GSM-R

1 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

GSM-RTechnology and Product Evolution supporting highest Reliability and Safety Requirements

• Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi 26 July 2014

• Ola Bergman


GSM-R - Technology and Product Evolution supporting highest Reliability and Safety Requirements

2

Why GSM-R?

GSM-R Renewals and Improvements – core, radio, IP

ETCS over GPRS – packet switching and IP

GSM-R Interoperability/Compatibility Testing IOT

The path towards “Next Generation”

Agenda



3

Why GSM-R?





Agenda


www.gsm-rail.com 4

Why GSM-R?

• Radio communications for train operation since the 70´s – many well functioning but incompatible and old fashioned systems

• Under UIC leadership a modern and compatible system was specified during the 90’s – GSM-R…

• …and has been refined over the years since then

2011-20142014-…


www.gsm-rail.com 5

Why GSM-R?




• GSM-R has proven to be “almost” optimal and utmost reliable for both Voice Communications and ETCS data transfer

• GSM-R is Multivendor


www.gsm-rail.com 6

Why GSM-R?




• GSM-R has proven to be “almost” optimal and utmost reliable for both Voice Communications and ETCS data transfer

• GSM-R is Multivendor

• GSM-R has a very large footprint – in Europe and internationally

• GSM-R is a true success story!

7 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014For internal use

GSM-R is selected by more & more countries across the world

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Sweden

Netherlands

Belgium China Algeria Australia Romania Belarus Argentina

ItalyGermany

Spain Finland India Austria Denmark Ireland Brazil Azerbaijan

France Saudi Arabia

Bulgaria Eurotunnel

Russia Israel Bosnia & Herzegovina

UK Norway Czech Rep.

Greece Poland Iraq

Slovakia Lithuania Portugal Slovenia Latvia Korea

Switzerland

Turkey Tunisia Hungary UAE Macedonia

South Africa

Serbia

Estonia Croatia

Mozambique

Venezuela

Qatar Ukraine

Morocco Thailand

GSM-R established

GSM-R planned


Over 70,000 km track record in GSM-R projects is unrivalled

Sweden, Trafikverket10,000 km

Finland, LiVi, 5,000 km

Greece, ERGOSE SA, 1.000 km

Netherlands, Pro Rail, 3,000 km

Norway, Jernbane-verket, 4,000 km

Turkey, TCDD, 300 km

Spain, ADIF, 3,000 km

Indian Railways and Kolkata Metro, 3,000 km

Tunisia, SNCFT, 300 km

Italy, Rete FerroviariaItaliana, 10,000 km

Germany, DeutscheBahn AG, 7,000 km

Australia, PTV Victoria, 500 km

China, Ministry of Railways, 9,000 km

Switzerland, SBB, 3,000 km

Denmark, Bane-danmark, 3,000 km

Saudi Arabia Railways Org. + NS mineral line, 4,000 km

Belgium, Infrabel/SNCB, 4,000 km

Poland, PKP,1.000 km

Romania, CFR, 100 km

Portugal, REFER, 100 km



9

Why GSM-R?





Agenda


10

GSM-R Renewals and Improvements

Ongoing in existing Networks/Systems

• Shift to Internet Protocol IP• Introduction of Release 4 GSM-R Core, GPRS• Geographical Redundancy for Improved Core Availability• Renewal of RAN• Mitigation of Radio Interferences• Upgrades to ETCS L2/3 bearer capability

In Advanced Stage of Standardization

• ER-GSM - Capacity Increase Option• ETCS over Packet Switching (GPRS/EDGE)


Release 4 Core

Upcoming GSM-R Core Network is the evolution of legacy TDM* based Core to Packet Based Core – from Release 99 to Release 4

The Bearer Independent Core Network architecture is defined by 3GPP* * in Release 4 specifications and since years widely deployed in public mobile networks around the world serving millions of subscribers

Physical Separation of the control and signaling telecom layer - MSC Server from the bearer plane - Media Gateway

Release 4 is fully compliant with UIC EIRENE specifications and ERA GSM-R baselines

Release 4 is a major milestone towards Internet Protocol IP

TDM* - Time Division Multiplexing, 3GPP** - 3rd Generation Partnership Project


www.gsm-rail.com

Geographical Redundancy

Two geographically distant GSM-R Core Nodes to protect against Disasters

GSM-R Core on Location A GSM-R Core on Location B


NOKIA’s unique Geo-Redundancy Solution Meeting the highest Railway operational requirements

