam power plant.
2. Explain the Surface Condenser with neat sketch.
3. Differentiate between jet condenser and surface condenser.
4. Explain jetcondenser. state its limitation.
5. State advantage and limitation of jet condenser.
6. State the function of various parts of surface condenser.
7. Give Classification of cooling towers.
8. State purpose of cooling tower. Explain any one of the cooling tower.
9. What is the source of air leakage in steam condenser?
10. State the methods for detection of air leakage in Condenser.
11. State the function of condenser and cooling tower in a steam power plant.
Academic Laxmi Institute of Technology, Sarigam
Diploma Mechanical Engineering Year: 2018-19
Assignment:5
Air compressor
Sr. No.
Name of Question Remarks
1.
Define 1.) Compressor 2.) indicated power 3) Shaft or brake power 4) swept volume 5) clearance volume 6) Volumetric efficiency 7) Free Air Delivered (FAD)
2. State four differences between Reciprocating and Rotary air compressors.
3. Give the detail classification of Air compressor.
4. State advantages of centrifugal compressors
5. What is multistage compressor? State advantages of multistage air compression.
6. With the help of p-v diagram, explain inter-cooling in 2 - stage air Compression.
7. State four applications of compressed air.
8. Derive the equation for work required in case of single stage reciprocating compressor.
9. Derive the equationfor work required in case of two stage reciprocating compress or Statethe assumption made.
10. State the types of rotary air compressor and explain any one type of air compressor.
11. Define the following terms with reference to air compressor. 1] isothermal efficiency 2] free air delivered
12. Derive equation for volumetric efficiency of a single stage reciprocating compressor.
13. Compare rotary and reciprocating compressor. Differentiate between root blower and wane blower.
14. Explain the effect of clearance on reciprocating compressor.
2. Define the term absorptive, reflectivity and transitivity.
3. State four properties of good insulators
4. State the types of heat exchangers. Describe any one type of heat exchanger with sketch
5. State the relationship between emissivity and absorptivity of a surface.
6. Explain the different method of heat transfer.
7. Explain in brief: (1) Stefan-Boltzmann’s law of total radiation (2) Fourier’s Law of Conduction
8. Explain the Concept of Black Body.
9. Differentiate between Free convection and Forced convection
10. Define “Heat exchanger”. With the help of neat sketches explain in brief the Parallel flow, counter flow and cross flow heat exchangers.
11. Define overall heat transfer coefficient.
12.
Internal surface of wall is at 9000 degree c temp. wall is 60 cm thick, 1 m length, and 1.5 m width. Thermal conductivity of wall is 0.4 watt/m-k. find thermal resistance and heat transfer rate of wall. Temperature of outside surfaces of wall is 200 degree c.
Laxmi Institute of Technology , Sarigam Approved by AICTE, New Delhi; Affiliated to Gujarat Technological
University, Ahmadabad Academic Year : 2018-2019
Question Bank
Department: DE MECHANICALENGINEERING Name of Subject In charge:
1. Describe the various stages of Formation of steam.
2. Define dryness fraction, quality of steam and degree of superheat.
3. Define latent heat, sensible heat, enthalpy, entropy and specific volume of steam.
4. What are the methods of measurement of dryness fraction of steam?
5. Explain Throttling calorimeter.
6. With the help of steam table find the values of entropy of water, entropy of evaporation and entropy of dry saturated steam at 5 bar, 8 bar, 12 bar, 15 bar and 20 bar, 250C, 800c.
7.
2 kg of steam at 10 bar and 0.9 dryness fraction is converted into superheated steam with 500C as degree of super heat. Find the change of enthalpy. Given Cp =2.0 kJ/kg K.
8. Find enthalpy, entropy and volume of 10 kg steam at 12 bar and 0.85 dryness fraction
19. Explain the concept of fluidized bed combustion
20. Explain Babcock-Wilcox boiler with neat sketch.
21. Explain Simple vertical boiler with neat sketch.
22. Explain Cochran boiler with neat sketch.
23. Explain the Boiler draught system-concept and classification.
24. State four differences between Natural draft and Artificial draft in steam boiler.
25.
During a boiler trial following data are available:- Coal used= 500 kg/hr Mass of dry flue gas= 22.5 kg/kg of coal Calorific value of coal= 31000 kj/kg-k Flue gas temp= 310 degree c Cp of flue gas= 1.008 kj/kg
Laxmi Institute of Technology , Sarigam Approved by AICTE, New Delhi; Affiliated to Gujarat Technological
University, Ahmadabad Academic Year : 2018-2019
Cp of steam= 1.89 kj/kg Boiler room temp= 18 degree c Feed water temp= 79 degree c Dry saturated steam generated= 4700 kg/hr Steam pressure= 12 bar Atmospheric pressure= 1 bar Prepare the heat balance sheet / kg of coal burnt..
