GREENING NORTH AMERICA’S TRADE CORRIDORS “HOW TO GREEN NAFTA TRUCKS” April 22, 2008 Improving Profits + Reducing Environmental Impact.

GREENING NORTH AMERICA’S TRADE CORRIDORS

“HOW TO GREEN NAFTA TRUCKS”

April 22, 2008

Improving Profits + Reducing Environmental Impact

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Diesel EmissionsDiesel Emissions

Emission

Car Equivalents Health Effects

Particulate Matter (PM) 112 Toxic, Carcinogenic

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

131 Toxic (NO2), Ozone-forming

Hydrocarbons (HC) 9 Toxic, Carcinogenic, Ozone-forming

Carbon Monoxide (CO) 2 Respiratory Irritant, Potentially Fatal

What emissions are produced by diesel engines?– The annual emissions from a “Fleet Average” heavy-duty diesel truck

relative to the annual emissions from a catalyzed “Fleet Average” gasoline car1

1. California emissions data from EMFAC comparing a “fleet average” catalyzed car with a “fleet average” heavy-duty diesel truck (over 33,000# GVWR)

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Controlling PMControlling PM

Minor Control (5% - 10%) Crankcase recirculation

Modest Control (15% - 25%) Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC)

Intermediate Control (25% - 70%) Partial FilterTurbulent Flow DOCDiesel Particulate ReactorCombustion Catalyst System

Maximum Control (85% - 95%) Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)

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Pre-Combustion Solution – Pre-Combustion Solution – Combustion Catalyst SystemCombustion Catalyst System

Reduces HC, PM, CO, and NOx Introduces catalysts to combustion as an

aerosol to complete combustion PM reductions generally 40% - 80% NOx reductions generally 13% - 27% Reduces fuel consumption 8% - 15% or more Bottle change (5 minutes) every 400 hours Lower initial investment and cost of operation

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Reduces HC, CO and some PM

Flow through that “converts” PM rather than “trap” PM

PM reductions can be on the order of 15% to 25%

No periodic cleaning necessary

Exhaust Aftertreatment – Exhaust Aftertreatment – Oxidation CatalystOxidation Catalyst

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Exhaust Aftertreatment – Exhaust Aftertreatment – Turbulent FlowTurbulent Flow

Typically catalyzed to reduce HC, CO and lower PM regeneration temperature

Flow through “turbulent” path– Wire mesh or metal foil

PM reductions can be on the order of 50% to 70%

No periodic cleaning necessary

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Exhaust Aftertreatment – Filter (DPF)Exhaust Aftertreatment – Filter (DPF) Non-catalyzed filter – Reduces

PM– Traps PM

Catalyzed filter – Reduces PM, HC & CO– Traps PM– Catalyzes HC and CO

Requires high heat to burn off PM (like a self-cleaning oven)

– Exhaust heat from engines under high load

– Electric elements or fuel burners

Non combustible materials stay in filter and must be removed periodically

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Filter MaintenanceFilter MaintenanceCaptured in tail pipe . . . Collected in filter bags . . .

Stored onsite . . .

May need to be handled as a hazardous material

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Current ParadigmCurrent Paradigm

EPA Verification is too restrictiveSmartWay relies too much on EPA

verification.Verified technologies are regulatory

solutions, not business minded.

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PerspectivePerspective

Many of the larger trucking companies in Mexico – Are at least as well run or better than their US

counterparts– Drive only new trucks and trade them in before

they go out of warranty– Would be willing to upgrade trucks to current EPA

standards to drive into the US if they were able to cross the border

This would also help emissions in Mexico

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AlternativesAlternatives

Viable new technologies arriving on the scene – Reducing emissions in non-conventional ways– Reducing fuel consumption

EPA: 1 gallon of diesel = CO2 by 22.2 lbs

Create standards that permit companies to take advantage of innovative, validated technologies that are not EPA verified.

Encourage creation of “carrot based” rules rather than just “regulatory sticks.”

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THANK YOU!THANK YOU!Debra T. Johnson, President/CEO

Eco-Edge, LLC7400 W. Detroit, #150Chandler, AZ   85226

Phone: 480-705-4444Toll Free: 877-EPI-INTL

www.ecoedgeco.com

Improving Profits + Reducing Environmental Impact