Carrier-grade platformsusing proven state-of-the-art technology

Fully redundant core network

Load sharing with zero outage and seamless switchover

BenefitsMotivation

Higher requirements due to ETCS level 2

Modernization oflegacy communicationsystems

IP backbone

NetActTM

NT HLRand IN

GPRS

MSS &MGW

NetActTM

GSM-R has become a mission critical system

NT HLRand IN

GPRS

MSS &MGW

Site 2Site 1


Incomparable end-to-end GSM-R portfolio

Intelligent Network (IN)

GPRS network

Fixed transmission

Radio

Microwave transmissionNetwork Management Flexi radio

Core: Mobile SwitchingServer – Release 4based on 2nd gen ATCA

ATCA2


Renewal of GSM-R Radio Access Network RAN

• First GSM-R systems were deployed starting 1998

• Since then radio technology has improved significantly

• Less power consumption, less footprint, improved functionality, better maintainability,...

• Several Railways are updating/planning to update the Radio Access Network RAN, i.e. to renew the Base Station Subsystem BSS


> Unique all-purpose BTS built with modules> An innovation reducing network cost significantly> Extremely scalable configurations> Fully integrated IP transport> LTE support

Nokia unique and modular BTS

447 mm

422-560 mm

133 mm

Weight approx. 15-25 kg

Operating temperature: -35°C to +50°C, temporarily +55°CMore than 90% of the material insideFlexi BTS can be recycled at end-of-life

> 200 customer

referencesStandard module



17

Why GSM-R?





Agenda


ETCS over GPRS (EoG) – Packet Switching (1)

• Ensure sufficient air interface capacity for ETCS L2/3 in hot spots…

• …”side effect”: fast recovery of ETCS data exchange following disruption

• Lab & Field tests were performed on NOKIA GSM-R network in Sweden already in February 2010 – feasibility was proven

• Load test with up to four ETCS users (up- and downlink) sharing one single time slot was successfully performed using NOKIA GPRS equipment in Belgium in May 2010

Swedish Test Train

Swedish Test Route

Stockholm

Borlange


ETCS over GPRS (EoG) – Packet Switching (2)

• Major project 2011 – 2014 and co-financed with around 6 M€ by European Union

• New Specifications - Euroradio, Quality of Service, Test

• Engineering Requirements

• Laboratory and Field tests in Sweden, France, UK and Denmark and involving several GSM-R suppliers

• Lab tests 10-14 March 2014 in Denmark using NOKIA GPRS infrastructure were executed very successfully with up to 5 ETCS users sharing one time slot

• Border Crossing procedure exemplified by Sweden-Denmark

• Packet Flow Control (PFC) feature, which allows to “set priorities” for different kinds of GPRS users, is included in NOKIA GPRS portfolio



20

Why GSM-R?





Agenda


GSM-R Inter Operability Testing (IOT) 2014 co-financed by the European Commission

MSC/VLR/

HLR/…

MSC/VLR/

HLR/…BS

S

GSM-R Network

GSM-R Network

BSS


MSC/VLR/HLR/…

BSS

1.

CAB radioGSM-R Network

Train Controller

2.



GSM-R mobile terminals GSM-R fixed dispatchers

GSM-R infrastructure

GSM-R Suppliers participating in 2014 IOT campaign



Global IOT Phase 1&2

> Nortel and NSN - NSS/ NSS & NSS/ BSS EIRENE 5/13

> Static roaming functionality

> GSM services> Advanced Rail

services

IOT Phase 3 Initial & Regression

> NSN and Nortel - NSS/ NSS & NSS/ BSS EIRENE 5/13

> Inter PLMN connections tested> Additional features tested

Global IOT & Field Phase 4.1

> Nortel BSS to NSN NSS EIRENE 6/14

Global IOT Phase 4.2 > Nortel NSS

to NSN BSS EIRENE 6/14

IOT Phase 3 extension> Focus on additional features (late entry, eMLPP,

Call barring and Access Matrix, Class of Registration, …)

Global IOT Phase 9.3 > KCC BSS

to NSN NSS EIRENE 7/15

Global IOT Phase 9.2 > KCC NSS

to NSN BSS EIRENE 7/15

Global IOT Phase 9.1 > KCC NSS

to NSN EIRENE 7/15NSS

2014

Global IOT Phase X Specs> GSM-R NSS/ > NSS & NSS/ BSS

& E to E> QoS

EIRENE 5/13Issued2000



EIRENE7.4.0/15.4.0

2002 Q2/ Q4 2004 Q1/ Q4 2005 Q1 2011 Q2 2011 Q3 2011Q1 2007


EIRENE7.3.0/15.3.0



25

Why GSM-R?