26. Draw and explain a sample heat balance sheet of boiler.
27. State concept of steam prime-movers.
28. Define and classify prime movers.
29. Define the different types of steam nozzles.
30. Give the expression for discharge through nozzle.
31. List five applications of steam nozzles.
32. Differentiate between reaction and impulse turbine.
33. Explain working principle of Impulse steam turbine with neat sketch.
34. Write short note on Compounding of steam turbines. Give the need and types.
35.
Explain :- 1 )pressure compounding of steam turbines. 2) Velocity compounding of steam turbines. 3) Pressure-Veloicity compounding of steam turbines.
36. State advantages and disadvantages of velocity compounding.
37. State the function of condenser and cooling tower in a steam power plant.
38. Explain the Surface Condenser with neat sketch.
Laxmi Institute of Technology , Sarigam Approved by AICTE, New Delhi; Affiliated to Gujarat Technological
University, Ahmadabad Academic Year : 2018-2019
39. Differentiate between jet condenser and surface condenser.
40. Explain jetcondenser. state its limitation.
41. State advantage and limitation of jet condenser.
42. State the function of various parts of surface condenser.
43. Give Classification of cooling towers.
44. State purpose of cooling tower. Explain any one of the cooling tower.
45. What is the source of air leakage in steam condenser?
46. State the methods for detection of air leakage in Condenser.
47. State the function of condenser and cooling tower in a steam power plant.
48.
Define 1.) Compressor 2.) indicated power 3) Shaft or brake power 4) swept volume 5) clearance volume 6) Volumetric efficiency 7) Free Air Delivered (FAD)
49. State four differences between Reciprocating and Rotary air compressors.
50. Give the detail classification of Air compressor.
51. State advantages of centrifugal compressors
52. What is multistage compressor? State advantages of multistage air compression.
Laxmi Institute of Technology , Sarigam Approved by AICTE, New Delhi; Affiliated to Gujarat Technological
University, Ahmadabad Academic Year : 2018-2019
53. With the help of p-v diagram, explain inter-cooling in 2 - stage air
Compression.
54. State four applications of compressed air.
55. Derive the equation for work required in case of single stage reciprocating compressor.
56. Derive the equationfor work required in case of two stage reciprocating compress or Statethe assumption made.
57. State the types of rotary air compressor and explain any one type of air compressor.
58. Define the following terms with reference to air compressor. 1] isothermal efficiency 2] free air delivered
59. Derive equation for volumetric efficiency of a single stage reciprocating compressor.
60. Compare rotary and reciprocating compressor. Differentiate between root blower and wane blower.
61. Explain the effect of clearance on reciprocating compressor.
63. Define the term absorptive, reflectivity and transitivity.
64. State four properties of good insulators
65. State the types of heat exchangers. Describe any one type of heat exchanger with sketch
66. State the relationship between emissivity and absorptivity of a surface.
67. Explain the different method of heat transfer.
Laxmi Institute of Technology , Sarigam Approved by AICTE, New Delhi; Affiliated to Gujarat Technological
University, Ahmadabad Academic Year : 2018-2019
68.
Explain in brief: (1) Stefan-Boltzmann’s law of total radiation (2) Fourier’s Law of Conduction
69. Explain the Concept of Black Body.
70. Differentiate between Free convection and Forced convection
71. Define “Heat exchanger”. With the help of neat sketches explain in brief the Parallel flow, counter flow and cross flow heat exchangers.
72. Define overall heat transfer coefficient.
73.
Internal surface of wall is at 9000 degree c temp. wall is 60 cm thick, 1 m length, and 1.5 m width. Thermal conductivity of wall is 0.4 watt/m-k. find thermal resistance and heat transfer rate of wall. Temperature of outside surfaces of wall is 200 degree c.
Laxmi Institute of Technology, Sarigam Approved by AICTE, New Delhi; Affiliated to Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad
Academic Year 2018-19 Centre Code: 691 Examination : Mid Semester Examination- I Branch: MECHANICAL Semester: 4th Sub Code:3341902 Sub: TE-I Date: 29/01/2019 Time: 10:30 AM to 11:30 AM Marks: 20 Note: All questions are compulsory. 1 Define any 4 from the following terms:
1. Latent heat of vaporization 2.saturation temperature 3. Degree of superheat 4. Boiler 5. dry fraction of steam
4
2 What are the methods of measurement of dryness fraction of steam? Explain any one out of them in detail.
OR Define triple point and Draw the triple point diagram (phase diagram) of H2O.
3
3 With the help of steam table find the values of entropy of water, entropy of evaporation and entropy of dry saturated steam at 5 bar, 8 bar, 12 bar, 15 bar and 20 bar, 250C, 800c.