Agenda


www.gsm-rail.com 26

Why consider a Next Generation System?• GSM was specified in the 80’s …• …so soon reaching the mature age of 25 very well established…• …but not delivering the data capacity required by users today…• …and not using spectrum efficiently!

• GSM is step by step in the coming decade(s) replaced by more modern 3G/4G technology


…now with doubled speed Smartphones need fast networks everywhere…

HD-video streaming, best content on the fastest and largest 4G network

Broadband – as fast as athome and wherever I am

Customers want LTE – and operators have started to deliver

Pictures from operator consumer webpages (July 2013)

…with premium voice quality

LTE comes with latest smartphones


Lower cost for operators

Scalable bandwidth / re-farming

Better performance & user experience

Technology convergence

LTE offers many benefits & the bandwidth for new services

Cost per Mbyte

3G HSPA HSPA evo LTEGSMGSM HSPA+ LTE

Throughput Latency

GSM HSPA+ LTE

10ms

100 Mbps 150ms

<1 Mbit

<50ms>42 Mbps

LTE / LTE-Advanced

Optimized spectrum usage

900 / 1800 MHz LTEGSM

GSM

3G / HSPA

CDMA

WiMAX

TD-SCDMA

Tetra

For internal use


www.gsm-rail.com 29

Why consider a Next Generation System?• GSM was specified in the 80’s …• …so soon reaching the mature age of 25 very well established…• …but not delivering the data capacity required by users today…• …and not using spectrum efficiently!

• GSM is step by step in the coming decade(s) replaced by more modern 3G/4G technology

• We expect that GSM-R will be operated (and supported) until at least 2030…

• …but to be prepared for the future it is anyway a well invested effort to seriously assess the different alternatives for a “Next Generation System”


www.gsm-rail.com

30

4G - LTE, LTE-A, … , 5G,…

GSM-R

NG

2G – GSM, GPRS, EDGE

Pilot, IOT

NG SpecificationsUIC, ERA, GSM-R IG, UNISIG,

3GPP

R&D

Why consider a Next Generation System?

～ 10 years

～ 10 years


www.gsm-rail.com 31

Next Generation NG Assumptions (1)

• Today’s GSM-R functionality as specified in EIRENE…• Functional Addressing• Location Dependent Addressing• Group Calls (Railway Emergency Call, All Drivers in the Area, …)• Carrying Safety Critical data of ETCS levels 2 and 3• …

• …must be supported one-to-one by the NG system, since• during a migration period lasting several years both systems will be in

simultaneous service! • a train driver moving between GSM-R and NG areas shall not have to

behave differently depending on location…• …but (at most) benefit from additional supporting services in NG areas!


www.gsm-rail.com 32


• Additional new data services utilising the capacity of modern technology will however be part of NG, possible examples:

• to transfer any relevant train data for maintenance and other purposes to ground

• to support energy efficient (green) train driving• to transfer recordings of on board supervision cameras to ground• to transfer detailed travel information to passengers• to support conductors with info and ticket sales• to transfer safety supporting images to train drivers (level crossings…)• …

• Surplus capacity could possibly even be made available to Passengers – hereby improving their Travel Experience


Main drivers for a Next Generation Railway Communication System

How will railway systems be operated in 10 years?• Increasing use of data apps and new operational services require

efficient networks• LTE offers more than changing the radio interface

Broadband Applications

Today Next Generation Railway Mobile

Security solutions

Train positioning

ETCS

Fleet management

Passengercounting

Train diagnosticmonitoring

Passengerinformation

Online ticket sales

Video surveillance

Announcement updates

Data applications – from LOW to HIGH bandwidth

Low bandwidth(CSD, SMS, GPRS)

High bandwidth(LTE,…)


www.gsm-rail.com 34


• NG will be a Cellular Mobile Network (just like GSM-R) • with radio base stations (cells) along the railway lines, in stations, shunting

yards• possibly supported by satellite based services for special needs

• NG will be an “application” on top of a regular Mobile Service • based on 3GPP services tailored for a much larger user community than only

Railways• possibly a variant of Mobile Professional Radio used by Public Safety (police,

fire brigades, …) and others (private and public users)


www.gsm-rail.com 35


• NG will be owned and operated by Railways• public networks will presumably not guarantee the required 7d/24h availability• public networks are subject to continuous change (feature content, radio design,

capacity enhancements,…) which harmonises poorly with Railway operation

• NG could possibly reuse existing allocated GSM-R frequencies• sharing spectrum with GSM-R during migration