OR Give the classification of boiler.(at list 6 classification)
3
4 Explain Babcock-Wilcox boiler with neat sketch. OR
Explain Cochran boiler with neat sketch.
5
5 Write down the essential requirement of good Boiler. OR
Write the important terms of steam boilers.
3
6 2 kg of steam at 10 bar and 0.9 dryness fraction is converted into superheated steam with 500C as degree of super heat. Find the change of enthalpy. Given Cp =2.0 kJ/kg K.
2
Laxmi Institute of Technology, Sarigam Approved by AICTE, New Delhi; Affiliated to Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad
Academic Year 2017-18 Centre Code: 691 Examination : Mid Semester Examination- II Branch: MECHANICAL Semester: 4th Sub Code:3341902 Sub: TE-1 Date: 03/04/2018 Time: 10:30 AM to 11:30 AM Marks: 20 Note: 1 Define any 3 from the following terms:
1. Prime movers 2. Nozzle 3. Air compressor 4. Nozzle efficiency 5. Free Air Delivered (FAD)
3
2 Give the detail classification of Steam Turbine. OR
Give the detail classification of Compressor.
3
3 Derive the expression for the exit velocity of fluid from the nozzle. OR
Derive the expression for discharge through nozzle.
4
4 List out the types of compounding of steam turbine. Explain the velocity compounding. OR
Derive the expression for work done in case of two-stage reciprocating air compressor with intercooling. Draw the neat sketch of P-V for two- stage compression.
4
5 During a boiler trial following data are available:- Coal used= 500 kg/hr Mass of dry flue gas= 22.5 kg/kg of coal Calorific value of coal= 31000 kj/kg-k Flue gas temp= 310 degree c Cp of flue gas= 1.008 kj/kg-K Cp of steam= 1.89 kj/kg-K Boiler room temp= 18 degree c Feed water temp= 79 degree c Dry saturated steam generated= 4700 kg/hr Steam pressure= 12 bar Atmospheric pressure= 1 bar Prepare the heat balance sheet / kg of coal burnt.
OR The following observations are available from the boiler trail: Feed water temperature = 22 degree C Average pressure of boiler = 10 bar Dryness fraction of steam = 0.85 Coal used = 250 kg/hr Steam generated = 2500 kg/hr Calorific value of coal = 28000 kj/kg. Calculate :- 1) equivalent evaporation, 2) boiler efficiency, 3) boiler power
4
6 Steam nozzle is supplied with steam for increasing the speed. the inlet and exit condition of steam are as under: INLET:- h1 = 3000 kj/kg , V1 = 60 m/s EXIT: - h2 = 2600 kj/kg, V2 =? Calculate:- 1) exit velocity of steam , 2) mass flow rate if inlet area = 0.1 m2. Specific volume of steam at inlet = 0.182 m3/kg
2
1/3
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.______________
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY DIPLOMA ENGINEERING – SEMESTER – IV • EXAMINATION – WINTER - 2016
Subject Code: 3341902 Date:19 -11 - 2016
Subject Name: THERMAL ENGINEERING I
Time: 02:30 PM TO 05:00 PM Total Marks: 70 Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make Suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Use of programmable & Communication aids are strictly prohibited.
5. Use of only simple calculator is permitted in Mathematics.
6. English version is authentic.
Q.1 Answer any seven out of ten. દશમ ાંથી કોઇપણ સ તન જવ બ આપો. 14
(c) Dry and saturated steam at 12 bar pressure enters the nozzle. The pressure is
reduced to 1.5 bar. If the expansion if frictionless adiabatic then find out the
final velocity.
04
(ક) એક નોઝલમ ાં સકૂી અને સેચ્યરેુટેડ સ્ટીમ ૧૨ બ ર દબ ણે પ્રવેશે છે. પછી દબ ણ ૧.૫ બ ર સધુી ઘટે છે. જો સવસ્તરણ ઘર્યણરહીત એડીય બેરટક હોય તો અંસતમ ઝડપ શોધો.
૦૪
(d) Differentiate between impulse and reaction turbine. 04
(ડ) ઇમ્પ્પલ્સ અને રીએક્શન ટબ યઇન વચ્ચે તફ્ વત આપો. ૦૪
OR
(d) State the necessity of compounding the steam turbine and explain velocity
Q.5 (a) A boiler is generating 10 kg of steam/kg of coal. The calorific value of the
coal is 35,280 kJ/Kg. The heat content of steam is 2835 kJ/Kg and feed water
temperature is 450C. Calculate 1] equivalent evaporation 2] thermal efficiency
04
પ્રશ્ન. ૫ (અ) એક બોઇલર કોલન પ્રસત રકલો ૧૦ રકલોગ્ર મ સ્ટીમનુાં ઉત્પ દન કરે છે. કોલનુાં કેલોરરક વેલ્ય ુ35,280 kJ/Kg છે. સ્ટીમ 2835 kJ/Kg ગરમી ધ રણ કરે છે અને ફ્ીડ વોટરનુાં ત પમ ન 450
C છે. તો ૧] ઇક્વીવેલેંટ ઇવપોરેશન ૨] થમયલ ક્ષમત ની ગણત્રી કરો.
૦૪
(b) State the types of rotary air compressor and explain any one type of air
compressor. 04
(બ) એર કોમ્પ્પે્રસરન પ્રક ર લખો અને કોઇ એક પ્રક રનુાં એર કોમ્પ્પે્રસર સમજાવો. ૦૪
(c) Dry and saturated steam at 12 bar pressure enters the nozzle. The pressure is
reduced to 1.5 bar. If the expansion if frictionless adiabatic then find out the
final velocity.
04
(ક) એક નોઝલમ ાં સકૂી અને સેચ્યરેુટેડ સ્ટીમ ૧૨ બ ર દબ ણે પ્રવેશે છે. પછી દબ ણ ૧.૫ બ ર સધુી ઘટે છે. જો સવસ્તરણ ઘર્યણરહીત એડીય બેરટક હોય તો અંસતમ ઝડપ શોધો.
૦૪
(d) Differentiate between impulse and reaction turbine. 04
(ડ) ઇમ્પ્પલ્સ અને રીએક્શન ટબ યઇન વચ્ચે તફ્ વત આપો. ૦૪
OR
(d) State the necessity of compounding the steam turbine and explain velocity
Q.5 (a) A boiler is generating 10 kg of steam/kg of coal. The calorific value of the
coal is 35,280 kJ/Kg. The heat content of steam is 2835 kJ/Kg and feed water
temperature is 450C. Calculate 1] equivalent evaporation 2] thermal efficiency
04
પ્રશ્ન. ૫ (અ) એક બોઇલર કોલન પ્રસત રકલો ૧૦ રકલોગ્ર મ સ્ટીમનુાં ઉત્પ દન કરે છે. કોલનુાં કેલોરરક વેલ્ય ુ35,280 kJ/Kg છે. સ્ટીમ 2835 kJ/Kg ગરમી ધ રણ કરે છે અને ફ્ીડ વોટરનુાં ત પમ ન 450
C છે. તો ૧] ઇક્વીવેલેંટ ઇવપોરેશન ૨] થમયલ ક્ષમત ની ગણત્રી કરો.
૦૪
(b) State the types of rotary air compressor and explain any one type of air
compressor. 04
(બ) એર કોમ્પ્પે્રસરન પ્રક ર લખો અને કોઇ એક પ્રક રનુાં એર કોમ્પ્પે્રસર સમજાવો. ૦૪
(c) Dry and saturated steam at 12 bar pressure enters the nozzle. The pressure is
reduced to 1.5 bar. If the expansion if frictionless adiabatic then find out the
final velocity.
04
(ક) એક નોઝલમ ાં સકૂી અને સેચ્યરેુટેડ સ્ટીમ ૧૨ બ ર દબ ણે પ્રવેશે છે. પછી દબ ણ ૧.૫ બ ર સધુી ઘટે છે. જો સવસ્તરણ ઘર્યણરહીત એડીય બેરટક હોય તો અંસતમ ઝડપ શોધો.
૦૪
(d) Differentiate between impulse and reaction turbine. 04
(ડ) ઇમ્પ્પલ્સ અને રીએક્શન ટબ યઇન વચ્ચે તફ્ વત આપો. ૦૪
OR
(d) State the necessity of compounding the steam turbine and explain velocity
Q.5 (a) A boiler is generating 10 kg of steam/kg of coal. The calorific value of the
coal is 35,280 kJ/Kg. The heat content of steam is 2835 kJ/Kg and feed water
temperature is 450C. Calculate 1] equivalent evaporation 2] thermal efficiency
04
પ્રશ્ન. ૫ (અ) એક બોઇલર કોલન પ્રસત રકલો ૧૦ રકલોગ્ર મ સ્ટીમનુાં ઉત્પ દન કરે છે. કોલનુાં કેલોરરક વેલ્ય ુ35,280 kJ/Kg છે. સ્ટીમ 2835 kJ/Kg ગરમી ધ રણ કરે છે અને ફ્ીડ વોટરનુાં ત પમ ન 450
C છે. તો ૧] ઇક્વીવેલેંટ ઇવપોરેશન ૨] થમયલ ક્ષમત ની ગણત્રી કરો.
૦૪
(b) State the types of rotary air compressor and explain any one type of air
compressor. 04
(બ) એર કોમ્પ્પે્રસરન પ્રક ર લખો અને કોઇ એક પ્રક રનુાં એર કોમ્પ્પે્રસર સમજાવો. ૦૪