E-GSM

DownlinkUplink

GSME-GSM GSM

Public UsersPublic Users

RailwaysRailways

960918915873 880 925


www.gsm-rail.com 36

Safeguarding GSM-R Investments! (1)• Onboard Cab radio will be maintained, only upgraded

• Driver’s Interface will remain unchanged• Additional radio module supporting the new technology• Possibly also new roof top antenna and cabling• …

• Major parts of track side GSM-R network will be maintained• Base Station civil works, towers• Base Station transmission infrastructure• Core system civil works, sites• Most of Network Management , e.g. KPI supervision• …

• Fixed Dispatcher Network will be maintained, only upgraded• Human Machine Interface will remain unchanged in general…• …slight additions in the menu navigation supporting the new radio technology • Very limited effort for training of operator staff


www.gsm-rail.com 37

Safeguarding GSM-R Investments! (2)

• Railway staff already very experienced operating a Mobile Network

• In total a very substantial part of the GSM-R investment will be reused!


38

Critical Communications (ref GSM-R Group Call functionality) currently in 3GPP work for inclusion in Release 12

• Group Call System Enablers over LTE (GCSE_LTE) • ProSe• Mission Critical PTT over LTE (MCPTT)

• This standardization is driven by Users and Suppliers of Public and Professional Mobile Radio aiming at one Common, Efficient, Fully Featured and User Friendly solution…

• …aiming at many Users - potentially entire Public Safety Sector …

• Interesting to follow progress with regards to a Next Generation system following after GSM-R

New Professional Radio Standardization in 3GPP


www.gsm-rail.com 39

Today’s activities towards a Next Generation• GSM-R Core architecture Rel 4 is introduced

• Stepwise introduction of IP …• …now available on several interfaces interconnecting GSM-R

subsystems, e.g. Train Controller system

• ETCS over GPRS (that is over Packet Switching PS) is a stepping stone for…

• …much better utilisation of radio resources• …making ETCS bearer independent



40

Why GSM-R?




Wrap Up

Agenda


GSM-R from NokiaThe fast track to efficient railway communications

Nu1Active participation in European andinternational railway standardization

Strong commitment to GSM-R with long-term business and environmental vision

Strategic cooperation with local partners for necessary services and products

Experience obtained from 56 GSM-R projects,including turnkey and network operations

Best-in-class products, R&D, and production facilities

“One-stop-shopping” with e2e capabilityNumber

1



• Some Railways (Deutsche Bahn, …) consider this as one option to increase capacity

• NOKIA very actively contributing to amending 3GPP specs for ER-GSM

• Co-existence with public bands with coordinated and un-coordinated approaches

• Class Mark enhancement

• NOKIA, KCC and Ericsson as main players in GERAN of 3GPP in 2013 agreed about the 3GPP specification amendments

• NOKIA Flexi BSS prepared for ER-GSM

ER-GSM: 3 MHz additional spectrum for GSM-R


E-GSM

DownlinkUplink

GSME-GSM GSM

Public UsersPublic UsersRailwaysRailways

960918915873 880 925


Coordinated Approach: Power subject to ”negotiation”


E-GSM

DownlinkUplink

GSME-GSM GSM

Public UsersPublic UsersRailwaysRailways

960918915873 880 925


Un-coordinated Approach: Power following ”slope”

918 921

~ 40 dBmSlope is6 dB/MHz if neighbour is GSM11 dB/MHz if neighbour is UTRA/E-UTRA

-


EIRENE 7.3/15.3 current specification in EU,

published by ERA&UIC April 2012, approved by RISC on 6 June 2012, included in the TSI on 6 November 2012, includes less (MI), UIC’s 7.1/15.1, complete EDOR spec

Next release recommended by ERA in Dec 2013 is EIRENE 7.4/15.4…

…in parallel with an ETCS Maintenance Release

• Most updated specifications were finalised in April/May 2014

• ERA’s recommendation for GSM-R available on ERA web page

• Decided in RISC meeting on 12-13 June 2014

• Legal status through TSI update in autumn 2014 summer 2015!

EIRENE Roadmap 27 June 2014 (1)


EIRENE 7.4/15.4 (ERA BL 0.4)

• Core GeoRedundancy – Option

• Rel 4 allowed in addition to Rel 99 - Option

• eREC - Option

• Border Crossing

• ER-GSM – mentioned • Interference, only 4 MHz (the current GSM-R band) Mandatory for Interoperability (MI)

also for Cab (in addition to EDOR) – will allow for external filters as planned in Sweden

• Editorial improvements, clarifications

• Not yet 100% clarified exactly what will be contained – UIC, ERA and GSM-R IG not yet fully aligned (BX meeting yesterday e.g)



For Dec 2015 EIRENE 7.5/15.5 (BL 0.5) or 8/16 (BL 1.0) is planned

• ETCS over GPRS• Shortened Voice interruption at Cell Reselection of VGCS listener (SI10bis) – based on

measurements

• Voice QoS, set-up times, both e2e and network only – based on measurements

• Interference, improved Cab and EDOR receiver specification

• Interference, enhanced requirements on GSM-R RAN• Update of Subset 93 (ETCS QoS requirements on GSM-R) and corresponding

measurement specification O-2475



For Dec 2015 EIRENE 7.5/15.5 (BL 0.5) or 8/16 (BL 1.0) is planned

• From ERA, certain Railways and NOKIA point of view - after this EIRENE frozen• UIC however has invited to workshop on 20 November 2014 to discuss GSM

enhancements to improve air interface capacity and quality

• …VAMOS, SAIC, NewTon, DARP



Interference Solution for Co-existence with public 900

Reported and anticipated problems with E-GSM, 3rd (UMTS) and 4th (LTE) generation mobile systems being deployed adjacent to GSM-R!

• Industry (Sierrawireless ,Trio-Rail) has developed new radio modules for Cab/EDOR with highly improved protection against disturbances

• Industry (Siemens among many) has developed 4MHz band pass filters to be installed between the roof top antenna and the Cab/EDOR (in Sweden such may be used)

The specification changes are likely to be

• To solve intermodulation problem:

• more robust Cab/EDOR radio module – ETSI TS almost finalised – EIRENE CR not yet elaborated (candidate for UIC managed EIRENE Maintenance Release in 2015)

• allowed to limit also Cab to GSM-R frequency (4MHz) – i.e. to use 4MHz band pass filters – EIRENE CR agreed

• To mitigate unwanted/spurious emissions: improved GSM-R coverage – to be discussed within GSM-R IG aiming at joint position


eREC –enhanced Railway Emergency Call

• ProRail initiated eREC in 2004 to avoid operational losses

• SNCF/RFF also pushes eREC … lab test alternatives in discussion

• European Railway Agency ERA will accept eREC as non-MI

• Available from NSN


Voice QoS – duration of call set-ups and similar

• Currently EIRENE states only end-to-end values (in seconds)

• UIC QoS work group aims at splitting into one infra and one terminal part…

• GSM-R IG submitted a statement ”will be complex and a cost driver” in November 2012

• Suggested test specification (O-2875) includes the split

• Measurement of values and validation of suggested test method in NSN lab currently in planning (with TEN 3rd call funding) …

• …using NSN Flexi BSS

• Unclear if also KCC will do a parallel test session


Improved Downlink ReSelection - shortening long voice cut at cell reselection

• Will strongly improve the user experience of the Voice Group Call Service (VGCS)

• Seen as utterly important (even imperative for using VGCS) by some Users

• UIC pushing - in general Railways positive

• NSN was the Driver in 3GPP to specify the SI10bis solution (2006-2007)

• Measurement of values in NSN lab currently in planning…

• …using NSN Flexi BSS

• Unclear if also KCC will do a parallel test session


Access to the latest features and performance improvements

1½ channel mode for Voice Group Call Service:

Comfortable and high-quality voice communication among operational railway

staff

Improved Cell Re-selection:

Shorten voice break down to few 100mswhen moving from one radio cell to the next

eREC –enhanced Railway Emergency Call:

Targeted allocationof emergency calls to specifictrains

ER-GSM:

enhanced EIRENE frequency allocation-> 3 MHz additional spectrum for GSM-R

GSM-R networkeRECnode

Availablefor EIRENE

7.4.0/15.4.0

old

Voice break

new

GSM-R uplink

existing

new

876 880873 existing

new

GSM-R downlink

921 925918

Talker 1e.g. traincontroller

VGCSTalker 2e.g. train

driver

Listeners


Old communication systems: Expensive to maintain, not interoperable

Paging Shuntingradio

Operation & maintenance radio

Vehicle mountedradio

Trackto train radio

Automatictrain control

Tunnel radio


GSM-Railway: One integrated and standardized solution

GSM-R

GSM-R

Documents

gsmr renewals

multivendor gsmr

etcs data transfergsmr

s gsmrand

background colors

nokia solutions

improvements core

radio communications